Ivan Danilovich Zhadan (Ivan Zhadan) |

Ivan Zhadan

ZOTSATIRA ZAKE! Ivan Zhadan ndi moyo wake awiri

Ngati mufunsa wokonda opera zomwe tenors adawala pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre mu 30s, yankho lidzakhala lodziwikiratu - Lemeshev ndi Kozlovsky. Munali m’zaka zimenezi pamene nyenyezi yawo inatuluka. Ndingayesere kunena kuti panali woyimba wina yemwe luso lake silinali lotsika kuposa anthu odziwika bwino aluso la Soviet opera. Ndipo m'njira zina, mwina, zinali zapamwamba! Dzina lake ndi Ivan Zhadan!

N’chifukwa chiyani sichidziwika bwino, sichinaphatikizidwe m’mabuku ndi m’mabuku onena za mbiri ya zisudzo, odziwika ndi akatswiri okha? Yankho lidzakhala nkhani ya moyo wa munthu uyu yomwe yakhazikitsidwa apa.

Ivan Danilovich Zhadan anabadwa September 22, 1902 mu mzinda Chiyukireniya Lugansk m'banja la katiriji fakitale wantchito. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 9 ankakhala kumudzi kumene makolo ake anamutumiza kukaphunzira ntchito yosula zitsulo. Kale mu ubwana, chikondi cha Ivan pa kuimba chinaonekera. Iye ankakonda kuyimba mu kwaya ya tchalitchi, pa maukwati. Ali ndi zaka 13, mnyamatayo akubwerera kunyumba ndi kukagwira ntchito pafakitale ya atate wake. Anagwira ntchito kuno mpaka 1923. Mu 1920, panthawi ya maphunziro a usilikali, Ivan anali mtsogoleri wa gululo. Anzake adamulangiza kuti alowe nawo gulu la mawu. Apa m'magawo a zisudzo adapangidwa. Pa rehearsal "Eugene Onegin", kumene Ivan anachita mbali ya Lenski, mnyamata anakumana mkazi wake wam'tsogolo Olga, amene ankaimbanso udindo wa Olga Larina (mwangozi). Mu 1923, talente ya Zhadan idawonedwa, ndipo bungwe lazamalonda linamutumiza kukaphunzira ku Moscow. Ku likulu, Ivan adalowa ku Musical College ku Conservatory, komwe adakhala wophunzira wa woimba wotchuka M. Deisha-Sionitskaya, ndipo kenako adasamutsidwa ku kalasi ya Pulofesa EE Egorov. Moyo mu hostel unali wovuta, panalibe ndalama zokwanira, ndipo wophunzira wamng'onoyo anakakamizika kugwira ntchito ngati wosula zitsulo, ndiyeno monga mphunzitsi wa Air Force Academy, kumene mlengi wotchuka wa ndege AS Yakovlev anapita kwa ophunzira ake. Zhadan nthawi zonse ankanyadira tsamba ili la moyo wake. Mu 1926, Ivan anayamba kuitanidwa ku wailesi. Mu 1927 adalowa mu Opera situdiyo ya Bolshoi Theatre, motsogozedwa ndi KS Stanislavsky, yemwe adatha kuyamikira luso la woimbayo ndi "diction yake yabwino". Ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho woimbayo, atapambana mpikisanowo, adalembetsa ku Bolshoi Theatre.

Ntchito ya Ivan idakula bwino. Talente yanyimbo ya woimbayo, yemwe anali ndi timbre yokongola kwambiri, adawonedwa. Atachita bwino gawo loyamba la mlendo waku India, adapatsidwa gawo lalikulu la Sinodal mu Rubinstein's The Demon (1929).

