Angiolina Bosio (Angiolina Bosio) |

Angiolina Bosio

Angiolina Bosio sanakhaleko zaka makumi atatu padziko lapansi. Ntchito yake yojambula inatha zaka khumi ndi zitatu zokha. Mmodzi amayenera kukhala ndi talente yowala kusiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika pa kukumbukira anthu a nthawi imeneyo, owolowa manja ndi luso la mawu! Ena mwa omwe amasilira woyimba waku Italy ndi Serov, Tchaikovsky, Odoevsky, Nekrasov, Chernyshevsky ...

Angiolina Bosio anabadwa August 28, 1830 mumzinda wa Italy wa Turin, m'banja la wosewera. Kale ali ndi zaka khumi, anayamba kuphunzira kuimba ku Milan ndi Venceslao Cattaneo.

The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wa woimba chinachitika mu July 1846 pa Royal Theatre ku Milan, kumene iye anachita udindo wa Lucrezia mu opera Verdi "The Two Foscari".

Mosiyana ndi ambiri am'nthawi yake, Bosio adatchuka kwambiri kumayiko ena kuposa kwawo. Maulendo obwerezabwereza ku Europe ndi zisudzo ku United States zidamupangitsa kuti adziwike padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti akhale ofanana ndi akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri panthawiyo.

Bosio adayimba ku Verona, Madrid, Copenhagen, New York, Paris. Otsatira oimba adalandira wojambulayo mwachikondi pa siteji ya Covent Garden Theatre ku London. Chinthu chachikulu mu luso lake - nyimbo woona mtima, ulemu wa mawu, mochenjera mitundu timbre, mtima wamkati. Mwinamwake, mawonekedwe awa, osati mphamvu ya mawu ake, adakopa chidwi cha okonda nyimbo za ku Russia kwa iye. Munali ku Russia, komwe kunakhala dziko lachiwiri la woimbayo, kuti Bosio anapambana chikondi chapadera kuchokera kwa omvera.

Bosio adabwera koyamba ku St. Petersburg mu 1853, ali pachimake cha kutchuka kwake. Atapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ku St. Petersburg mu 1855, adayimba kwa nyengo zinayi zotsatizana pa siteji ya Opera ya ku Italy ndipo pamasewera atsopano adapambana mafani ochulukirapo. Repertoire ya woimbayo ndi yotakata kwambiri, koma ntchito za Rossini ndi Verdi zinatenga malo apakati mmenemo. Iye ndiye Violetta woyamba pa siteji ya ku Russia, adayimba udindo wa Gilda, Leonora, Louise Miller m'masewero a Verdi, Semiramide mu opera ya dzina lomwelo, Countess mu opera "Count Ori" ndi Rosina mu "The Barber" ya Rossini. wa Seville ”, Zerlina mu “Don Giovanni” ndi Zerlina mu” Fra Diavolo, Elvira mu The Puritans, the Countess in The Count Ory, Lady Henrietta mu Marichi.

Pankhani ya luso la mawu, kuya kwa kulowa mu dziko lauzimu la fano, nyimbo zapamwamba za Bosio zinali za oimba akuluakulu a nthawiyo. Kupanga kwake payekha sikunawululidwe nthawi yomweyo. Poyamba, omvera adasilira njira yodabwitsa komanso mawu - soprano yanyimbo. Kenako adatha kuyamikira katundu wamtengo wapatali wa talente yake - mawu olimbikitsa ndakatulo, omwe adadziwonetsera okha mu chilengedwe chake chabwino kwambiri - Violetta ku La Traviata. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu monga Gilda mu Verdi a Rigoletto anali moni ndi chivomerezo, koma popanda changu kwambiri. Pakati pa mayankho oyambirira m'nyuzipepala, maganizo a Rostislav (F. Tolstoy) mu The Northern Bee ndi odziwika bwino: "Mawu a Bosio ndi soprano yoyera, yosangalatsa kwambiri, makamaka yapakati ... wamphamvu kwambiri, koma wamphatso ya umuna wina, osati wopanda kufotokoza. Komabe, wolemba nkhani wa m’danga la nyuzipepala Raevsky posapita nthaŵi anati: “Bozio anayamba kuchita bwino kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake, koma iye anakhala wokondedwa wa anthu pambuyo pochita mbali ya Leonora mu Il trovatore, imene inasonyezedwa koyamba kwa anthu a ku St.

