Tikhon Khrennikov |
Tikhon Khrennikov
“Kodi ndikulemba chiyani? Za chikondi cha moyo. Ndimakonda moyo m’mawonekedwe ake onse ndipo ndimayamikira kwambiri mfundo yotsimikizira moyo mwa anthu.” M'mawu awa - khalidwe lalikulu la umunthu wodabwitsa wa wolemba nyimbo wa Soviet, woyimba piyano, wamkulu pagulu.
Nyimbo zakhala zokhumba zanga nthawi zonse. Kuzindikira kwa malotowa kunayamba ali mwana, pamene woyimba tsogolo ankakhala ndi makolo ake ndi abale ndi alongo ambiri (anali wotsiriza, mwana khumi m'banja) mu Yelets. Zowona, makalasi oimba panthawiyo anali ongochitika mwachisawawa. Kwambiri maphunziro akatswiri anayamba mu Moscow, mu 1929 pa Music College. Gnesins ndi M. Gnesin ndi G. Litinsky ndiyeno anapitiriza ku Moscow Conservatory m'gulu la V. Shebalin (1932-36) ndi kalasi ya piano ya G. Neuhaus. Ndili wophunzira, Khrennikov analenga limba woyamba Concerto (1933) ndi Symphony First (1935), amene yomweyo anapambana kuzindikira onse omvera ndi akatswiri oimba. "Tsoka, chisangalalo, kuzunzika ndi chisangalalo" - umu ndi momwe wolembayo adafotokozera lingaliro la Symphony Yoyamba, ndipo chiyambi chotsimikizira moyo ichi chinakhala mbali yaikulu ya nyimbo zake, zomwe nthawi zonse zimasunga kumverera kwaunyamata wathunthu - magazi kukhala. Chiwonetsero chowoneka bwino cha zithunzi zanyimbo zomwe zili mu symphony iyi chinali chinthu chinanso cha kalembedwe ka wolembayo, chomwe chinatsimikizira m'tsogolomu chidwi chokhazikika pamagulu a nyimbo. (M'mbiri ya Khrennikov pali ngakhale ... sewero! malo ku Moscow Theatre for Children, motsogoleredwa ndi N. Sats (sewero "Mick, 1947), koma kupambana kwenikweni kunabwera pamene ku Theatre. E. Vakhtangov adapanga sewero lanthabwala la V. Shakespeare "Much Ado About Nothing" (1934) ndi nyimbo za Khrennikov.
Munali mu ntchito iyi kuti mphatso yanyimbo yowolowa manja ya woimbayo, yomwe ndi chinsinsi chachikulu cha nyimbo zake, idawululidwa kwathunthu. Nyimbo zoimbidwa apa nthawi yomweyo zidatchuka modabwitsa. Ndipo mu ntchito zotsatila za zisudzo ndi mafilimu, nyimbo zatsopano zimawonekera nthawi zonse, zomwe zinalowa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sizinataye chithumwa chawo. "Nyimbo ya Moscow", "Monga nightingale za duwa", "Boti", "Lullaby wa Svetlana", "Zomwe zimasokonezedwa ndi mtima", "March wa artillerymen" - izi ndi nyimbo zina zambiri za Khrennikov zinayamba. moyo wawo mu zisudzo ndi mafilimu.
Nyimbo inakhala maziko a kalembedwe ka nyimbo za woimbayo, ndipo masewera a masewera adatsimikiza kwambiri mfundo za chitukuko cha nyimbo. Mitu ya nyimbo-zithunzi mu ntchito zake zimasinthidwa mosavuta, zimamvera momasuka malamulo amitundu yosiyanasiyana - kaya opera, ballet, symphony, konsati. Kukhoza kwa mitundu yonse ya metamorphoses kumalongosola khalidwe la ntchito ya Khrennikov monga kubwerera mobwerezabwereza ku chiwembu chomwecho ndipo, motero, nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, potengera nyimbo za sewero lakuti “Much Ado About Nothing”, sewero lanthabwala lakuti “Much Ado About … Hearts” (1972) ndi ballet “Love for Love” (1982) zapangidwa; nyimbo ya sewerolo "Kalekale" (1942) filimu "Ballad Hussar" (1962) ndi ballet dzina lomweli (1979); nyimbo ya filimu The Duenna (1978) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu opera-nyimbo Dorothea (1983).
