Adelina Patti (Adelina Patti) |

Adelina pansi

Patti ndi m'modzi mwa oimira akuluakulu a virtuoso direction. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, analinso katswiri wa zisudzo, ngakhale kuti luso lake la kulenga linali lochepa makamaka ku maudindo a comedic ndi nyimbo. Wosuliza wina wotchuka anati ponena za Patti: “Ali ndi liwu lalikulu, labwino kwambiri, lochititsa chidwi ndi chithumwa ndi mphamvu ya zilakolako, liwu lopanda misozi, koma lodzaza ndi kumwetulira.”

VV Timokhin anati: “M’zoimbaimba zozikidwa pa ziwembu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, Patti ankakopeka kwambiri ndi chisoni chosatha, chifundo, mawu omveka bwino kuposa zilakolako zamphamvu ndi zamoto. - M'maudindo a Amina, Lucia, Linda, wojambulayo adakondweretsa anthu a m'nthawi yake makamaka ndi kuphweka kwenikweni, kuwona mtima, luso laluso - makhalidwe omwe ali muzojambula zake ...

Anthu a m'nthawi yake adapeza mawu a woimbayo, ngakhale kuti sanali amphamvu kwambiri, ali apadera mu kufewa kwake, kutsitsimuka, kusinthasintha ndi kukongola kwake, komanso kukongola kwa timbre kunapangitsa kuti omvera asokonezeke. Patty anali ndi mwayi wofikira ku "si" wa octave yaing'ono mpaka "fa" yachitatu. M'zaka zake zabwino kwambiri, sanafunikirepo "kuyimba" pachiwonetsero kapena ku konsati kuti pang'onopang'ono akhazikike - kuyambira mawu oyamba omwe adawoneka kuti ali ndi zida zake zonse. Kukwanira kwa mawu komanso kuyera kopanda ngwiro kwa mawu omveka kwakhala kokhazikika pakuyimba kwa wojambulayo, ndipo mtundu womaliza udatayika pokhapokha atagwiritsa ntchito mawu okakamiza a mawu ake m'magawo ochititsa chidwi. Njira yodabwitsa ya Patti, kumasuka kodabwitsa komwe woimbayo adachita modabwitsa (makamaka ma trills ndi masikelo okwera a chromatic), zidapangitsa chidwi cha anthu onse.

Zowonadi, tsogolo la Adeline Patti lidadziwika pakubadwa. Mfundo ndi yakuti iye anabadwa (February 19, 1843) mu nyumba ya Madrid Opera. Amayi ake a Adeline anayimba gawo lamutu mu "Norma" pano patatsala maola ochepa kuti abadwe! Bambo ake a Adeline, a Salvatore Patti, analinso woimba.

Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mtsikanayo - kale mwana wachinayi, mawu a woimbayo adataya makhalidwe ake abwino, ndipo posakhalitsa adachoka pa siteji. Ndipo mu 1848, banja la a Patty linapita kutsidya lina kukafunafuna chuma chawo ndikukhazikika ku New York.

Adeline wakhala akuchita chidwi ndi zisudzo kuyambira ali mwana. Nthawi zambiri, pamodzi ndi makolo ake, anapita ku New York Theatre, kumene oimba ambiri otchuka a nthawi imeneyo.

Pofotokoza za ubwana wa Patti, wolemba mbiri ya moyo wake Theodore de Grave anatchula chochitika china chochititsa chidwi: “Nditabwerera kunyumba tsiku lina Norma ataimba, pamene oimbawo anaomberedwa m’manja ndi maluŵa, Adeline anapezerapo mwayi pa mphindi imene banjalo linali lotanganidwa ndi chakudya chamadzulo. , ndipo mwakachetechete analowa kuchipinda cha mayi ake. Akukwera, msungwanayo - anali asanakwanitse zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi panthawiyo - adadzikulunga bulangeti, ndikuyika nkhata pamutu pake - kukumbukira kupambana kwa amayi ake - ndipo, akuwonekera patsogolo pagalasi, wosewera woyamba akukhulupirira kwambiri zotsatira zake, adayimba nyimbo yoyambira ya aria Norma. Pamene cholemba chomaliza cha mawu a mwanayo chinazizira mu mlengalenga, iye, akudutsa mu udindo wa omvera, adadzipatsa mphoto ndi kuwomba m'manja kwambiri, anachotsa nkhatayo pamutu pake ndikuyiponya patsogolo pake, kotero kuti, kuikweza, iye kukhala ndi mwayi wopanga mauta okoma kwambiri, omwe wojambulayo adayitanapo kapena adathokoza omvera ake.