Mu 1930 adachita nawo zisudzo zoyamba za opera ya A. Spendiarov Almast. Pamodzi ndi zisudzo mu zisudzo, wojambula mwakhama amayenda kuzungulira dziko, kulankhula ndi anthu ogwira ntchito. Iye amapereka zoimbaimba patronage mu asilikali, kuphatikizapo Far East, amene mu 1935 analandira kalata yaulemu kuchokera m'manja mwa Marshal V. Blucher. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala ndi moyo wanthawi zonse wa wojambula waku Soviet, wowoneka bwino komanso wopanda mitambo, wokhazikika. Amalandira makalata achidwi kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito ndi alimi ogwirizana. Palibe chimene chimachitira chithunzi mkuntho womwe ukubwera.

Zhadan ali ndi maudindo atsopano mu zisudzo. Maudindo a Lensky, Faust, Duke, Berendey ("Snow Maiden"), Yurodivy, Vladimir Dubrovsky, Gerald ("Lakme"), Almaviva ("The Barber of Seville") amawonekera mu repertoire yake.

Ndi gulu la oimba a Soviet (V. Barsova, M. Maksakova, P. Nortsov, A. Pirogov ndi ena), mu 1935 anapita ku Turkey. Nyuzipepala ya ku Turkey ili ndi mayankho okhudzidwa ndi woimbayo. Purezidenti woyamba wa Turkey, M. Ataturk, adakondwera ndi luso lake, akupereka woimbayo pa imodzi mwa maphwando ndi nkhani yake ya ndudu yagolide, yomwe Zhadan adasunga ngati chotsalira chapadera.

Ulemerero umabwera kwa wojambula. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa otsogolera soloist a Bolshoi Theatre. Amachita mobwerezabwereza ku Kremlin. Stalin mwiniwake ankamukonda, anamupempha kuti achite izi kapena ntchitoyo. Ngakhale zonsezi, Zhadan anali wosavuta kusamalira, ankakonda ndi kukumbukira anthu a m'dziko lawo, kuwaitanira ku zisudzo zake. Pamwamba pa ntchito ya woimbayo inafika mu 1937. M'masiku a Pushkin, akuitanidwa paulendo wopita ku Riga. Woimbayo ataimba udindo wa Lensky, holoyo inamukweza mosalekeza. Maulendowa anali osangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti Zhadan adafunsidwa kuti awawonjezere komanso kuchita nawo ku Faust ndi Rigoletto. Popeza panalibe zovala za maudindo amenewa, kazembe wa Soviet ku Latvia anatumiza ndege yapadera ku Moscow (nkhani yodabwitsa kwa zaka zimenezo), ndipo anaperekedwa ku Riga.

Ndikoyenera kukumbukira, komabe, kuti ichi sichinali chaka china cha kupambana ndi kupindula. Munali 1937! Choyamba, kazembe ku Latvia mbisoweka kwinakwake (zikuoneka kuti zinali zoopsa kudabwa zaka zimenezo), ndiye bwenzi Zhadan, mkulu wa Bolshoi Theatre VI Mutnykh anamangidwa. Zinthu zinayamba kukhwima. Ulendo wokonzekera woimbayo ku Lithuania ndi Estonia unathetsedwa. Iye sanaitanidwenso ku Kremlin. Ndiyenera kunena kuti Ivan Danilovich sanali m'gulu la anthu omwe ankafuna kuti agwirizane ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu, koma adatenga kuchotsedwa ku Kremlin mopweteka. Icho chinali chizindikiro choipa. Ena anamutsatira: iye analandira otsika konsati mlingo, mu zisudzo anatsala ndi mbali Lensky ndi Sinodal. Chinachake chasweka mu "makina" abwino kwambiriwa. Kugwa kunali kubwera. Pamwamba pa izo, ndinayenera kuchitidwa opareshoni ndi kuchotsa matani. Patapita chaka chete (pamene ambiri kutha kwa woimba), Zhadan kachiwiri mwanzeru amachita monga Lensky. Aliyense adawona mitundu yatsopano, yozama komanso yochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mawu ake.

