Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky |

Ivan Kozlovsky

Woyimba zeze wotchuka Vera Dulova analemba kuti:

"" Pali mayina muzojambula omwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa mphamvu zamatsenga. Kungotchulidwa chabe kumabweretsa ku moyo kukongola kwa ndakatulo. Mawu awa a wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia Serov akhoza kutchulidwa kuti Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky - kunyada kwa chikhalidwe chathu cha dziko.

Ndinakhala ndikumvetsera nyimbo za woimbayo posachedwa. Ndinkangodabwa mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa chilichonse ndi mwaluso kwambiri. Pano, mwachitsanzo, ntchito yokhala ndi mutu wodzichepetsa komanso wowonekera - "Green Grove" - ​​ndi cholembera cha m'nthawi yathu Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev. Zolembedwa m'mawu amtundu, zimamveka ngati nyimbo yaku Russia yowona mtima. Ndipo mokoma mtima bwanji, momwe Kozlovsky amachitira molowera.

Nthawi zonse amakhala maso. Izi sizikugwira ntchito ku mitundu yatsopano ya machitidwe, omwe amamukonda nthawi zonse, komanso ku repertoire. Anthu amene amapita kumakonsati ake amadziwa kuti woimbayo nthawi zonse adzachita chinthu chatsopano, chomwe omvera ake sachidziwa mpaka pano. Ndinganene zambiri: pulogalamu yake iliyonse imakhala ndi china chake chodabwitsa. Zili ngati kuyembekezera chinsinsi, chozizwitsa. Nthawi zambiri, zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti zaluso ziyenera kukhala zachinsinsi nthawi zonse ... "

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky anabadwa pa March 24, 1900 m'mudzi wa Maryanovka, m'chigawo cha Kyiv. Zoyamba za nyimbo za moyo wa Vanya zimagwirizana ndi abambo ake, omwe adayimba bwino ndikusewera harmonica ya Viennese. Mnyamatayo anali ndi chikondi choyambirira cha nyimbo ndi kuimba, anali ndi khutu lapadera komanso mawu okongola mwachibadwa.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ali wachinyamata, Vanya anayamba kuimba kwaya ya Trinity People's House ku Kyiv. Posakhalitsa Kozlovsky anali kale soloist wa Bolshoi Academic Choir. Choimbacho chinatsogoleredwa ndi woimba komanso woimba nyimbo wa Chiyukireniya wodziwika bwino A. Koshyts, yemwe anakhala mphunzitsi woyamba wa woimba waluso. Zinali pa malingaliro a Koshyts kuti mu 1917 Kozlovsky adalowa mu Kyiv Music ndi Drama Institute ku dipatimenti ya mawu, m'kalasi ya Pulofesa EA Muravieva.

Nditamaliza maphunziro aulemu ku Institute mu 1920, Ivan anadzipereka kwa Red Army. Anatumizidwa ku 22 Infantry Brigade ya Engineer Troops ndipo anatumizidwa ku Poltava. Atalandira chilolezo kuphatikiza utumiki ndi ntchito konsati, Kozlovsky nawo kupanga Poltava Music ndi Drama Theatre. Apa Kozlovsky, kwenikweni, anapangidwa monga wojambula opera. Nyimbo zake zimaphatikizansopo "Natalka-Poltavka" ndi "May Night" ndi Lysenko, "Eugene Onegin", "Demon", "Dubrovsky", "Pebble" ndi Moniuszko, magawo omwe ali ndi udindo komanso mwaukadaulo monga Faust, Alfred ("La Traviata "), Duke ("Rigoletto").

Mu 1924, woimba analowa gulu la Kharkov Opera House, kumene anaitanidwa ndi mtsogoleri wake AM Pazovsky. Chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri ku Faust ndi machitidwe otsatirawa adalola wojambula wachinyamatayo kuti apite patsogolo pa gululo. Patatha chaka chimodzi, atakana kupereka koyesa komanso kolemekezeka kwambiri kuchokera ku Mariinsky Theatre yotchuka, wojambulayo adafika ku Sverdlovsk Opera House. Mu 1926, dzina la Kozlovsky likuwonekera koyamba pazikwangwani za Moscow. Pa likulu siteji, woimba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake pa siteji ya nthambi ya Bolshoi Theatre mu gawo la Alfred mu La Traviata. MM Ippolitov-Ivanov adati pambuyo pa seweroli: "Woyimba uyu ndi chodabwitsa mu zaluso ..."

