Charles Auguste de Bériot |

Charles Auguste de Beriot

Mpaka posachedwa, Sukulu ya Berio Violin mwina inali buku lodziwika bwino la oimba nyimbo zoyimba, ndipo nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aphunzitsi ena ngakhale lero. Mpaka pano, ophunzira a sukulu za nyimbo amasewera zongopeka, zosiyana, ma concerto a Berio. Zomveka komanso zomveka komanso "violin" zolembedwa, ndizo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zophunzitsira. Berio sanali wochita bwino, koma anali mphunzitsi wamkulu, patsogolo pa nthawi yake pamalingaliro ake pakuphunzitsa nyimbo. Osati popanda chifukwa pakati pa ophunzira ake pali oimba violin monga Henri Vietan, Joseph Walter, Johann Christian Lauterbach, Jesus Monasterio. Vietang ankalambira aphunzitsi ake kwa moyo wake wonse.

Koma osati zotsatira za ntchito yake yophunzitsa zomwe zimakambidwa. Berio amawerengedwa kuti ndi wamkulu wa sukulu ya violin yaku Belgian yazaka za zana la XNUMX, yomwe idapatsa osewera otchuka padziko lonse lapansi monga Artaud, Guis, Vietanne, Leonard, Emile Servais, Eugene Ysaye.

Berio anachokera ku banja lakale lolemekezeka. Anabadwira ku Leuven pa February 20, 1802 ndipo anataya makolo onse ali mwana. Mwamwayi, luso lake loimba lodabwitsa linakopa chidwi cha ena. Mphunzitsi wa nyimbo Tibi adatenga nawo gawo pamaphunziro oyamba a Charles wamng'ono. Berio anaphunzira mwakhama kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zaka 9 adawonekera koyamba pagulu, akusewera imodzi mwa makonsati a Viotti.

Kukula kwauzimu kwa Berio kunakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro a pulofesa wa chinenero cha Chifalansa ndi mabuku, Jacotot waumunthu wophunzira, yemwe adapanga njira yophunzitsira "yapadziko lonse" yozikidwa pa mfundo za kudziphunzitsa komanso kudzipangira okha zauzimu. Atachita chidwi ndi njira yake, Berio anaphunzira payekha mpaka zaka 19. Kumayambiriro kwa 1821, anapita ku Paris ku Viotti, yemwe panthawiyo anali mtsogoleri wa Grand Opera. Viotti ankachitira bwino woyimba zezeyo ndipo, malinga ndi malingaliro ake, Berio anayamba kupita ku makalasi a Bayo, pulofesa wotchuka kwambiri ku Paris Conservatory panthawiyo. Mnyamatayo sanaphonye phunziro limodzi la Bayo, anaphunzira mosamala njira za maphunziro ake, akudziyesa yekha. Pambuyo Bayo, iye anaphunzira kwa nthawi ndi Belgian Andre Robberecht, ndipo ichi chinali mapeto a maphunziro ake.

Kuchita koyamba kwa Berio ku Paris kunamupangitsa kutchuka kwambiri. Masewera ake oyambirira, ofewa, oimba nyimbo anali otchuka kwambiri ndi anthu, akugwirizana ndi malingaliro atsopano achikondi omwe adagwira anthu a ku Parisi pambuyo pa zaka zoopsa za chisinthiko ndi nkhondo za Napoleon. Kupambana mu Paris kunachititsa kuti Berio anaitanidwa ku England. Ulendowu unali wopambana kwambiri. Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, mfumu ya ku Netherlands inasankha woyimba zenera wa khothi la Berio ndi malipiro ochititsa chidwi a florins 2000 pachaka.

Kusintha kwa mu 1830 kunathetsa ntchito yake ya khoti ndipo anabwerera ku udindo wake wakale monga woimba violin. Posakhalitsa, mu 1829. Berio anabwera ku Paris kudzawonetsa wophunzira wake wamng'ono - Henri Vietana. Apa, mu umodzi wa salons Paris anakumana ndi mkazi wake wam'tsogolo, wotchuka opera woimba Maria Malibran-Garcia.