Imodzi mwa mitundu yapafupi kwambiri ndi Khrennikov ndi sewero lanthabwala la nyimbo. Izi ndi zachilengedwe, chifukwa wolembayo amakonda nthabwala, nthabwala, mosavuta komanso mwachibadwa amalowa muzochitika zamasewera, amawapangitsa kukhala anzeru, ngati akuitanira aliyense kuti agawane nawo chisangalalo chosangalatsa ndikuvomereza momwe masewerawo alili. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku nkhani zomwe zili kutali ndi nthabwala zokha. Choncho. Libretto ya operetta One Hundred Devils and One Girl (1963) idazikidwa pa zida za moyo wa magulu achipembedzo otengeka. Lingaliro la opera The Golden Calf (lochokera pa buku la dzina lomwelo la I. Ilf ndi E. Petrov) likugwirizana ndi mavuto aakulu a nthawi yathu; chiwonetsero chake choyamba chinachitika mu 1985.
Ngakhale kuphunzira pa Conservatory, Khrennikov anali ndi lingaliro kulemba opera pa mutu kusintha. Anachita izi pambuyo pake, ndikupanga mtundu wa trilogy ya siteji: opera Into the Storm (1939) yotengera chiwembu cha buku la N. Virta. "Kusungulumwa" pazochitika za kusintha, "Amayi" malinga ndi M. Gorky (1957), mbiri ya nyimbo "White Night" (1967), kumene moyo wa Russia madzulo a Great October Socialist Revolution akuwonetsedwa mu zovuta. kusakanikirana kwa zochitika.
Pamodzi ndi nyimbo siteji Mitundu, nyimbo zida ali ndi malo ofunika mu ntchito Khrennikov. Ndiye wolemba ma symphonies atatu (1935, 1942, 1974), piano atatu (1933, 1972, 1983), violin awiri (1959, 1975), ma concerto awiri (1964, 1986). Mtundu wa concerto umakopa makamaka kwa woimbayo ndipo umawonekera kwa iye mu cholinga chake choyambirira - monga mpikisano wokondweretsa wokondwerera pakati pa soloist ndi orchestra, pafupi ndi zochitika zamasewero zomwe zimakondedwa ndi Khrennikov. Chidziwitso cha demokalase chomwe chimapezeka mumtunduwu chimagwirizana ndi zolinga zaluso za wolemba, yemwe nthawi zonse amayesetsa kulankhulana ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Imodzi mwa mitundu imeneyi ndi masewero a piyano a konsati, yomwe inayamba pa June 21, 1933 mu Great Hall ya Moscow Conservatory ndipo yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zoposa theka la zaka. Ali wachinyamata, monga wophunzira ku Conservatory, Khrennikov analemba m'makalata ake kuti: "Tsopano asamalira kukweza chikhalidwe ... Ndikufunadi kuchita ...
Mawuwo anakhala aulosi. Mu 1948, Khrennikov anasankhidwa General, kuyambira 1957 - Mlembi Woyamba wa Bungwe la Union of Composers of the USSR.
Pamodzi ndi ntchito zake zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha anthu, Khrennikov anaphunzitsa kwa zaka zambiri ku Moscow Conservatory (kuyambira 1961). Zikuwoneka kuti woimba uyu amakhala nthawi yapadera, akukulitsa malire ake ndikudzaza ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzilingalira pamlingo wa moyo wa munthu m'modzi.
O. Averyanova