N'zovuta kunena zomwe zidzachitikire wojambulayo kenako, koma nkhondoyo inalowererapo. Moyo mu Bryusovsky Lane pamwamba pa chipinda chapamwamba, kumene nyumba ya woimbayo inali, inakhala yoopsa. Zoyatsira zopanda malire zinagwera padenga pomwe mfuti yotsutsa ndege idayikidwa. Ivan Danilovich ndi ana ake sanatope kuwaponya pabwalo. Posakhalitsa mwana wamkulu anatengedwa usilikali, ndipo banja lonse anasamukira ku dacha mu Manikhino, kumene woimba anamanga nyumba ndi manja ake. Ankaganiza kuti kukakhala bwino kuno. Amisiri ambiri ankakhala kumalo amenewa. Pamalo a Zhadan anakumba ngalande. Zinali zosavuta kuthawa zipolopolo mmenemo. Panthawi imodzi mwa njira zofulumira za Ajeremani, njira yopita ku Moscow inaduka. Ndipo posakhalitsa adaniwo adawonekera m'mudzimo. Ivan Danilovich adakumbukira momwe zidachitikira:

• Manihino anagwidwa ndi Ajeremani. Panali ambiri a ife, soloists wa Bolshoi Theatre, ndiye. Choncho, msilikali wina analowa m'nyumba mwanga, kumene woperekeza yemwe ankadziwa bwino Chijeremani, baritone Volkov ndi amisiri ena angapo anali nane panthawiyo. "Iwo ndi ndani?" Adafunsa mwaukali. “Ojambula,” woimba piyano wamanthayo anang’ung’udza mpaka kufa. Wapolisiyo anaganiza kwa kamphindi, kenako nkhope yake inawala. "Kodi mutha kusewera Wagner?" Volkov adagwedeza mutu wake motsimikiza ...

Zinthu zinali zopanda chiyembekezo. Zhadan ankadziwa momwe bwenzi lake lapamtima A. Pirogov anaimbidwa mlandu kuti sanachoke ku Moscow kupita ku Kuibyshev. Ndani ankasamalira mkazi wake wodwala? Pokhapokha pamene milandu inayamba kuopseza (anayamba kunena kuti Pirogov anali kuyembekezera Ajeremani), woimbayo anakakamizika kusamuka ndi mkazi wake wodwala kwambiri. Ndipo apa - kukhala m'gawo lolandidwa! Ivan Danilovich sanali munthu wosazindikira. Iye ankadziwa kuti izo zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi - msasa (chabwino). Ndipo iye, mkazi wake ndi mwana wamng'ono, pamodzi ndi gulu la amisiri (anthu 13) kusankha kuchoka ndi Ajeremani. Iye anali wolondola chotani nanga! (ngakhale ndinaphunzira zambiri pambuyo pake). Apongozi ake azaka 68, omwe sanayese kupita nawo, adathamangitsidwa ku Krasnoyarsk Territory. Chomwecho chinali kuyembekezera mwana wamkulu, yemwe adatsitsimutsidwa mu 1953.

"Wachiwiri" moyo wa wojambula anayamba. Kuyendayenda ndi Ajeremani, njala ndi kuzizira, kukayikira za ukazitape, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti aphedwe. Kupulumutsidwa kokha ndi luso loimba - Ajeremani ankakonda nyimbo zachikale. Ndipo, potsiriza, gawo la ntchito ku America, kumene woimbayo ndi banja lake anatha pa nthawi ya kugonja kwa Germany. Koma masiku oipawo sanathere pamenepo. Aliyense akudziwa kuti chifukwa cha zofuna zina ndale, ogwirizana anagwirizana ndi Stalin pa extradition anthu onse othawa kwawo. Zinali zomvetsa chisoni. Anthu ankawakakamiza kuti aphedwe kapena kundende ndi nthumwi za ulamuliro wa demokalase wa Kumadzulo umene unali wonyada. Zhadan ndi mkazi wake anakakamizika kubisala, kukhala padera, kusintha mayina awo omaliza, monga ntchito yapadera Soviet ankasakanso opanduka.

