Halina Czerny-Stefańska |

Halina Czerny-Stefańska

Zaka zoposa theka la zaka zapita kuyambira tsiku limene adadza ku Soviet Union kwa nthawi yoyamba - adadza ngati mmodzi mwa opambana a 1949 Chopin Competition yomwe inali itatha. Choyamba, monga gawo la nthumwi za ambuye a chikhalidwe cha Chipolishi, ndiyeno, miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, ndi zoimbaimba zokha. "Sitikudziwa momwe Czerny-Stefanska amasewera nyimbo za oimba ena, koma poimba Chopin, woyimba piyano wa ku Poland adadziwonetsa yekha kuti ndi katswiri wa filigree komanso wojambula wochenjera, yemwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lodabwitsa la woimba wamkulu. zithunzi zapadera. Galina Czerny-Stefańska anali ndi chipambano chodabwitsa ndi omvera omwe anali ovuta ku Moscow. Kufika kwa woimba piyano wachichepere ku Soviet Union kunatifikitsa kwa woimba wodabwitsa, amene njira yaikulu yaluso yatseguka pamaso pake.” Analemba choncho magazini "Soviet Music" panthawiyo. Ndipo nthawi yatsimikizira ulosiwu.

Koma anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti msonkhano woyamba ndi wosaiwalika wa Cherny-Stefanskaya ndi anthu a Soviet unachitika zaka zingapo zisanachitike ku Moscow. Zinachitika panthawi yomwe wojambula wamtsogolo ankawoneka kuti maloto ake omwe amawakonda - kukhala woyimba piyano - sadzakwaniritsidwanso. Kuyambira ali wamng’ono, zonse zinkaoneka kuti zikumukomera mtima. Mpaka zaka khumi, abambo ake adamutsogolera - Stanislav Schwarzenberg-Cherny, pulofesa ku Krakow Conservatory; mu 1932 anaphunzira kwa miyezi ingapo ku Paris ndi A. Cortot mwiniyo, ndipo kenaka, mu 1935, anakhala wophunzira wa woyimba piyano wotchuka Y. Turczynski pa Warsaw Conservatory. Ngakhale pamenepo, adasewera pazigawo za Poland komanso kutsogolo kwa maikolofoni a Wailesi yaku Poland. Koma kenako nkhondo inayamba, ndipo zolinga zonse zinalephereka.

… Chaka cha chigonjetso chafika - 1945. Umu ndi momwe wojambulayo adakumbukira tsiku la Januware 21: "Asitikali aku Soviet adamasula Krakow. M’zaka zimene ndinkagwira, sindinkakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chidacho. Ndipo madzulo amenewo ndinafuna kusewera. Ndipo ine ndinakhala pansi pa limba. Mwadzidzidzi wina anagogoda. Msilikali wa Soviet mosamala, kuyesera kuti asapange phokoso, anaika mfuti yake pansi ndipo, posankha mawu ake movutikira, anafotokoza kuti ankafuna kumvetsera nyimbo. Ndinamusewera usiku wonse. Anandimvera chisoni kwambiri. ”…

Patsiku limenelo, wojambulayo adakhulupirira chitsitsimutso cha maloto ake. Zowona, panalibe njira yotalikirapo kuti ikwaniritsidwe, koma adathamanga mwachangu: makalasi motsogozedwa ndi mwamuna wake, mphunzitsi L. Stefansky, kupambana mu Mpikisano wa Oimba Achinyamata Achipolishi mu 1946, zaka zophunzira m'kalasi. wa 3. Drzewiecki ku Warsaw Higher School of Music (poyamba pa dipatimenti yake yokonzekera). Ndipo mofananamo - ntchito ya wojambula pasukulu ya nyimbo, zisudzo ku mafakitale a Krakow, kusukulu ya ballet, kusewera madzulo kuvina. Mu 1947, Czerny Stefańska anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi Krakow Philharmonic Orchestra yoyendetsedwa ndi V. Berdyaev, akusewera Mozart's Concerto mu A yaikulu. Ndiyeno panali chigonjetso pa mpikisano, chimene chinali chiyambi cha mwadongosolo konsati ntchito, ulendo woyamba mu Soviet Union.

