Vasily Sergeevich Kalinnikov |

Vasily Kalinnikov

… Ndinachita chidwi ndi chithumwa cha chinthu chokondedwa, chodziwika bwino… A. Chekhov. "Nyumba yokhala ndi mezzanine"

V. Kalinnikov, woimba waluso wa ku Russia, anakhala ndikugwira ntchito m'ma 80s ndi 90s. Zaka za m'ma XNUMX inali nthawi yakukwera kwambiri kwa chikhalidwe cha ku Russia, pomwe P. Tchaikovsky adapanga zaluso zake zomaliza, zosewerera za N. Rimsky-Korsakov, zolembedwa ndi A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov adawonekera motsatizana, koyambirira. nyimbo za S. Rachmaninov zinawonekera pamphepete mwa nyimbo , A. Scriabin. Mabuku achi Russia a nthawiyo ankawala ndi mayina monga L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin, L. Andreev, V. Veresaev, M. Gorky, A. Blok, K. Balmont, S. Nadson ... Ndipo mumtsinje waukulu uwu munamveka mawu odekha, koma odabwitsa a ndakatulo ndi oyera a nyimbo za Kalinnikov, zomwe zinayamba kukondana ndi oimba komanso omvera, ogonjetsedwa ndi kuona mtima, chifundo, kukongola kosalekeza kwa nyimbo za ku Russia. B. Asafiev amatchedwa Kalinnikov "Ring Ring of Russian Music".

Tsoka lomvetsa chisoni linagwera wolemba nyimbo ameneyu, yemwe anamwalira atangoyamba kumene kulenga. "Kwa chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndakhala ndikuvutika ndi kumwa mowa, koma amandigonjetsa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amatenga ulamuliro. Ndipo zonsezi ndi vuto la ndalama zotembereredwa! Ndipo zinandichitikira kuti ndidwale ndi mikhalidwe yosathekayo imene ndinayenera kukhalamo ndi kuphunzira.

Kalinnikov anabadwira m'banja losauka, lalikulu la bailiff, zomwe zofuna zake zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zachigawo chachigawo. M'malo mwa makhadi, kuledzera, miseche - ntchito yabwino ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyimbo. Amateur kwaya kuimba, nyimbo zowerengeka za m'chigawo Oryol anali woyamba nyimbo mayunivesite wa m'tsogolo wopeka, ndi wokongola chikhalidwe cha Oryol dera, kotero ndakatulo anaimbidwa I. Turgenev, anadyetsa m'maganizo mnyamata ndi luso m'maganizo. Ali mwana, maphunziro a nyimbo a Vasily ankayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala wa zemstvo A. Evlanov, yemwe adamuphunzitsa zofunikira za nyimbo ndikumuphunzitsa kuimba violin.

Mu 1884, Kalinnikov analowa Moscow Conservatory, koma patapita chaka, chifukwa chosowa ndalama zolipirira maphunziro ake, anasamukira ku Music ndi Drama School of the Philharmonic Society, kumene akanakhoza kuphunzira kwaulere m'kalasi zida mphepo. Kalinnikov anasankha bassoon, koma anaika chidwi kwambiri pa maphunziro ogwirizana omwe anaphunzitsidwa ndi S. Kruglikov, woimba nyimbo zambiri. Anapitanso ku maphunziro a mbiri yakale pa yunivesite ya Moscow, anachita zisudzo zovomerezeka za zisudzo ndi makonsati a philharmonic kwa ophunzira asukulu. Ndinafunikanso kuganizira zopeza ndalama. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama za banja, Kalinnikov anakana thandizo la ndalama kunyumba, ndipo kuti asafe ndi njala, adapeza ndalama polemba zolemba, maphunziro a ndalama, kusewera m'magulu oimba. N’zoona kuti anatopa, ndipo makalata a bambo ake okha ndi amene ankamuthandiza kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. "Dzilowetseni mu dziko la sayansi ya nyimbo," timawerenga m'modzi mwa iwo, "ntchito ... Dziwani kuti mudzakumana ndi zovuta ndi zolephera, koma musafooke, menyanani nazo ... ndipo osabwerera m'mbuyo."