Kozlovsky anabwera ku Bolshoi Theatre osati monga debutant, koma monga mbuye okhazikika.

M'nthawi yoyamba ya ntchito ya woimba wamng'ono pa Bolshoi Theatre VI, Nemirovich-Danchenko anamuuza iye kumapeto kwa sewero "Romeo ndi Juliet": "Ndiwe munthu wolimba zachilendo. Mumatsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika ndipo musayang'ane omvera chisoni, ndikudziponyera mumkuntho wa zotsutsana zomwe zisudzo zikukumana nazo. Ndikumvetsetsa kuti ndizovuta kwa inu ndipo zinthu zambiri zimakuwopsyezani, koma popeza malingaliro anu olimba mtima amakulimbikitsani - ndipo izi zimamveka muzonse - ndipo kalembedwe kanu kameneka kakuwoneka paliponse, kusambira popanda kuyimitsa, osasalala pamakona ndipo musachite. yembekezera chifundo cha iwo amene ukuwoneka wachilendo kwa iwo.

Koma maganizo a Natalia Shpiller: "Cha m'ma makumi awiri anaonekera dzina latsopano pa Bolshoi Theatre - Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. Kumveka kwa mawu, kayimbidwe, kachitidwe ka data - chilichonse mwa wojambula wachinyamata panthawiyo chimawululira umunthu wodziwika, wosowa. Mawu a Kozlovsky sanakhalepo amphamvu kwambiri. Koma kutulutsa kwaufulu kwa phokoso, kukhoza kuika maganizo ake kunalola woimbayo "kudula" malo akuluakulu. Kozlovsky akhoza kuimba ndi gulu lililonse la oimba ndi gulu lililonse. Mawu ake nthawi zonse amamveka momveka bwino, mokweza, popanda mthunzi wa zovuta. Kupumira, kusinthasintha komanso kumasuka, kumasuka kosayerekezeka mu kaundula wapamwamba, mawu abwino - woyimba bwino kwambiri, yemwe kwa zaka zambiri wabweretsa mawu ake pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri ... "

Mu 1927, Kozlovsky adayimba Holy Fool, yomwe idakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri pazambiri zopanga za woimbayo komanso ukadaulo wowona mdziko lazojambula. Kuyambira tsopano, chithunzichi chakhala chosasiyanitsidwa ndi dzina la Mlengi wake.