Kuyambira pamenepo, ubwenzi wake ndi omvera Soviet anabadwa. Amabwera kwa ife pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, nthawi zina ngakhale kawiri pachaka - nthawi zambiri kuposa ochita alendo ambiri akunja, ndipo izi zikuchitira umboni za chikondi chomwe omvera a Soviet ali nacho pa iye. Pamaso pathu pali njira yonse yojambula ya Cherny-Stefanskaya - njira yochokera kwa wopambana wachinyamata kupita kwa mbuye wodziwika. Ngati m'zaka zoyambilira kutsutsa kwathu kumawonetsanso zolakwika zina za wojambula yemwe anali munjira yoti akhale (njira zochulukirapo, kulephera kudziwa mawonekedwe akulu), ndiye pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50s tidazindikira kuti ali ndi mbuye wamkulu. zolemba zake zapadera, zobisika komanso zandakatulo, zodziwika ndi kuzama kwakumverera, chisomo cha Chipolishi ndi kukongola kwake, wokhoza kufotokozera mitundu yonse ya nyimbo - kulingalira kwanyimbo ndi kuzama kwa malingaliro, malingaliro a filosofi ndi chikoka cha ngwazi. Komabe, sikuti tinazindikira. Nzosadabwitsa kuti wodziwa bwino piyano H.-P. Ranke (Germany) m’bukhu lake lakuti “Pianists Today” analemba kuti: “Mu Paris ndi Rome, mu London ndi Berlin, mu Moscow ndi Madrid, dzina lake tsopano lakhala dzina lachilendo.”

Anthu ambiri amaphatikiza dzina la woyimba piyano waku Poland ndi nyimbo za Chopin, zomwe amamulimbikitsa kwambiri. "Woyimba nyimbo wosayerekezeka, wokhala ndi luso lomveka bwino la mawu, mawu ofewa komanso kukoma kofewa, adakwanitsa kuwonetsa chiyambi cha mzimu wa Chipolishi ndi kuvina, kukongola ndi chowonadi chodziwika bwino cha chopin's cantilena," Z. Drzewiecki adalemba za iye. wokondedwa wophunzira. Atafunsidwa ngati amadziona ngati Chopinist, Czerny-Stefanska mwiniwake akuyankha kuti: "Ayi! Ndizoti Chopin ndizovuta kwambiri kwa oimba piyano onse, ndipo ngati anthu akuganiza kuti ndine Chopinist wabwino, ndiye kwa ine izi zikutanthauza kuvomereza kwakukulu. Chivomerezo choterocho chinanenedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi anthu a ku Soviet Union, akufotokoza maganizo ake omwe M. Teroganyan analemba m’nyuzipepala ya “Soviet Culture” kuti: “M’dziko la zojambulajambula za limba, monganso mu luso lina lililonse, sipangakhale miyezo ndi zitsanzo. Ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake palibe amene angabwere ndi lingaliro lakuti Chopin iyenera kuseweredwa momwe G. Cerny-Stefanska amamusewera. Koma sipangakhale malingaliro awiri okhudza kuti woimba piyano waluso kwambiri wa ku Poland amakonda mopanda dyera zolengedwa za mwana wanzeru wa dziko lakwawo ndipo ndi chikondi ichi pa iye chimakopa omvera ake oyamikira. Kuti titsimikizire lingaliro ili, tiyeni titchule mawu a katswiri wina, wotsutsa I. Kaiser, yemwe adavomereza kuti Czerny-Stefanskaya "ali ndi Chopin yakeyake - yowala kwambiri, yaumwini, yodzaza kwambiri kuposa ya oimba piyano ambiri a ku Germany, omasuka komanso osakhazikika Oimba piyano a ku America, osavuta komanso omvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuposa Achifalansa.”

Anali masomphenya otsimikizika ndi otsimikizika a Chopin omwe adamubweretsera kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Koma osati zokhazo. Omvera ochokera m'mayiko ambiri amadziwa ndikuyamikira Cerny-Stefanska mumasewero osiyanasiyana. Dzhevetsky yemweyo ankakhulupirira kuti mu nyimbo za oimba zeze a ku France, Rameau ndi Daken, mwachitsanzo, "masewera ake amapeza kufotokoza ndi kukongola kwachitsanzo." Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti posachedwapa pokondwerera zaka XNUMX za kuwonekera kwake koyamba pa siteji, wojambulayo adasewera ndi Krakow Philharmonic pamodzi ndi Chopin's Concerto mu E minor, Frank's Symphonic Variations, ma concerto a Mozart (A major) ndi Mendelssohn's (G minor), kamodzi. kusonyezanso kusinthasintha kwake. Amayimba mwaluso Beethoven, Schumann, Mozart, Scarlatti, Grieg. Ndipo ndithudi, anzawo. Zina mwa ntchito zomwe adachita ku Moscow nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi masewero a Szymanowski, The Great Polonaise ndi Zarembski, The Fantastic Krakowiak ndi Paderewski ndi zina zambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake I. Belza akulondola kawiri pamene adamutcha "woyimba piyano wodabwitsa kwambiri wa ku Poland pambuyo pa "mfumukazi ya phokoso" Maria Szymanowska ".

Czerny-Stefanska adatenga nawo mbali pamilandu yamipikisano yambiri - ku Leeds, ku Moscow (wotchedwa Tchaikovsky), Long-Thibault, dzina lake. Chopin ku Warsaw.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990