Luso lopanda malire la Adeline linamulola, ataphunzira mwachidule ndi mchimwene wake Ettore mu 1850, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (!), Kuchita pa siteji. Okonda nyimbo ku New York adayamba kuyankhula za woyimba wachinyamatayo, yemwe amaimba ma classical arias ndi luso losamvetsetseka la msinkhu wake.

Makolo anazindikira kuti mawu a mwana wawo wamkazi anali owopsa kwambiri ngati maseŵero oyambirira oterowo, koma panalibe chifukwa china chochitira. Makonsati atsopano a Adeline ku Washington, Philadelphia, Boston, New Orleans ndi mizinda ina yaku America ndiwopambana kwambiri. Anapitanso ku Cuba ndi Antilles. Kwa zaka zinayi, wojambula wamng'onoyo adachita maulendo oposa mazana atatu!

Mu 1855, Adeline, atasiya kwathunthu zisudzo konsati, anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo Italy ndi Strakosh, mwamuna wa mlongo wake wamkulu. Anali iye yekhayo, kupatula mchimwene wake, mphunzitsi wa mawu. Pamodzi ndi Strakosh, adakonzekera masewera khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Adeline anaphunzira piyano ndi mlongo wake Carlotta.

"November 24, 1859 linali tsiku lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya zisudzo," analemba motero VV Timokhin. - Patsiku lino, omvera a New York Academy of Music analipo pakubadwa kwa woyimba wodziwika bwino wa opera: Adeline Patti adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Donizetti la Lucia di Lammermoor. Kukongola kosowa kwa mawu ndi luso lapadera la wojambulayo zinapangitsa kuti anthu aziomba m'manja mwaphokoso. Munthawi yoyamba, amayimba bwino kwambiri m'masewera ena khumi ndi anayi ndipo amayenderanso mizinda yaku America, nthawi ino ndi woyimba zenera wotchuka waku Norway Ole Bull. Koma Patty sanaganize kuti kutchuka kumene anapeza mu Dziko Latsopano kunali kokwanira; Mtsikanayo anathamangira ku Ulaya kukamenyana kumeneko kuti akhale ndi ufulu wotchedwa woimba woyamba wa nthawi yake.

Pa May 14, 1861, akuwonekera pamaso pa Londoners, omwe adadzaza zisudzo za Covent Garden kuti zisefukire, mu udindo wa Amina (Bellini's La sonnambula) ndipo akulemekezedwa ndi chigonjetso chomwe chinali chitagwa kale, mwinamwake, pasta yokha. ndi Malibran. M'tsogolomu, woimbayo adayambitsa okonda nyimbo zakomweko ndi kutanthauzira kwake kwa zigawo za Rosina (The Barber of Seville), Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Violetta (La Traviata), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Marta (Marta Flotov) , amene nthawi yomweyo anamusankha kukhala m'gulu la ojambula otchuka padziko lonse.