Rostislav ananenanso kuti: “Sanafune kudabwitsa kapena, m’malo mwake, kudabwitsa omvera kuyambira nthaŵi yoyamba ndi mawu ovuta, ndime zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kapena zodzionetsera. M'malo mwake, chifukwa ... kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake, iye anasankha udindo wodzichepetsa wa Gilda ("Rigoletto"), imene mawu ake, mu digiri yapamwamba kwambiri, sakanakhoza kutuluka kwathunthu. Powona pang'onopang'ono, Bosio adawonekera mosiyana mu The Puritans, Don Pasquale, Il trovatore, The Barber of Seville ndi The North Star. Kuchokera pang'onopang'ono mwadala uku kunali kodabwitsa pakupambana kwa Bosio ... Chisoni pa iye chinakula ndikukula ... ndi masewera atsopano aliwonse, luso lake lamtengo wapatali linkawoneka losatha ... Pambuyo pa gawo labwino la Norina ... maganizo a anthu adapatsa prima donna yathu korona wa mezzo. -makhalidwe ake ... Koma Bosio adawonekera mu "Troubadour", ndipo osachita masewera adathedwa nzeru, kumvetsera kubwereza kwake kwachilengedwe komanso momveka bwino. "Ziri bwanji ...," iwo anatero, "timakhulupirira kuti sewero lakuya silinali lotheka kwa ma prima donna athu okongola."

Zimakhala zovuta kupeza mawu ofotokozera zomwe zinachitika pa October 20, 1856, pamene Angiolina anachita gawo la Violetta kwa nthawi yoyamba ku La Traviata. General misala mwamsanga inasanduka chikondi chotchuka. Udindo wa Violetta unali wopambana kwambiri wa Bosio. Ndemanga za rave zinali zopanda malire. Chodziwika kwambiri chinali luso lodabwitsa komanso kulowerera komwe woimbayo adakhala nako komaliza.

"Kodi mwamva Bosio ku La Traviata? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti mupite kukamvetsera, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba, mwamsanga pamene opera iyi ikuperekedwa, chifukwa, ziribe kanthu momwe mungadziwire mwachidule luso la woimba uyu, popanda La Traviata bwenzi lanu lidzakhala lachiphamaso. Njira zolemera za Bosio monga woyimba komanso wojambula kwambiri sizimawonetsedwa mu opera iliyonse mwanzeru zotere. Apa, chifundo cha mawu, kuwona mtima ndi chisomo cha kuyimba, kuchita bwino komanso mwanzeru, m'mawu amodzi, chilichonse chomwe chimapanga chithumwa, chomwe Bosio adalanda chisomo chopanda malire komanso chosagawanika cha St. Petersburg - zonse zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu opera yatsopano. "Bosio yekha ku La Traviata yemwe tsopano akukambidwa ... Ndi mawu otani, kuyimba kotani. Palibe chimene tikudziwa bwino lomwe ku St. Petersburg panopa.”

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Bosio anauzira Turgenev pa nkhani zodabwitsa mu buku "Pa Eva", kumene Insarov ndi Elena alipo mu Venice pa sewero la "La Traviata": "The duet anayamba, chiwerengero chabwino kwambiri cha opera, imene wopeka anatha kufotokoza chisoni onse amisala anawononga achinyamata, kulimbana otsiriza osimidwa ndi wopanda mphamvu chikondi. Atatengedwa, atatengeka ndi mpweya wachifundo chambiri, ndi misozi yachisangalalo chaluso ndi kuzunzika kwenikweni m'maso mwake, woyimbayo adadzipereka yekha ku funde lomwe likukwera, nkhope yake idasintha, ndipo pamaso pa mzimu wowopsa ... pemphero lothamanga chotero lofika kumwamba, mawu anatuluka mwa iye: “Lasciami vivere … morire si giovane!” (“Ndisiyeni ndikhale ndi moyo… kufa ndili wamng’ono kwambiri!”), moti bwalo lonse la zisudzo linaomba m’manja ndi kulira mosangalala.”

Zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za siteji - Gilda, Violetta, Leonora ngakhalenso ngwazi zansangala: zithunzi - ... ngwazi - Bosio anapereka kukhudza kwamalingaliro, kukhumudwa kwandakatulo. "Pali nyimbo yamtundu wina wanyimbo pakuyimba uku. Izi ndizomveka zomwe zimamveka m'moyo wanu, ndipo timavomerezana ndi mmodzi mwa okonda nyimbo omwe adanena kuti mukamamvetsera Bosio, mtundu wina wachisoni umapweteka mtima wanu. Zowonadi, anali Bosio monga Gilda. Mwachitsanzo, chomwe chingakhale chowoneka bwino komanso chowoneka bwino, chodzaza ndi ndakatulo ya trill yomwe Bosio adamaliza ndi gawo la Act II ndipo, kuyambira molimba mtima, imafowoka pang'onopang'ono ndikumaundana mlengalenga. Ndipo chiwerengero chilichonse, mawu aliwonse a Bosio adatengedwa ndi mikhalidwe iwiri imodzimodziyo - kuya kwakumverera ndi chisomo, mikhalidwe yomwe imapanga gawo lalikulu la machitidwe ake ... Posirira kamvekedwe kabwino ka mbali zolimba za mawu, otsutsa ananena kuti “mu umunthu wa Bosio, mbali ya kumverera ndiyo ipambana. Kumverera ndicho chithumwa chachikulu cha kuyimba kwake - chithumwa, kufikira chithumwa ... Omvera amamvetsera kuyimba kwamphepo iyi, kopanda pake ndipo amachita mantha kunena mawu amodzi.

Bosio adapanga chithunzi chonse cha zithunzi za atsikana ndi atsikana, osasangalala komanso okondwa, ovutika ndi osangalala, akufa, osangalala, okonda komanso okondedwa. AA Gozenpud anati: “Mutu waukulu wa ntchito ya Bosio ukhoza kuzindikirika ndi mutu wa mawu a Schumann, Love and Life of a Woman. Anapereka ndi mphamvu yofanana mantha a mtsikana wamng'ono pamaso pa kumverera kosadziwika ndi kuledzera kwa chilakolako, kuzunzika kwa mtima wozunzika ndi kupambana kwa chikondi. Monga tanenera kale, mutuwu udali wozama kwambiri ku gawo la Violetta. Kuchita kwa Bosio kunali kwabwino kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale ojambula ngati Patti sakanatha kumuchotsa kukumbukira anthu a m'nthawi yake. Odoevsky ndi Tchaikovsky ankayamikira kwambiri Bosio. Ngati wowonera wolemekezeka adakopeka ndi luso lake ndi chisomo, luntha, ukoma, ungwiro waukadaulo, ndiye wowonera raznochinny adakopeka ndi kulowa, kunjenjemera, kutentha kwa kumverera ndi kuwona mtima kwakuchita. Bosio ankakonda kutchuka kwambiri ndi chikondi mu chikhalidwe cha demokalase; nthawi zambiri komanso mofunitsitsa ankaimba m'makonsati, chopereka chimene analandira mokomera "osakwanira" ophunzira.

Owunikira adalemba mogwirizana kuti ndikuchita kulikonse, kuyimba kwa Bosio kumakhala kwabwino kwambiri. “Mawu a woyimba wathu wachikoka, wokongola, akuwoneka amphamvu, atsopano”; kapena: “… Liwu la Bosio linakula kwambiri, pamene kupambana kwake kunalimba … mawu ake anakulirakulira.”

Koma chakumayambiriro kwa ngululu ya 1859, anagwidwa ndi chimfine paumodzi wa maulendo ake. Pa April 9, woimbayo anamwalira ndi chibayo. Tsoka lomvetsa chisoni la Bosio lidawonekera mobwerezabwereza pamaso pa kulenga kwa Osip Mandelstam:

“Patatsala mphindi zochepa kuti ululuwo uyambe, ngolo yozimitsa moto inagunda m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nevsky. Aliyense adayang'ana m'mawindo omwe anali ndi mikwingwirima, ndipo Angiolina Bosio, mbadwa ya ku Piedmont, mwana wamkazi wa wosewera wosauka - basso comico - adasiyidwa kwakanthawi kwa iye yekha.

… Ziwawa zankhondo za nyanga za tambala zimayaka moto, ngati brio yosamveka ya tsoka lopambana losatheka, zidalowa mchipinda chopanda mpweya wabwino mnyumba ya Demidov. Ma bitiugs okhala ndi migolo, olamulira ndi makwerero anagwedezeka, ndipo poto yokazinga ya miyuni inanyambita magalasi. Koma m'chikumbumtima chochepa cha woyimbayo yemwe watsala pang'ono kufa, mulu uwu wa phokoso lotentha kwambiri, phokoso loopsya lovala malaya ankhosa ndi zipewa, phokoso lokhala ndi phokoso logwidwa ndikutengedwa moperekezedwa linasandulika kuyimba kwa oimba. Mipiringidzo yomaliza ya chiwopsezo cha Due Poscari, nyimbo yake yoyamba yaku London, idamveka bwino m'makutu ake ang'onoang'ono, oyipa ...