Imfa ya bambo ake mu 1888 inali vuto lalikulu kwa Kalinnikov. Ntchito zoyamba - 3 zachikondi - zinatuluka mu 1887. Mmodzi wa iwo, "Pa chitunda chakale" (pa I. Nikitin station), nthawi yomweyo adadziwika. Mu 1889, 2 symphonic debuts inachitika: mu umodzi wa zoimbaimba Moscow, Kalinnikov ntchito yoyamba okhestra bwino anachita - symphonic penti "Nymphs" zochokera chiwembu cha "ndakatulo mu Prose" Turgenev, ndi mwambo mwambo Philharmonic. Sukulu adachita Scherzo yake. Kuyambira nthawi ino, nyimbo za orchestra zimapeza chidwi chachikulu kwa wolemba. Ataleredwa pa nyimbo ndi miyambo yamakwaya, osamva chida chimodzi mpaka zaka 12, Kalinnikov amakopeka kwambiri ndi nyimbo za symphonic kwa zaka zambiri. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti “nyimbo… Ntchito za orchestra zimawonekera imodzi pambuyo pa inzake: Suite (1889), yomwe idapambana chivomerezo cha Tchaikovsky; 2 symphonies (1895, 1897), symphonic penti "Cedar and Palm Tree" (1898), manambala oimba a AK Tolstoy tsoka "Tsar Boris" (1898). Komabe, woimbayo amatembenukiranso ku mitundu ina - amalemba zachikondi, zoimbaimba, zidutswa za piyano, ndipo pakati pawo "Nyimbo Yachisoni" yokondedwa ndi aliyense. Iye akutenga zikuchokera opera "Mu 1812", wotumidwa ndi S. Mamontov, ndipo anamaliza mawu oyamba kwa izo.

Wolembayo amalowa mu nthawi ya maluwa apamwamba kwambiri a mphamvu zake zolenga, koma ndi nthawi yomwe chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chomwe chinatsegulidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo chimayamba kupita patsogolo. Kalinnikov amatsutsa mwamphamvu matenda omwe amamudya, kukula kwa mphamvu zauzimu kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kutha kwa mphamvu zakuthupi. "Mverani nyimbo za Kalinnikov. Kodi pali chizindikiro m'menemo chakuti mawu a ndakatulo awa akutsanulidwa m'chikumbumtima chonse cha munthu amene wamwalira? Ndi iko komwe, palibe kudandaula kapena matenda. Izi ndi nyimbo zathanzi kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto, moona mtima, nyimbo zamoyo ... "analemba wotsutsa nyimbo komanso mnzake wa Kalinnikov Kruglikov. "Moyo wadzuwa" - umu ndi momwe anthu a m'nthawi yake adalankhula za wolemba nyimboyo. Nyimbo zake za harmonic, zomveka bwino zimawoneka kuti zimatulutsa kuwala kofewa.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi First Symphony, yomwe imatulutsa masamba ouziridwa a Chekhov's lyrical-landscape prose, mkwatulo wa Turgenev ndi moyo, chilengedwe, ndi kukongola. Movutikira kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi, Kalinnikov adakwanitsa kuyimba nyimboyo, koma itangomveka koyamba mu konsati ya nthambi ya RMS ya Kyiv mu Marichi 1897, gulu lake lachigonjetso kudutsa m'mizinda. za Russia ndi Europe zinayamba. "Wokondedwa Vasily Sergeevich!" - Conductor A. Vinogradsky akulembera Kalinnikov pambuyo pa ntchito ya symphony ku Vienna. "Simphony yanu idapambananso bwino dzulo. Zowonadi, uwu ndi mtundu wina wa symphony wopambana. Kulikonse komwe ndimasewera, aliyense amaikonda. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, oimba komanso khamu la anthu.” Kupambana kopambana kunagweranso pagawo la Second Symphony, ntchito yowala, yotsimikizira moyo, yolembedwa mofala, pamlingo waukulu.

Mu Okutobala 1900, miyezi 4 woimbayo asanamwalire, zolemba ndi zomveka za Symphony Yoyamba zidasindikizidwa ndi nyumba yosindikiza ya Jurgenson, zomwe zidabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu kwa wolembayo. Wosindikizayo, komabe, sanapereke chilichonse kwa wolembayo. Ndalama zomwe adalandira zinali zabodza za abwenzi omwe, pamodzi ndi Rachmaninov, adasonkhanitsa ndalama zofunikira polembetsa. Kawirikawiri, kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo Kalinnikov anakakamizika kukhalapo kokha pa zopereka za achibale ake, zomwe zinali zovuta kwa iye, wosamala kwambiri pa nkhani za ndalama. Koma chisangalalo cha zilandiridwenso, chikhulupiriro m'moyo, chikondi kwa anthu mwanjira ina adamukweza pamwamba pa mawu opusa a tsiku ndi tsiku. Munthu wodzichepetsa, wolimbikira, wachifundo, woimba nyimbo komanso wolemba ndakatulo mwachilengedwe - umu ndi momwe adalowa m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe chathu cha nyimbo.

O. Averyanova