Izi ndi zomwe P. Pichugin analemba: “… Lensky wa Tchaikovsky ndi Fool wa Mussorgsky. Ndizovuta kupeza m'mitundu yonse ya opera yaku Russia yosiyana kwambiri, yosiyana kwambiri, ngakhale pamlingo wina wachilendo muzokonda zawo zanyimbo, zithunzi, ndipo panthawiyi Lensky ndi Holy Fool ndizofanana kwambiri zomwe Kozlovsky achita. Zambiri zalembedwa ndikunenedwa za zigawo izi za wojambula, komabe sizingatheke kunenanso za Yurodivy, chithunzi chopangidwa ndi Kozlovsky ndi mphamvu zosayerekezeka, zomwe muzochita zake mu kalembedwe ka Pushkin zinakhala chiwonetsero chachikulu cha "tsogolo". wa anthu”, mawu a anthu, kulira kwa kuzunzika kwake, bwalo chikumbumtima chake. Chilichonse chomwe chili pachithunzichi, chochitidwa ndi Kozlovsky ndi luso losayerekezeka, kuyambira mawu oyambirira mpaka otsiriza, kuchokera ku nyimbo yopanda nzeru ya Opusa Woyera "Mwezi ukubwera, mwana wa mphaka akulira" ku chiganizo chodziwika bwino "Simungathe kupemphera. kwa Tsar Herode" ali wodzaza ndi kuzama kopanda pake, tanthauzo ndi tanthauzo, chowonadi cha moyo (ndi chowonadi cha luso), zomwe zimakweza gawo ili pachiwopsezo chatsoka lalikulu kwambiri ... ndi ochepa aiwo!), Zomwe zalumikizana kwanthawi yayitali m'malingaliro athu ndi wosewera wodziwika bwino. Ameneyo ndi woyera wopusa. Adzakhalabe m'chikumbukiro chathu monga Yurodivy - Kozlovsky.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wojambulayo wakhala akuyimba ndi kusewera pafupifupi maudindo makumi asanu pa siteji ya opera. O. Dashevskaya analemba kuti: “Ali pa siteji ya bwalo la zisudzo lotchukali, anaimba mbali zosiyanasiyana - zanyimbo ndi zochititsa chidwi, zochititsa chidwi, ndipo nthaŵi zina zomvetsa chisoni. Opambana mwa iwo ndi Astrologer ("The Golden Cockerel" ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov) ndi Jose ("Carmen" ndi G. Bizet), Lohengrin ("Lohengrin" ndi R. Wagner) ndi Kalonga ("Chikondi cha Malalanje Atatu ” Wolemba SS Prokofiev), Lensky ndi Berendey, Almaviva ndi Faust, Alfred ndi Duke a Verdi - ndizovuta kutchula maudindo onse. Kuphatikiza filosofi ndi kulondola kwa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu, Kozlovsky adapanga chithunzi chomwe chili chapadera mu umphumphu, mphamvu ndi kulondola kwamaganizo. "Otchulidwa ake ankakonda, kuvutika, maganizo awo nthawi zonse anali osavuta, zachilengedwe, zakuya ndi zochokera pansi pamtima," akukumbukira woimba EV Shumskaya.

Mu 1938, motsogozedwa ndi VI Nemirovich-Danchenko komanso motsogozedwa ndi luso la Kozlovsky, gulu la Opera la State la USSR linakhazikitsidwa. Oimba otchuka monga MP Maksakova, IS Patorzhinsky, MI Litvinenko-Wolgemuth, II Petrov, monga alangizi - AV Nezhdanov ndi NS Golovanov. Pazaka zitatu za kukhalapo kwa gululo, Ivan Sergeevich wachita zisudzo zingapo zosangalatsa za zisudzo mu sewero la konsati: "Werther" ndi J. Massenet, "Pagliacci" ndi R. Leoncavallo, "Orpheus" ndi K. Gluck. , "Mozart ndi Salieri" ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Katerina" NN Arcas, "Gianni Schicchi" ndi G. Puccini.

Izi ndi zomwe wolemba KA Korchmarev za nyimbo yoyamba ya nyimboyi, opera Werther: "Zojambula zoyambirira za bulauni zimayikidwa m'lifupi lonse la siteji ya Great Hall ya Conservatory. Pamwamba pawo ndi translucent: kondakitala amaoneka kudzera mipata, mauta, miimba ndi malipenga kung'anima nthawi ndi nthawi. Pamaso pa zowonetsera pali zosavuta zowonjezera, matebulo, mipando. Mu mawonekedwe awa, NDI Kozlovsky adapanga chidziwitso chake choyamba ...

Mmodzi amamva bwino pakuchita sewero, koma pomwe nyimbo zimagwira ntchito yayikulu. Pankhani imeneyi, Kozlovsky akhoza kudziona wopambana. Gulu loimba, lomwe lili papulatifomu imodzi ndi oimba, limamveka bwino nthawi zonse, koma silisokoneza oyimba. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, zithunzi za siteji zimakhala zamoyo. Amatha kusangalatsa, ndipo kuchokera kumbali iyi, kupanga uku kumafanana mosavuta ndi ntchito iliyonse yomwe ikuchitika pa siteji. Zomwe zinachitikira Kozlovsky, monga zomveka bwino, ziyenera kusamala kwambiri.

Pa nkhondo, Kozlovsky, monga mbali ya konsati brigades anachita pamaso omenyana, anapereka zoimbaimba m'mizinda omasulidwa.

M'nthawi ya nkhondo itatha, kuwonjezera pa kuchita soloist, Ivan Semenovich anapitiriza kutsogolera ntchito - kupanga angapo zisudzo.