Nkhani yawo yachikondi ndi yomvetsa chisoni. Mwana wamkazi wamkulu wa teno wotchuka Garcia, Maria anabadwira ku Paris m'chaka cha 1808. Ali ndi luso lapadera, adaphunzira nyimbo ndi piyano kuchokera kwa Herold ali mwana, ankadziwa bwino zinenero zinayi, ndipo anaphunzira kuimba kuchokera kwa abambo ake. Mu 1824, adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ku London, komwe adachita nawo konsati ndipo, ataphunzira gawo la Rosina ku Rossini wa Barber wa Seville m'masiku a 2, adalowa m'malo mwa Pasta. Mu 1826, motsutsana ndi zofuna za abambo ake, adakwatiwa ndi wamalonda wa ku France Malibran. Ukwati unakhala wosasangalala ndipo mtsikanayo, kusiya mwamuna wake, anapita ku Paris, kumene mu 1828 anafika pa udindo wa soloist woyamba wa Grand Opera. Mu imodzi mwa salons ku Paris, anakumana ndi Berio. Wachichepere, wachisomo waku Belgian adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi Mspanya waukali. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, adavomereza chikondi chake kwa iye. Koma chikondi chawo chinayambitsa miseche yosatha, kutsutsidwa kwa dziko “lapamwamba”. Atachoka ku Paris, anapita ku Italy.

Miyoyo yawo anaithera m’maulendo osalekeza a konsati. Mu 1833 iwo anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Charles Wilfred Berio, pambuyo pake woimba piyano wotchuka ndi wopeka nyimbo. Kwa zaka zingapo, Malibran wakhala akufunafuna chisudzulo kwa mwamuna wake. Komabe, iye amatha kumasula yekha ku ukwati mu 1836, ndiko kuti, patatha zaka 6 zowawa kwa iye mu udindo wa mbuye. Atangosudzulana, ukwati wake ndi Berio unachitika ku Paris, komwe kunali Lablache ndi Thalberg okha.

Maria anasangalala. Anasainira mosangalala ndi dzina lake latsopano. Komabe, tsoka silinali lachifundo kwa banja la Berio pano. Maria, yemwe ankakonda kwambiri kukwera pamahatchi, anagwa pahatchi yake paulendo wina ndipo anamenyedwa mwamphamvu m’mutu. Anabisira mwamuna wake zomwe zinachitika, sanalandire chithandizo, ndipo matendawa, omwe akukula mofulumira, adamupha. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 28 zokha! Atagwedezeka ndi imfa ya mkazi wake, Berio anali mumkhalidwe wa kupsinjika maganizo koipitsitsa kufikira 1840. Anatsala pang’ono kusiya kuchita makonsati ndipo anadzipatula. M’malo mwake, iye sanachiritsidwe bwinobwino kumenyedwako.

Mu 1840 anapita ku Germany ndi Austria. Ku Berlin, anakumana ndikuimba nyimbo ndi woyimba zeze wotchuka waku Russia AF Lvov. Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, adaitanidwa kuti akakhale pulofesa ku Brussels Conservatory. Berio anavomera msanga.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50, tsoka latsopano linamugwera - matenda a maso opita patsogolo. Mu 1852, anakakamizika kusiya ntchito. Zaka 10 asanamwalire, Berio anakhala wakhungu kotheratu. Mu October 1859, kale theka-khungu, iye anabwera ku St. Petersburg kwa Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (1827-1891). Yusupov - woyimba violini komanso wokonda nyimbo wowunikira, wophunzira wa Vieuxtan - adamuitana kuti alowe m'malo mwa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa nyumba yopemphereramo. Muutumiki wa Prince Berio adakhala kuyambira Okutobala 1859 mpaka Meyi 1860.

Pambuyo pa Russia, Berio ankakhala makamaka ku Brussels, kumene anamwalira pa April 10, 1870.

Masewero ndi ukadaulo wa Berio zidalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi miyambo yasukulu yachikale ya violin yaku France ya Viotti - Baio. Koma anapatsa miyambo imeneyi khalidwe lachikondi. Pankhani ya talente, Berio analinso wachilendo ku chikondi chamkuntho cha Paganini komanso chikondi "chakuya" cha Spohr. Nyimbo za Berio zimadziwika ndi kukongola kofewa komanso kukhudzika, komanso zidutswa zothamanga - kuwongolera ndi chisomo. Maonekedwe a ntchito zake amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwala kwake koonekera, lacy, filigree figuration. Kawirikawiri, nyimbo zake zimakhala ndi salonism ndipo zimasowa kuya.