Ndiyeno kutembenukira kwina lakuthwa akubwera mu tsoka la Ivan Danilovich. Amakumana ndi American Doris wamng'ono (anali ndi zaka 23). Anayamba kukondana. Panthawiyi, mkazi wa Zhadan, Olga, akudwala kwambiri, ndipo dokotala wa ku Germany anamupanga opaleshoni yovuta kwambiri. Doris, chifukwa kugwirizana ndi anzawo a Mlembi wa boma US, amalowerera kuzembetsa Ivan Danilovich, ndiyeno mkazi wake, ku America. Atachira, mkazi akupereka chisudzulo kwa Zhadan. Chilichonse chimachitika mwamtendere, mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake Olga amakhalabe bwenzi la Ivan. Amatha kumuona ku Poland (kumene mlongo wake ankakhala kuyambira 1919) pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu, ndipo mu 1976 mpaka kukacheza naye ku Moscow. Olga Nikiforovna anamwalira ku USA mu 1983.

Ivan Danilovich sanapambane mu ntchito yake yoimba ku America. Pali zifukwa zambiri. Mayesero amene anakumana nawo, ndipo ngakhale zaka 50 zakubadwa, sizinathandizepo. Komanso, iye anali mlendo m’dzikoli. Anakwanitsa, komabe, kawiri (mothandizidwa ndi mkazi wake wamng'ono Doris) kupereka makonsati ku Carnegie Hall. Masewerowa anali opambana kwambiri, adalembedwa pamarekodi, koma sanapitirize. The American impresario sanali kwa iye.

Maloto a Ivan Danilovich anali kukhazikika m'dera lofunda panyanja. Ndipo anakwaniritsa maloto ake pothaŵira pachilumba chaching’ono cha St. John ku Caribbean, kumene kumakhala anthu 1000 okha (ambiri akuda). Apa luso lantchito la unyamata wake linafika pothandiza. Anagwira ntchito yomanga njerwa pa imodzi mwa makampani a Rockefeller, kusunga ndalama zogulira malo ake. Atapeza malo ndikuchidziwa ndi manja ake, Zhadan adamangapo nyumba zingapo, zomwe adabwereka kwa alendo ochokera ku America ndi ku Ulaya. Sizinganenedwe kuti sanali kudziwika konse Kumadzulo. Anali ndi anzake, kuphatikizapo anthu otchuka. Anachezeredwa ndi Purezidenti wa Finland M. Koivisto. amene adayimba nawo duet mu Russian "Black Eyes" ndi nyimbo zina.

Iye sankayembekezera kuti adzapitako ku dziko lakwawo. Koma choikidwiratu chinanenanso mosiyana. Nthawi zatsopano zayamba ku Russia. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, kukhudzana ndi mwana wake kunatheka. Mu 1990, adakumbukiranso Ivan Danilovich. Pulogalamu ya iye inaulutsidwa pa TV (inakhala ndi Svyatoslav Belza). Ndipo, potsiriza, patapita theka la zaka, Ivan Danilovich Zhadan anatha kuponda pa dziko lakwawo kachiwiri, kukumbatira mwana wake. Izi zinachitika mu August 1992, madzulo a kubadwa kwa wojambula 90. Anaphunzira kuti anzake ambiri sanaiwale, anathandiza mwana wawo mu zaka zovuta (mwachitsanzo, woimba Vera Davydova, amene anali wotanganidwa mu zaka Stalin za chilolezo chake okhala Moscow). Ndipo mwanayo, atafunsidwa ngati amanyoza atate wake kwa zaka zimene anakhala ku ukapolo, anayankha kuti: “Ndimupenenji? Anakakamizika kuchoka kudziko lakwawo chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe palibe amene angafotokoze ... Kodi anapha munthu, kupereka munthu? Ayi, ndiribe kanthu koti ndinyoze bambo anga. Ndimamunyadira” (zokambirana za 1994 mu nyuzipepala ya Trud).

February 15, 1995, ali ndi zaka 93, Ivan Danilovich Zhadan anamwalira.

E. Tsodokov