Kutanthauzira kwa nyimbo za piyano

Kwa omwe sadziwa nyimbo zachikale, mawu akuti "kutanthauzira nyimbo" angawoneke kukhala osokoneza.

Kwa iwo, tiyeni tifotokoze mawu awa mwachidule. Kodi kutanthauzira kwa gawo la nyimbo ndi chiyani? Zolemba kapena mphambu (zantchito zokhala ndi zida zopitilira chimodzi) zili ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane okhudzana ndi tempo, siginecha ya nthawi, nyimbo, nyimbo, mgwirizano, katchulidwe ndi kasinthasintha. Ndiye chingatanthauzidwe chiyani mu ntchito? Zolembazo zimalongosola ndondomeko yomwe iyenera kukhala poyambira kutanthauzira, amasiya woimbayo ufulu wina posankha tempo, mphamvu ndi kufotokozera (zowonadi, sipangakhale ufulu woimba nyimbo kapena nyimbo, zikhoza kukhala cholakwika). Kupalasa koyenera kumathandizanso kwambiri.

Dynamika Mphamvu ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zomasulira. Ngakhale njira zotsalira (zofotokozera, tempo) ziyenera kusankhidwa mwanjira ina ndi wochita, kuyanjana kwawo pa ntchito yonseyo sikuwononga ntchito monga kusowa kwa kusintha kwakukulu. (Zoonadi, tikutanthauza kachitidwe ka nyimbo zachikale nthawi zonse. Mu nyimbo zotchuka, makamaka pamene piyano ili mbali chabe ya zida zoimbira, zosintha zazikulu zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri kapena ngakhale woyimba piyano amakakamizika kuyimba zida zofanana zonse. nthawi, mwachitsanzo, forte, kuti aonekere pakati pa ena. Kusintha kosinthika kosankhidwa bwino kumakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha mawu amodzi. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka pankhani ya nyimbo za nthawi ya Classicist (mwachitsanzo ku Mozart) kumene ziganizo zambiri za nyimbo zimabwerezedwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo kusintha kwa mphamvu ndiko kusiyana kokha pakati pawo. Izi sizikutanthauza, komabe, kuti kusintha kosinthika kumakhalabe kofunika kwambiri m'mitundu ina ya nyimbo, ngakhale kuti poyamba kungakhale kocheperako kwa omvera omwe sanamvepo.

Zolemba Kufotokozera, kapena njira yopangira mawu. M'nyimbo za zida za kiyibodi, timakumana ndi katchulidwe ka legato (kuphatikiza mawu), portato (ndi kupuma pang'ono) ndi staccato (yachidule, yododometsa kwambiri). Kufotokozera kumakulolani kuti musinthe kwambiri mawonekedwe a mawu amodzi, ndikulekanitsa ziganizo za nyimbo wina ndi mzake.

Time Kusankha tempo yoyenera kumakhudza kwambiri momwe chidutswa chimawonekera. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumatha kuwononga chithumwa chake, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kungapangitse kuti zolembazo zikhale zidutswa kapena kusokoneza khalidwe lake. (Pali nkhani yodziwika, mwachitsanzo, pamene, pa imodzi mwa makope am'mbuyomu a Chopin Competition, mmodzi wa ophunzirawo adasewera polonaise pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kuvina kumveke ngati ulendo wamaliro) Komabe, ngakhale mkati. tempo yolondola yofotokozedwa ndi woipeka, woimbayo ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya (mwachitsanzo, pa moderato tempo, kuyambira pafupifupi 108 mpaka 120 kumenyedwa pamphindi) ndipo malingana ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsidwa, akhoza kusankha tempo mu chapakati, pafupi ndi malire apamwamba kuti chiwongolere chidutswacho, kapena mwachitsanzo, muchepetse pang'ono ndipo, kuphatikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito theka la pedal, chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chowoneka bwino.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tempo rubato, mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha panthawi ya chidutswacho, kumakhalanso kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ndi njira yochitira masewera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyimbo za nthawi ya Romantic. Kusintha tempo kumayambitsa kutambasula kapena kufupikitsa kamvekedwe ka nyimbo pazidutswa zilizonse, koma poyambira tempo rubato nthawi zonse imakhala yolimba kwambiri - chidutswa chopangidwa ndi rubato chiyenera kukhala nthawi yofanana ndi yomwe imachitika pa yunifolomu tempo. Kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa mayendedwe nakonso ndikulakwitsa. Henryk Neuhaus - mphunzitsi wodziwika bwino wa ku Russia - analemba kuti palibe chinthu chotopetsa kuposa kusinthasintha kosasunthika komanso kosasunthika kwa chidutswa, kukumbukira kuledzera kugwedezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera tempo rubato ndi chimodzi mwazopambana za piyano. Nthawi zina, kusintha kwa tempo kuwiri kapena katatu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yoyenera kumapangitsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa zambiri, chifukwa muyeso uyenera kutsindika kukongola kwa chidutswacho ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera pakati pa kusasinthasintha ndi chinthu chodabwitsa.

Ndi maulendo awiri oyipa, osakhazikika komanso mayendedwe olimba a metronomic, omalizawa ndi abwino kwambiri. Kutha kugwira ntchito mofanana komanso molondola malinga ndi tempo yomwe imayikidwa ndi metronome ndi maziko okonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito tempo rubato moyenera. Popanda chidziwitso cha mayendedwe oyambira, ndizosatheka kusunga chidutswa "chonse".

Pedalization Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma pedals ndi gawo lofunikira pakutanthauzira. Iwo amalola kupereka chidutswa Phunzirani, mpweya zina, reverberation, koma ntchito forte chopondapo owonjezera ndi disadvantageous, monga zingakhale wotopetsa kapena kuyambitsa kwambiri sonic chipwirikiti, makamaka pamene novice woimba piyano si kulekanitsa awiri motsatizana harmonic ntchito.

Kukambitsirana Ngakhale kuti zolemba zakale ndizolondola kwambiri. (Njira zamakono zolembera, mwachitsanzo kugwiritsa ntchito ma graph, sizinabweretse mwayi uliwonse watsopano. Kupatula mawonekedwewo, amasiyana ndi mawu osamvetsetseka ndipo motero amachititsa kusamvana pakati pa woipeka ndi oimba, pomwe mawu omveka bwino amatha kulemeretsedwa ndi mawuwo. ndemanga zowonjezera ndi zolemba.) Zimasiya womangamanga ufulu wochuluka. Zokwanira kunena kuti luso la kutanthauzira ku ungwiro kumafuna zaka zambiri za ntchito ndipo amachitidwa ndi akatswiri kuyambira pafupifupi chiyambi cha maphunziro mpaka mapeto a maphunziro mu conservatories. Kutanthauzira kwabwino, komabe, kumathekanso kwa anthu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amachita zidutswa molingana ndi luso lawo. Komabe, kuti mupeze, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo la akatswiri oimba piyano, chifukwa luso ndi lalikulu ndipo limafuna kuyeserera. Komabe, izi sizikukulepheretsani kusangalala nazo pamakonsati. Ndi bwino kuzimvetsera pamakonsati, m’maholo abwino, ochitidwa ndi oimba abwino, kapena pamaseti abwino omvetsera, amene amaseweredwa kuchokera pa CD yoyambirira kapena wapamwamba wav. Nyimbo zachikale zopangidwa bwino zimakhala ndi mawu osawoneka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti zimakhala zovuta kuzijambula zonse muzojambula, ndipo mwatsoka zimaseweredwa kuchokera pa fayilo ya MP3 kapena pazida zotsika, sizimveka bwino ngati zili ndi moyo.