Timapeza kuwunika kwakupha kwa nyimbo zake ku V. Odoevsky: "Kodi kusiyana kwa Bambo Berio, Bambo Kallivoda ndi tutti quanti ndi chiyani? “Zaka zingapo zapitazo ku France, kunapangidwa makina otchedwa componuum, amenenso anapangidwa mosiyanasiyana pamutu uliwonse. Olemba njonda amasiku ano amatsanzira makinawa. Poyamba mumamva mawu oyamba, ngati obwerezabwereza; ndiye motif, ndiye katatu, ndiye zolemba zolumikizidwa kawiri, ndiye staccato yosapeŵeka ndi pizzicato yosapeŵeka, ndiye adagio, ndipo potsiriza, chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha anthu - kuvina ndi nthawi zonse mofanana kulikonse!

Munthu akhoza kulowa nawo mu mawonekedwe ophiphiritsa a kalembedwe ka Berio, komwe Vsevolod Cheshikhin adaperekapo ku Concerto yake yachisanu ndi chiwiri: "Concerto yachisanu ndi chiwiri. osasiyanitsidwa ndi kuya kwapadera, kukhudzidwa pang'ono, koma kokongola kwambiri komanso kothandiza kwambiri. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Berio ... ikufanana ndi Cecilia Carlo Dolce, chojambula chokondedwa kwambiri cha Dresden Gallery ndi akazi, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi yokhala ndi chidwi chowoneka bwino chamalingaliro amakono, wowoneka bwino komanso wamanjenje wa zala zopyapyala komanso maso otsika.

Monga wolemba nyimbo, Berio anali wolemera kwambiri. Adalemba ma concerto 10 a violin, ma arias 12 okhala ndi kusiyanasiyana, zolemba 6 zamaphunziro a violin, zidutswa zambiri za salon, nyimbo 49 zomveka bwino za piano ndi violin, zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa mogwirizana ndi oimba piyano otchuka kwambiri - Hertz, Thalberg, Osborne, Benedict. , Wolf. Unali mtundu wa konsati yotengera kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa virtuoso.

Berio ali ndi nyimbo pamitu yaku Russia, mwachitsanzo, Fantasia ya nyimbo ya A. Dargomyzhsky "Darling Maiden" Op. 115, yoperekedwa kwa woyimba violini waku Russia I. Semenov. Pamwambapa, tiyenera kuwonjezera Sukulu ya Violin mu magawo atatu ndi zowonjezera "Transcendental School" (Ecole transendante du violon), yopangidwa ndi 3 etudes. Sukulu ya Berio imawulula zofunikira za maphunziro ake. Zimasonyeza kufunikira komwe adagwirizanitsa ndi chitukuko cha nyimbo cha wophunzira. Monga njira yothandiza yopangira chitukuko, wolembayo adalimbikitsa kuthetsa - kuyimba nyimbo ndi khutu. Iye analemba kuti: “Zovuta zimene phunziro la vayolin limapereka poyambirira, zimachepetsedwa mwa zina kwa wophunzira amene wamaliza maphunziro a solfeggio. Popanda vuto lililonse powerenga nyimbo, amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri chida chake ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a zala zake ndikuwerama popanda kuyesetsa kwambiri.

Malingana ndi Berio, solfegging, kuwonjezera apo, imathandizira ntchitoyo chifukwa chakuti munthu amayamba kumva zomwe diso limawona, ndipo diso limayamba kuona zomwe khutu limamva. Mwa kutulutsanso nyimboyo ndi mawu ake ndi kuilemba, wophunzirayo amanola kukumbukira kwake, kumampangitsa kusunga mithunzi yonse ya nyimboyo, kamvekedwe kake ndi kamvekedwe kake. Zachidziwikire, Sukulu ya Berio ndi yachikale. Ziphuphu za njira yophunzitsira yomvera, yomwe ndi njira yopita patsogolo ya maphunziro amakono a nyimbo, ndi ofunika mmenemo.

Berio anali ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono, koma kodzaza ndi kukongola kosadziwika bwino. Anali woimba nyimbo, wolemba ndakatulo wa violin. Heine analemba m’kalata yochokera ku Paris mu 1841 kuti: “Nthaŵi zina sindingathe kuchotsa lingaliro lakuti mzimu wa malemu mkazi wake uli mu violin ya Berio ndipo amaimba. Ernst yekha, wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Bohemian, yemwe angathe kutulutsa mawu achifundo, okoma ovutika ndi chida chake.

L. Raaben