Ngakhale kuti pambuyo pake Patti anayenda mobwerezabwereza ku mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya ndi America, anali England kuti anapereka moyo wake wonse (potsiriza kukhazikika kumeneko kuchokera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90). Zokwanira kunena kuti kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu (1861-1884) ndi kutenga nawo mbali, zisudzo zinkachitika nthawi zonse ku Covent Garden. Palibenso zisudzo zina zomwe zidawonapo Patti pa siteji kwa nthawi yayitali. ”

Mu 1862, Patti adachita ku Madrid ndi Paris. Adeline nthawi yomweyo adakhala wokondedwa wa omvera aku France. Wotsutsa Paolo Scyudo, akumaganizira za mmene Rosina anaimbira mu The Barber ya ku Seville, anati: “Siren yochititsa chidwiyi inachititsa khungu Mario, ndipo inachititsa kuti atseke maso ake pongolira. Zoonadi, pansi pazimenezi, Mario kapena wina aliyense alibe funso; onse adabisidwa - mosasamala, ndi Adeline Patty yekha amene amatchulidwa, za chisomo chake, unyamata wake, mawu odabwitsa, chibadwa chodabwitsa, luso lopanda dyera ndipo, potsiriza ... ku mawu a oweruza opanda tsankho, popanda zomwe iye sangafikire apogee wa luso lake. Koposa zonse, ayenera kusamala ndi kutamandidwa kwachidwi komwe otsutsa ake otsika mtengo ali okonzeka kumuwombera - iwo achilengedwe, ngakhale adani abwino kwambiri a kukoma kwa anthu. Kutamandidwa kwa otsutsa oterowo ndi koipa kuposa kudzudzula kwawo, koma Patti ndi wojambula kwambiri kotero kuti, mosakayikira, sizidzakhala zovuta kuti apeze mawu oletsa komanso opanda tsankho pakati pa khamu la anthu osangalala, mawu a munthu wopereka nsembe. chirichonse ku chowonadi ndipo ali wokonzeka kuchifotokoza nthawi zonse ndi chikhulupiriro chonse mu zosatheka kuopseza. talente yosatsutsika. "

Mzinda wotsatira kumene Patty anali kuyembekezera chipambano unali St. Pa Januware 2, 1869, woyimbayo adayimba ku La Sonnambula, ndiyeno panali zisudzo ku Lucia di Lammermoor, The Barber of Seville, Linda di Chamouni, L'elisir d'amore ndi Don Pasquale wa Donizetti. Ndikuchita kulikonse, kutchuka kwa Adeline kumakula. Pofika kumapeto kwa nyengoyi, anthu adamuzindikira kuti ndi wojambula wapadera, wosayerekezeka.

PI Tchaikovsky analemba mu imodzi mwa nkhani zake zotsutsa: “… Akazi a Patti, mwachilungamo, akhala pa nambala yoyamba pakati pa anthu onse otchuka kwa zaka zambiri zotsatizana. Zodabwitsa m'mawu, mawu otambasulidwa komanso amphamvu, chiyero chosaneneka komanso kupepuka mu coloratura, chikumbumtima chodabwitsa komanso kuwona mtima kwaluso komwe amachitira gawo lililonse, chisomo, kutentha, kukongola - zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa muzojambula zodabwitsazi molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake. mu gawo la harmonic. Uyu ndi m'modzi mwa osankhidwa ochepa omwe atha kuyikidwa m'gulu la anthu otsogola apamwamba kwambiri.

Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, woimbayo nthawi zonse ankabwera ku likulu la Russia. Zochita za Patty zapeza ndemanga zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa otsutsa. Petersburg gulu loimba linagawidwa m'misasa iwiri: mafani Adeline - "pattists" ndi ochirikiza woimba wina wotchuka, Nilson - "Nilsonists".

