Mbiri ya Harmonium

Chiwalo lero ndi choyimira zakale. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la Tchalitchi cha Katolika, limapezeka m'maholo ena ochitirako konsati komanso mu Philharmonic. Harmonium imakhalanso ya banja la organ.

Physharmonia ndi bango kiyibodi nyimbo chida. Phokoso limapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi mabango achitsulo, omwe, mothandizidwa ndi mpweya, amapanga kayendedwe ka oscillatory. Wosewera amangofunika kukanikiza ma pedals pansi pa chidacho. Pakatikati mwa chidacho pali kiyibodi, ndipo pansi pake pali mapiko angapo ndi ma pedals. Chodziwika bwino cha harmonium ndikuti sichimayendetsedwa ndi manja okha, komanso ndi miyendo ndi mawondo. Mothandizidwa ndi zotsekera, mithunzi yosinthika ya phokoso imasintha.

Harmonium ndi yofanana ndi piyano, koma zida ziwiri zoimbira za mabanja osiyanasiyana siziyenera kusokonezedwa. Malinga ndi mwambo wautali, chidacho chimapangidwa ndi matabwa. Harmonium imafika kutalika kwa 150 cm ndi 130 cm mulifupi. Chifukwa cha ma octave asanu, mutha kuyimba nyimbo zilizonse komanso kuwongolera. Chidacho ndi cha kalasi ya ma aerophones.

Mbiri ya harmonium idayamba m'zaka za zana la 19. Zochitika zingapo zinathandizira kupanga chida choimbira. Katswiri wina wa organ wa ku Czechoslovakia F. Kirshnik, yemwe ankakhala ku St. Iye anatulukira makina a espressivo, omwe amatha kukulitsa kapena kufooketsa mawu. Chilichonse chinkadalira kuti woimbayo adakanikiza mwakuya kiyi ("kukanikiza kawiri"). Ndi limagwirira kuti VF Odoevsky ntchito mu 1784 kupanga mini-chiwalo "Sebastianon".

Mu 1790 ku Warsaw, wophunzira wa Kirschnik, Raknitz, kusintha kunapangidwa kwa GI Vogler (malirime oterera), omwe adayendera nawo mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Chipangizocho chinapitirizabe kuyenda bwino, nthawi iliyonse chinthu chatsopano chinayambitsidwa.

Chitsanzo cha harmonium, chiwalo chofotokozera, chinapangidwa ndi G.Zh. Grenier mu 1810. Mu 1816, chida chowongolera chinaperekedwa ndi German master ID Bushman, ndipo mu 1818 ndi mbuye wa Viennese A. Heckl. Anali A. Heckl yemwe adatcha chidacho "harmonium". Pambuyo pake AF Deben adapanga harmonium yaying'ono, yowoneka ngati piyano.

Mu 1854, mbuye wa ku France V. Mustel anapereka mgwirizano ndi "mawu awiri" ("mawu awiri"). Chidacho chinali ndi zolemba ziwiri, zolembera 6-20, zomwe zimayatsidwa mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zamatabwa kapena kukanikiza mabatani. Kiyibodi idagawidwa mbali ziwiri (kumanzere ndi kumanja). M'kati mwake munali "maseti" awiri omwe anali ndi zolembera. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 19, kamangidwe kake kakupitirizabe kuyenda bwino. Choyamba, perkussion inayambika mu chida, chomwe chinali kotheka kupereka phokoso lomveka bwino, ndiye chipangizo chowonjezera, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lotalika.

M'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20, harmonium idagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga nyimbo zapakhomo. Panthawi imeneyi, "harmonium" nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chiwalo". Koma, okhawo omwe anali kutali ndi nyimbo adachitcha kuti, popeza chiwalocho ndi chida chowombera mphepo, ndipo harmonium ndi bango.

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20, zakhala zikucheperachepera. Masiku ano, palibe ma harmoniums ambiri opangidwa, mafani owona okha amagula. Chidachi chikadali chothandiza kwambiri kwa akatswiri oimba panthawi yobwereza, kuphunzira nyimbo zatsopano komanso kuphunzitsa manja ndi mapazi. Harmonium moyenerera ili ndi malo otchuka m'mbiri ya zida zoimbira.