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha ntchito yake Kozlovsky mosalekeza kuphatikiza siteji ya opera ndi siteji konsati. Nyimbo zake zamakonsati zimakhala ndi mazana a ntchito. Nawa cantatas a Bach, kuzungulira kwa Beethoven "Kwa Wokondedwa Wakutali", kuzungulira kwa Schumann "Chikondi cha Ndakatulo", nyimbo zachi Ukraine ndi Russia. Malo apadera amakhala ndi zachikondi, pakati pa olemba - Glinka, Taneyev, Rachmaninov, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Medtner, Grechaninov, Varlamov, Bulakhov ndi Gurilev.

P. Pichugin analemba kuti:

"Malo ofunikira m'chipinda cham'chipinda cha Kozlovsky amakhala ndi zibwenzi zakale zaku Russia. Kozlovsky "anapeza" ambiri a iwo kwa omvera, mwachitsanzo, "Winter Evening" ya M. Yakovlev kapena "I Met You", yomwe imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi lero. Anapanga mawonekedwe apadera kwambiri a machitidwe awo, opanda mtundu uliwonse wa kukoma kwa salon kapena zabodza zamaganizo, pafupi ndi mlengalenga wa chilengedwe, kupanga nyimbo za "kunyumba", momwe ngalezi zazing'ono za mawu achi Russia. mawu adapangidwa ndikumveka nthawi imodzi.

Mu moyo wake waluso Kozlovsky amakhalabe ndi chikondi chosasinthika cha nyimbo za anthu. Palibe chifukwa chonena mowona mtima ndi chikondi chomwe Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky amaimba nyimbo zaku Ukraine zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Kumbukirani zosayerekezeka m'masewera ake "Dzuwa latsika", "O, musapangitse phokoso, chithaphwi", "Yendetsani Cossack", "Ndichita chidwi ndi mlengalenga", "O, kumunda kuli kulira" , "Ndikatenga bandura". Koma Kozlovsky ndi wotanthauzira modabwitsa wa nyimbo za anthu aku Russia. Ndikokwanira kutchula anthu ngati "Linden zaka mazana ambiri", "O inde, inu, Kalinushka", "Makungubwi, olimba mtima", "Palibe njira imodzi yomwe idayenda m'munda." Chomaliza ichi cha Kozlovsky ndi ndakatulo yeniyeni, nkhani ya moyo wonse imanenedwa mu nyimbo. Malingaliro ake ndi osaiwalika. "

Ndipo akakalamba, wojambula samachepetsa ntchito yolenga. Palibe chochitika chimodzi chofunikira m'moyo wa dziko chomwe chimatha popanda kutenga nawo gawo kwa Kozlovsky. Poyamba woimbayo anatsegula sukulu ya nyimbo kwawo ku Maryanovka. Apa Ivan Semenovich mokondwera ntchito ndi oimba ang'onoang'ono, anachita ndi kwaya ophunzira.

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky anamwalira pa December 24, 1993.

Boris Pokrovsky analemba kuti: "NDI Kozlovsky ndi tsamba lowala m'mbiri ya luso la opera la ku Russia. Nyimbo za wolemba ndakatulo wa opera Tchaikovsky; zodabwitsa za kalonga Prokofiev mu chikondi ndi malalanje atatu; wosinkhasinkha kwamuyaya wa kukongola Berendey ndi woimba wa Rimsky-Korsakov "India yakutali ya zozizwitsa", nthumwi yowala ya Grail ya Richard Wagner; Mtsogoleri wonyengerera wa Mantua G. Verdi, Alfred wake wosakhazikika; wobwezera wolemekezeka Dubrovsky ... Pakati pa mndandanda waukulu wa maudindo omwe adachitidwa mwapamwamba kwambiri ndi mbiri ya kulenga ya IS Kozlovsky ndi mwaluso weniweni - chifaniziro cha Fool mu opera ya M. Mussorgsky "Boris Godunov". Kulengedwa kwa fano lachikale mu nyumba ya opera ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri ... Moyo ndi ntchito yolenga ya IS Kozlovsky ndi chitsanzo kwa aliyense amene watenga cholinga chokhala wojambula ndikutumikira anthu ndi luso lake.