Mwinamwake kuwunika kowona bwino kwa luso la Patty kunaperekedwa ndi Laroche: "Iye amakopa kuphatikiza kwa mawu odabwitsa ndi luso lodabwitsa la mawu. Liwu ndilopadera kwambiri: sonority iyi ya zolemba zapamwamba, voliyumu yayikulu iyi ya kaundula wapamwamba komanso nthawi yomweyo mphamvu iyi, kachulukidwe ka mezzo-soprano wa kaundula wapansi, kuwala uku, timbre yotseguka, nthawi yomweyo kuwala. ndipo mozungulira, mikhalidwe yonseyi pamodzi imapanga chinthu chodabwitsa. Zambiri zanenedwa ponena za luso lomwe Patty amachitira masikelo, ma trills, ndi zina zotero, kuti sindikupeza chowonjezera apa; Ndingozindikira kuti mwina kutamandidwa kwakukulu ndi koyenera kutengera momwe amachitira zovuta zomwe zimamveka ndi mawu ... zinthu zomwe sindinazipeze kuposa kudzaza kwa moyo komwe nthawi zina kumapezeka pakati pa oimba omwe ali ndi mawu ochepa kwambiri ... Mosakayikira, gawo lake limakhala la mtundu wopepuka komanso wa virtuoso, ndipo chipembedzo chake monga woyimba woyamba m'masiku athu ano chimangotsimikizira kuti anthu onse. imayamikira kwambiri mtundu uwu kuposa china chilichonse ndipo ili wokonzeka kupereka china chilichonse.

Pa February 1, 1877, ntchito yopindula ya wojambulayo inachitika ku Rigoletto. Palibe amene ankaganiza ndiye kuti mu fano la Gilda adzawonekera pamaso pa anthu a St. Madzulo a La Traviata, wojambulayo adagwidwa ndi chimfine, ndipo pambali pake, mwadzidzidzi adayenera kusintha woimba wamkulu wa gawo la Alfred ndi wophunzira. Mwamuna wa woimbayo, a Marquis de Caux, adamufunsa kuti asiye kuimba. Patti, atazengereza kwambiri, adaganiza zoimba. Pakupuma koyambirira, anafunsa mwamuna wake kuti: “Komabe, zikuoneka kuti lero ndimaimba bwino, ngakhale zili choncho?” "Inde," adayankha a marquis, "koma, ndingafotokoze bwanji mwaukadaulo, ndimakumvani bwino ..."

Yankho ili linkawoneka kwa woimbayo kuti silinakhale diplomatic mokwanira. Atakwiya, anang’amba wigi yake n’kumuponyera mwamuna wakeyo, n’kumutulutsa m’chipinda chodyeramo. Kenako, atachira pang'ono, woimbayo adabweretsanso sewerolo kumapeto ndipo, monga mwachizolowezi, adachita bwino kwambiri. Koma sanathe kukhululukira mwamuna wake chifukwa cha kuyankhula kwake: posakhalitsa loya wake ku Paris adamupatsa chigamulo cha chisudzulo. Chithunzi ichi ndi mwamuna wake chinadziwika kwambiri, ndipo woimbayo adachoka ku Russia kwa nthawi yaitali.

Panthawiyi, Patti anapitiriza kuchita padziko lonse kwa zaka makumi awiri. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwake ku La Scala, Verdi analemba m'modzi mwa makalata ake kuti: "Choncho, Patti anali wopambana kwambiri! Zinayenera kukhala choncho! .. Nditamumva kwa nthawi yoyamba (panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 18) ku London, sindinadabwe ndi machitidwe odabwitsa okha, komanso ndi zinthu zina zamasewera ake, momwe ngakhale pamenepo. wochita zisudzo wamkulu adawonekera ... nthawi yomweyo… Ndidamufotokozera ngati woyimba komanso wochita zisudzo wodabwitsa. Monga chosiyana ndi luso. "

Patti anamaliza ntchito yake ya siteji mu 1897 ku Monte Carlo ndi zisudzo mu zisudzo Lucia di Lammermoor ndi La Traviata. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wojambulayo wakhala akudzipereka yekha ku zochitika za konsati. Mu 1904 anapitanso ku St. Petersburg ndipo anaimba bwino kwambiri.

Patti adatsanzikana ndi anthu kwamuyaya pa Okutobala 20, 1914 ku Albert Hall ku London. Panthawiyo anali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zakubadwa. Ndipo ngakhale mawu ake adasowa mphamvu komanso kutsitsimuka, mawu ake adakhalabe osangalatsa.

Patti adakhala zaka zomaliza za moyo wake panyumba yake yokongola ya Craig-ay-Nose ku Wells, komwe adamwalira pa Seputembara 27, 1919 (anaikidwa m'manda a Père Lachaise ku Paris).