Beethoven piano sonatas yokhala ndi maudindo

Mtundu wa sonata umakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pantchito ya L. Beethoven. Mawonekedwe ake akale amapita ku chisinthiko ndikusintha kukhala wachikondi. Ntchito zake zoyambirira zimatha kutchedwa cholowa cha okalamba a Viennese Haydn ndi Mozart, koma muzochita zake zokhwima nyimbo sizimazindikirika.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, zithunzi za sonatas Beethoven kwathunthu kuchoka ku mavuto akunja kupita ku zochitika subjective, kukambirana mkati mwa munthu ndi iye mwini.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nyimbo za Beethoven zachilendo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko, ndiko kuti, kupatsa ntchito iliyonse ndi chithunzi kapena chiwembu. Ena mwa ma sonata ake ali ndi mutu. Komabe, ndi wolemba amene adapereka dzina limodzi lokha: Sonata No. 26 ali ndi ndemanga yaying'ono monga epigraph - "Lebe wohl". Chigawo chilichonse chilinso ndi dzina lachikondi: "Kutsanzikana", "Kupatukana", "Msonkhano".

Ena onse a sonata adatchulidwa kale m'kati mwa kuzindikirika komanso kukula kwa kutchuka kwawo. Mayina awa adapangidwa ndi abwenzi, osindikiza, komanso mafani aluso chabe. Chilichonse chinali chogwirizana ndi malingaliro ndi mayanjano omwe adakhalapo atakhazikika mu nyimboyi.

Palibe chiwembu chotere mumayendedwe a sonata a Beethoven, koma wolembayo nthawi zina amatha kupanga kukangana kwakukulu komwe kumagwirizana ndi lingaliro limodzi la semantic, adapereka mawuwo momveka bwino mothandizidwa ndi mawu ndi ziwembu zomwe zidadzipangira okha. Koma iye mwiniyo ankaganiza mwanzeru kuposa kuchita chiwembu.

Sonata No. 8 "Pathetique"

Imodzi mwa ntchito zoyambirira, Sonata No. 8, imatchedwa "Pathetique". Dzina lakuti "Great Pathetic" linapatsidwa kwa ilo ndi Beethoven mwiniwake, koma silinasonyezedwe m'malembo apamanja. Ntchitoyi inakhala mtundu wa zotsatira za ntchito yake yoyamba. Zithunzi zolimba mtima za ngwazi zinali zowonekera bwino apa. Wolemba wazaka 28, yemwe anali atayamba kale kumva zovuta zakumva ndipo adawona chilichonse mumitundu yowopsa, mosakayikira adayamba kuyandikira moyo mwanzeru. Nyimbo zowoneka bwino za sonata, makamaka gawo lake loyamba, zidakhala nkhani yokambirana ndi mikangano yocheperako kuposa gawo loyamba la opera.

Zatsopano za nyimbo zimayikanso kusiyana kwakukulu, mikangano ndi mikangano pakati pa maphwando, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kulowana kwawo wina ndi mzake ndi kulenga mgwirizano ndi chitukuko cha zolinga. Dzinali limadzilungamitsa kwathunthu, makamaka popeza mathero akuwonetsa zovuta zamtsogolo.

Sonata No. 14 "Moonlight"

Wodzaza ndi kukongola kwanyimbo, okondedwa ndi ambiri, "Moonlight Sonata" inalembedwa pa nthawi yowopsya ya moyo wa Beethoven: kugwa kwa chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino ndi wokondedwa wake ndi mawonetseredwe oyambirira a matenda osachiritsika. Uku ndiko kuvomereza kwa wolembayo ndi ntchito yake yochokera pansi pamtima. Sonata No. 14 adalandira dzina lake lokongola kuchokera kwa Ludwig Relstab, wotsutsa wotchuka. Izi zinachitika pambuyo pa imfa ya Beethoven.