Anaimirira ndi kuyimba zomwe amafunikira, osati ndi mawu okoma, achitsulo, okoma mtima omwe adamupangitsa kutchuka ndi kutamandidwa m'mapepala, koma ndi chifuwa cha msungwana wazaka khumi ndi zisanu, wolakwika. , kutulutsa mopanda phokoso kwa mawu omwe Pulofesa Cattaneo adamudzudzula kwambiri.

"Tsala bwino, Traviata wanga, Rosina, Zerlina ..."

Imfa ya Bosio inamveka ndi ululu m'mitima ya anthu masauzande ambiri omwe amakonda kwambiri woyimbayo. "Lero ndaphunzira za imfa ya Bosio ndipo ndikumva chisoni kwambiri," Turgenev analemba m'kalata yopita kwa Goncharov. - Ndinamuwona pa tsiku la ntchito yake yomaliza: adasewera "La Traviata"; iye sanaganize ndiye, kusewera mkazi wakufa, kuti iye posachedwapa ayenera kuchita mbali imeneyi mwakhama. Fumbi ndi kuvunda ndi mabodza onse ndi zinthu zapadziko lapansi.

M’zikumbutso za wopanduka P. Kropotkin, timapeza mizere yotsatirayi: “Prima donna Bosio atadwala, zikwi za anthu, makamaka achinyamata, anaima osagwira ntchito mpaka usiku pakhomo la hoteloyo kuti adziwe za thanzi la diva. Iye sanali wokongola, koma ankawoneka wokongola kwambiri pamene ankaimba kuti achinyamata omwe anali misala m’chikondi ndi iye ankakhoza kuŵerengedwa m’ma mazana. Bosio atamwalira, adapatsidwa maliro monga momwe Petersburg anali asanawonepo.

Tsogolo la woimba wa ku Italy linasindikizidwanso m'mizere ya Nekrasov "Pa nyengo":

Samoyed misempha ndi mafupa Adzapirira kuzizira kulikonse, koma inu, Vociferous alendo akumwera, Kodi ndife abwino m'nyengo yozizira? Kumbukirani - Bosio, Petropolis wonyada sanamusiye kalikonse. Koma mwangodzikulunga pakhosi pa Nightingale. Mwana wamkazi waku Italy! Ndi chisanu cha ku Russia Ndizovuta kugwirizana ndi maluwa a masana. Wagwetsa mphumi yako yangwiro pamaso pa mphamvu ya iye, Ndipo wagona m'dziko lachilendo, M'manda opanda kanthu ndi achisoni. Mwayiwala inu alendo, Tsiku lomwelo mudaperekedwa kudziko lapansi, Ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, wina akuimba, Kumene anakumitsirani maluwa. Pali kuwala, pali phokoso la bass iwiri, Pali timpani zofuula. Inde! Kumpoto kwachisoni ndi ife Ndalama ndizovuta komanso zodula ndizokwera mtengo!

Pa April 12, 1859, Bosio ankawoneka kuti anakwirira St. “Khamu la anthu linasonkhana kuti lichotse mtembo wake m’nyumba ya Demidov kupita ku Tchalitchi cha Katolika, kuphatikizapo ophunzira ambiri amene anayamikira wakufayo chifukwa chokonza zoimbaimba kuti apindule ndi ophunzira aku yunivesite osakwanira,” anatero munthu wina wapanthaŵiyo. Mkulu wa apolisi Shuvalov, poopa zipolowe, anatseka nyumba ya tchalitchicho ndi apolisi, zomwe zinakwiyitsa anthu ambiri. Koma manthawo anakhala opanda maziko. Gululo mwachete wachisoni linapita kumanda a Katolika kumbali ya Vyborg, pafupi ndi Arsenal. Pamanda a woimbayo, mmodzi mwa okonda talente yake, Count Orlov, anakwawa pansi atakomoka. Mwa ndalama zake, chipilala chokongola chinamangidwa pambuyo pake.