Mbiri ya oboe

Chipangizo oboe. Oboe ndi chida choimbira chamatabwa. Dzina la chidacho limachokera ku "haubois", lomwe mu French limatanthauza mkulu, matabwa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a chubu cha mawonekedwe a conical, kutalika kwa 60 cm, opangidwa ndi magawo atatu: mawondo apamwamba ndi apansi, komanso belu. Lili ndi makina a valve omwe amatsegula ndi kutseka mabowo 3-24 akusewera omwe amawombera m'makoma a oboe yamatabwa. Pa bondo lakumtunda pali ndodo iwiri (lilime), jenereta yomveka. Mpweya ukawomberedwa mkati, mbale ziwiri za bango zimanjenjemera, zomwe zikuimira lilime la anthu awiri, ndipo mpweya wa mu chubu umanjenjemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso. Oboe d'amore, bassoon, contrabassoon, nyanga ya Chingerezi imakhalanso ndi mabango awiri, mosiyana ndi clarinet yokhala ndi bango limodzi. Ili ndi timbre yamphuno yochuluka, yokoma, pang'ono.

Zinthu za oboe. Chinthu chachikulu chopangira obo ndi ebony ya ku Africa. Nthawi zina mitundu yamitengo yachilendo imagwiritsidwa ntchito (mtengo "wofiirira", cocobolo). Zatsopano zamakono zamakono ndi chida chopangidwa ndi zinthu zochokera ku ufa wa ebony ndi kuwonjezera 5 peresenti ya carbon fiber. Chida choterocho ndi chopepuka, chotsika mtengo, sichimamvera kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi. Ma obo oyambirira anapangidwa kuchokera ku nsungwi zopanda kanthu ndi machubu a bango. Pambuyo pake, mitengo ya beech, boxwood, peyala, rosewood komanso minyanga ya njovu idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zolimba. M’zaka za m’ma 19, ndi kuchuluka kwa mabowo ndi mavavu, pankafunika chinthu champhamvu kwambiri. Iwo anakhala mwala.

Kuwonekera ndi kusinthika kwa oboe. Makolo a oboe anali zida zambiri zodziwika bwino za anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Pakati pa izi: Greek aulos yakale, tibia ya Aroma, zurna ya Perisiya, gaita. Chida chakale kwambiri chamtunduwu, chomwe chimapezeka m'manda a mfumu ya Sumeriya, chili ndi zaka zoposa 4600. Chinali chitoliro chowirikiza, chopangidwa ndi mipope iwiri yasiliva yokhala ndi mabango awiri. Zida za nthawi yamtsogolo ndi musette, cor anglais, baroque ndi baritone oboe. Shawls, krumhorns, bagpipes anawonekera chakumapeto kwa Renaissance. Oboe ndi bassoon anali patsogolo ndi shawl ndi pommer. Oboe yamakono inalandira mawonekedwe ake oyambirira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17 ku France pambuyo pa kusintha kwa shawl. Zowona, ndiye anali ndi mabowo 6 okha ndi mavavu 2. M'zaka za m'ma 19, chifukwa cha dongosolo la Boehm la mphepo zamkuntho, oboe adamangidwanso. Kusinthako kunakhudza chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi makina a valve a chida. Kuyambira zaka za zana la 18, oboe yafalikira ku Ulaya; olemba abwino kwambiri a nthawiyo amalembera, kuphatikizapo JS Bach, GF Handel, A. Vivaldi. Oboe amagwiritsa ntchito mu ntchito zake VA Mozart, G. Berlioz. Ku Russia, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi M. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky ndi olemba ena otchuka. Zaka za m'ma 18 zimatengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yamtengo wapatali ya oboe.

Oboe mu nthawi yathu. Masiku ano, mofanana ndi zaka mazana aŵiri zapitazo, n’kosatheka kulingalira nyimbo popanda timbre yapadera ya oboe. Amayimba ngati chida chokhachokha mu nyimbo zachipinda, imamveka bwino mu okhestra ya symphony, inimitable mu okhestra ya mphepo, ndi chida chomveka kwambiri pakati pa zida zamtundu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida choimbira chokha ngakhale mu jazi. Masiku ano, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya obo ndi oboe d'amore, omwe timbre yake yofewa inakopa Bach, Strauss, Debussy; solo chida cha symphony orchestra - English horn; chaching'ono kwambiri m'banja la oboe ndi musette.