Pofunafuna malingaliro atsopano a kuzungulira kwa sonata, Beethoven amachoka ku ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ndikufika ku mawonekedwe a sonata yongopeka. Poswa malire a mawonekedwe akale, Beethoven amatsutsa zolembera zomwe zimamulepheretsa ntchito ndi moyo wake.

Sonata No. 15 “Abusa”

Sonata No. 15 ankatchedwa "Grand Sonata" ndi wolemba, koma wofalitsa wochokera ku Hamburg A. Kranz anapatsa dzina losiyana - "Abusa". Sichidziwika kwambiri pansi pake, koma chimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo. Mitundu yochepetsetsa ya Pastel, zithunzi zanyimbo komanso zoletsa zantchitoyo zimatiuza za momwe Beethoven anali panthawi yolemba. Wolemba yekha ankakonda kwambiri sonata iyi ndipo ankaisewera nthawi zambiri.

Sonata No. 21 "Aurora"

Sonata No. 21, yotchedwa "Aurora," inalembedwa m'zaka zomwezo ndi kupambana kwakukulu kwa woimbayo, Eroic Symphony. Mulungu wamkazi wa mbandakucha anakhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za nyimboyi. Zithunzi za chirengedwe chodzidzimutsa ndi nyimbo za nyimbo zimayimira kubadwanso kwauzimu, kukhala ndi chiyembekezo komanso mphamvu zambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zosowa za Beethoven komwe kuli chisangalalo, mphamvu zotsimikizira moyo ndi kuwala. Romain Rolland adatcha ntchitoyi "White Sonata". Zolemba zamakedzana komanso kamvekedwe kakuvina kwamtundu wamtundu zimasonyezanso kuyandikana kwa nyimboyi ndi chilengedwe.

Sonata No. 23 "Appassionata"

Mutu wakuti "Appassionata" wa sonata No. 23 unaperekedwanso osati ndi wolemba, koma ndi wofalitsa Kranz. Beethoven mwiniwake anali ndi lingaliro la kulimba mtima kwaumunthu ndi kulimba mtima, kufunikira kwa kulingalira ndi chifuniro, zomwe zinalembedwa mu Shakespeare's The Tempest. Dzinalo, lochokera ku liwu lakuti “chilakolako,” ndi loyenerera kwambiri poyerekezera ndi kapangidwe kophiphiritsa ka nyimbo zimenezi. Ntchito imeneyi inaloŵetsa mphamvu zonse zochititsa chidwi ndi chitsenderezo cha ngwazi chimene chinaunjikana m’moyo wa wolemba nyimboyo. Sonata ili ndi mzimu wopanduka, malingaliro otsutsa ndi kulimbana kosalekeza. Symphony yangwiro yomwe idawululidwa mu Heroic Symphony ikuphatikizidwa bwino mu sonata iyi.

Sonata No. 26 "Kutsanzikana, Kupatukana, Kubwerera"

Sonata No. 26, monga tanenera kale, ndi ntchito yokhayo yokhazikika pamadongosolo. Mapangidwe ake "Kutsanzikana, Kupatukana, Kubwerera" kuli ngati kuzungulira kwa moyo, kumene pambuyo pa kupatukana okonda amakumananso. Sonata idaperekedwa pakuchoka kwa Archduke Rudolph, mnzake wa wolemba nyimbo komanso wophunzira, kuchokera ku Vienna. Pafupifupi abwenzi onse a Beethoven anachoka naye.

Sonata nambala 29 "Hammerklavier"

Mmodzi wa otsiriza mu kuzungulira, Sonata No. 29, amatchedwa "Hammerklavier". Nyimboyi inalembedwera chida chatsopano cha nyundo chomwe chinapangidwa panthawiyo. Pazifukwa zina dzinali anapatsidwa yekha sonata 29, ngakhale ndemanga Hammerklavier limapezeka mu zolembedwa pamanja ake onse mtsogolo sonatas.