Josef Krips |

Joseph Krips

"Ndinabadwira ku Vienna, ndinakulira kumeneko, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimakopeka ndi mzinda uno, momwe mtima wadziko lonse umandikulira," akutero Josef Krips. Ndipo mawu awa sikuti amangofotokoza zowona za mbiri yake, amakhala ngati chinsinsi cha chithunzi chaluso cha woimba wodziwika bwino. Krips ali ndi ufulu wonena kuti: “Kulikonse kumene ndimaimba, amandiona monga wotsogolera nyimbo wa ku Viennese, wochititsa munthu kupanga nyimbo za ku Viennese. Ndipo izi zimayamikiridwa komanso kukondedwa kulikonse. ”

Omvera a pafupifupi mayiko onse a ku Ulaya ndi America, amene kamodzi anakumana ndi yowutsa mudyo, mokondwera, wokongola luso, amadziwa Krips ngati korona weniweni, kuledzera ndi nyimbo, mwachidwi ndi kukopa omvera. Krips poyamba ndi woimba ndipo kenaka ndi kondakitala. Kufotokozera nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri kwa iye kuposa kulondola, kukopa ndikwapamwamba kuposa malingaliro okhwima. Nzosadabwitsa kuti ali ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa: "Kuzindikiridwa ndi wotsogolera wa kotala kumatanthauza kufa kwa nyimbo zonse."

Katswiri wina wanyimbo wa ku Austria, A. Viteshnik akupereka chithunzi chotsatirachi cha wotsogolera nyimboyo: “Josef Krips ndi wochititsa chidwi amene amadzipereka mopanda chifundo popanga nyimbo. Ichi ndi gulu lamphamvu, lomwe nthawi zonse ndi chilakolako chonse chimasewera nyimbo ndi moyo wake wonse; amene amafika kuntchito popanda kukhudzidwa kapena machitidwe, koma mopupuluma, motsimikiza, ndi sewero logwira mtima. Osakonda kusinkhasinkha kwautali, osalemedwa ndi zovuta zamalembedwe, osavutitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tating'onoting'ono, koma kuyesetsa mosalekeza kuti akwaniritse zonse, amayambitsa nyimbo zapadera. Osati nyenyezi ya console, osati wotsogolera omvera. "Zovala zamtundu uliwonse" zimakhala zachilendo kwa iye. Sadzawongolera maonekedwe ake a nkhope kapena manja akuyang'ana pagalasi. Njira yanyimbo imawonekera bwino pankhope yake kotero kuti malingaliro onse amisonkhano amachotsedwa. Mopanda dyera, ndi mphamvu yachiwawa, mwaukali, ndi manja otambasuka, ndi mtima wosatsutsika, amatsogolera gulu la oimba kupyola ntchito zomwe akukumana nazo ndi chitsanzo chake. Osati wojambula komanso osati woimba nyimbo, koma woimba wamkulu yemwe amasokoneza ndi kudzoza kwake. Akakweza ndodo yake, mtunda uliwonse pakati pa iye ndi wolemba nyimbo umasowa. Krips samakwera pamwamba pa mphambu - amalowera kuya kwake. Amaimba ndi oimba, amaimba ndi oimba, komabe ali ndi mphamvu zonse pakuchitapo kanthu.”

Tsogolo la Krips ngati woyendetsa silikhala lopanda mitambo monga luso lake. Chiyambi chake chinali chosangalatsa - ali mnyamata adawonetsa luso loimba koyambirira, kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi adayamba kuphunzira nyimbo, kuyambira khumi adayimba kwaya ya tchalitchi, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi anali wopambana pakuyimba violin, viola, ndi piyano. Kenako anaphunzira ku Vienna Academy of Music motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi monga E. Mandishevsky ndi F. Weingartner; atagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri ngati woyimba violini m'gulu la oimba, adakhala mtsogoleri wa kwaya ya Vienna State Opera ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi adayimilira pachitonthozo chake kuti azitsogolera Verdi's Un ballo mu maschera.

Krips anali mofulumira kusamukira ku malo otchuka kwambiri: anatsogolera nyumba za zisudzo ku Dortmund ndi Karlsruhe ndipo kale mu 1933 anakhala wochititsa woyamba pa Vienna State Opera ndipo analandira kalasi pa alma mater wake, Academy of Music. Koma panthaŵiyo, dziko la Austria linali m’manja mwa chipani cha Nazi, ndipo woimbayo wopita patsogolo anakakamizika kusiya ntchito yake. Anasamukira ku Belgrade, koma posakhalitsa dzanja la Hitlerism linamupeza kuno. Krips adaletsedwa kuchita. Anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri choyamba monga kalaliki ndiyeno monga wosunga sitolo. Zinkawoneka kuti zonse zatha ndikuchita. Koma Krips sanaiwale ntchito yake, ndi Viennese sanaiwale woimba wawo wokondedwa.

Pa April 10, 1945, asilikali a Soviet anamasula Vienna. Nkhondo isanathe ku Austria, Krips analinso pamalo a kondakitala. Pa Meyi 1, amayang'anira sewero laulemu la The Marriage of Figaro ku Volksoper, motsogozedwa ndi makonsati a Musikverein ayambiranso pa Seputembara 16, Vienna State Opera akuyamba ntchito yake pa Okutobala 6 ndi sewero la Fidelio, ndipo pa Okutobala 14. nyengo ya konsati imatsegulidwa ku Vienna Philharmonic! M'zaka izi, Krips amatchedwa "mngelo wabwino wa moyo wanyimbo wa Viennese".

Posakhalitsa, Josef Krips anapita ku Moscow ndi ku Leningrad. Ambiri mwa makonsati ake anali ndi ntchito za Beethoven ndi Tchaikovsky, Bruckner ndi Shostakovich, Schubert ndi Khachaturian, Wagner ndi Mozart; wojambulayo adapereka madzulo onse kumasewera a Strauss waltzes. Kuchita bwino ku Moscow kunali chiyambi cha kutchuka kwa Crips padziko lonse lapansi. Anaitanidwa kukaimba ku USA. Koma wojambulayo atawuluka panyanja, adamangidwa ndi akuluakulu olowa ndi kulowa m'dzikolo ndikumuyika pachilumba chodziwika bwino cha Ellis Island. Patatha masiku awiri, adapemphedwa kuti abwerere ku Ulaya: sanafune kupereka visa yolowera kwa wojambula wotchuka, yemwe adangopita ku USSR. Potsutsa kusalowererapo kwa boma la Austria, Krips sanabwerere ku Vienna, koma anakhalabe ku England. Kwa nthawi ndithu, iye anatsogolera London Symphony Orchestra. Pambuyo pake, wokonda adapeza mwayi woimba ku USA, komwe adalandiridwa mwachikondi ndi anthu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Krips watsogolera oimba ku Buffalo ndi San Francisco. Wotsogolera nthawi zonse ankayendera ku Ulaya, akuchititsa makonsati ndi zisudzo nthawi zonse ku Vienna.

Krips amaonedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa otanthauzira bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a Mozart. Zomwe anachita ku Vienna za zisudzo za Don Giovanni, The Abduction from the Seraglio, The Marriage of Figaro, ndi nyimbo zake zojambulidwa za Mozart ndi nyimbo zoimbaimba zimatitsimikizira za chilungamo cha lingaliro limeneli. Malo osafunikira kwenikweni mu repertoire yake adakhala ndi Bruckner, ma symphonies angapo omwe adachita koyamba kunja kwa Austria. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyimbo yake ndi yotakata kwambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo nthawi ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku Bach kupita kwa olemba amakono.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969