Kathleen Ferrier (Ferrier) |

Kathleen Ferrier

VV Timokhin akulemba kuti: “Kathleen Ferrier anali ndi liwu limodzi labwino kwambiri la m’zaka za zana lathu. Anali ndi contralto weniweni, wosiyana ndi kutentha kwapadera ndi kamvekedwe ka velvety mu kaundula wapansi. M’gulu lonselo, mawu a woimbayo ankamveka bwino komanso ofewa. M'mawu ake omwe, mu chikhalidwe cha phokoso, panali sewero "loyambirira" lapamwamba komanso lamkati. Nthawi zina mawu ochepa omwe woimbayo adayimba anali okwanira kupanga mwa omvera lingaliro la chithunzi chodzaza ndi chisoni chachikulu komanso kuphweka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ndi mawu okhudza mtima awa kuti zambiri mwazojambula zodabwitsa za woimbayo zimathetsedwa.

Kathleen Mary Ferrier anabadwa April 22, 1912 m'tauni ya Haiger Walton (Lancashire), kumpoto kwa England. Makolo ake okha ankaimba mu kwaya ndipo kuyambira ali wamng'ono anaphunzitsa mtsikana kukonda nyimbo. Ku Blackburn High School, komwe Kathleen adaphunzira, adaphunziranso kuyimba piyano, kuyimba kwaya, komanso adaphunzira maphunziro oyambira nyimbo. Zimenezi zinamuthandiza kuti apambane mpikisano wa oimba achichepere, womwe unachitikira m’tauni yapafupi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, adalandira mphotho ziwiri zoyamba nthawi imodzi - kuyimba komanso kuyimba piyano.

Komabe, kusauka kwachuma kwa makolo ake kunapangitsa kuti kwa zaka zingapo Kathleen agwire ntchito ngati woyendetsa telefoni. Pokhapokha pa zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu (!) Iye anayamba kuphunzira kuimba Blackburn. Pa nthawiyo n’kuti nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba. Choncho zisudzo woyamba woimba anali mu mafakitale ndi zipatala, pa malo a magulu asilikali.

Kathleen adayimba ndi nyimbo zachingerezi, komanso bwino kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo anam’konda kwambiri: kukongola kwa mawu ake ndi kachitidwe kopanda luso zinakopa omvera. Nthawi zina woyimba wofuna kuitanidwa ankaitanidwa ku makonsati enieni, ndi oimba akatswiri. Chimodzi mwa ziwonetserozi chinachitiridwa umboni ndi wotsogolera wotchuka Malcolm Sargent. Iye analimbikitsa woimba wamng'ono kwa utsogoleri wa London konsati bungwe.

Mu December 1942, Ferrier anaonekera ku London, kumene anaphunzira ndi woimba wotchuka ndi mphunzitsi Roy Henderson. Posakhalitsa anayamba zisudzo zake. Kathleen wayimba yekha yekha komanso ndi makwaya otsogola a Chingerezi. Ndi omalizawa, adachita oratorios ndi Handel ndi Mendelssohn, mosasamala ndi Bach. Mu 1943, Ferrière adayamba kukhala katswiri woimba mu Handel's Messiah.

Mu 1946, woimba anakumana ndi wopeka Benjamin Britten, amene dzina pa milomo ya oimba onse a dziko pambuyo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wa opera wake Peter Grimes. Britten anali akugwira ntchito ya opera yatsopano, The Lamentation of Lucretia, ndipo anali atafotokoza kale za oimbawo. Phwando lokha la heroine - Lucretia, chiwonetsero cha chiyero, fragility ndi kusatetezeka kwa moyo wa mkazi, kwa nthawi yaitali sanayerekeze kupereka aliyense. Pomaliza, Britten adakumbukira Ferrière, woyimba wa contralto yemwe adamva chaka chapitacho.

The Lament of Lucretia inayamba pa July 12, 1946, pa Chikondwerero choyamba cha Glyndebourne pambuyo pa nkhondo. Sewerolo linali lopambana. Pambuyo pake, gulu la Glyndebourne Phwando, lomwe linaphatikizapo Kathleen Ferrier, lidachita maulendo oposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko. Choncho dzina la woimbayo linadziwika kwambiri pakati pa omvera achingelezi.

Patatha chaka chimodzi, Chikondwerero cha Glyndebourne chinatsegulidwanso ndi nyimbo za opera zomwe zinali ndi Ferrière, nthawi ino ndi Gluck's Orpheus ndi Eurydice.

Magawo a Lucretia ndi Orpheus adachepetsa ntchito ya opareshoni ya Ferrier. Mbali ya Orpheus ndi ntchito yokhayo ya wojambula yomwe inatsagana naye mu moyo wake waufupi waluso. "Mu sewero lake, woimbayo adabweretsa mawonekedwe omveka," akutero VV Timokhin. - Mawu a wojambulayo adanyezimira ndi mitundu yambiri - matte, osakhwima, owonekera, okhuthala. Njira yake yopita ku aria wotchuka "Ndinataya Eurydice" (chochita chachitatu) ndi chisonyezero. Kwa oimba ena (ndikokwanira kukumbukira pankhaniyi womasulira wodabwitsa wa gawo la Orpheus pa siteji ya ku Germany, Margaret Klose), aria iyi ikumveka ngati Largo wachisoni, wowala kwambiri. Ferrier imapangitsa kuti ikhale yopupuluma kwambiri, ifulumizitsa kwambiri, ndipo aria mwiniwakeyo amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri - osati kukongola kwaubusa, koma mwachidwi ... ".

Pambuyo pa chimodzi mwa zisudzo, poyankha kutamandidwa kwa wosilira talente yake, Ferrier adati: "Inde, gawo ili lili pafupi kwambiri ndi ine. Kuti mupereke zonse zomwe muyenera kumenyera chikondi chanu - monga munthu komanso wojambula, ndikumva kukhala wokonzeka nthawi zonse pa sitepe iyi.

Koma woimbayo adakopeka kwambiri ndi siteji ya konsati. Mu 1947, pa Chikondwerero cha Edinburgh, adaimba nyimbo ya Mahler ya symphony-cantata The Song of the Earth. Yopangidwa ndi Bruno Walter. Kuimba kwa symphony kunakhala kosangalatsa pamwambowo.

Kawirikawiri, kutanthauzira kwa Ferrier kwa ntchito za Mahler kunali tsamba lochititsa chidwi m'mbiri ya luso lamakono la mawu. VV amalemba za izi momveka bwino komanso modabwitsa. Timokhin:

"Zikuwoneka kuti chisoni cha Mahler, chifundo kwa ngwazi zake zidapeza yankho lapadera mu mtima wa woimbayo ...

Ferrier akumva modabwitsa modabwitsa chiyambi chazithunzi komanso chithunzi cha nyimbo za Mahler. Koma kujambula kwake kwa mawu sikuli kokongola kokha, kumatenthedwa ndi mawu otentha a kutenga nawo mbali, chifundo chaumunthu. Kuyimba kwa woyimbayo sikukhazikika mu dongosolo losasunthika, lokondana ndi chipinda, amajambula ndi chisangalalo chanyimbo, kuunika kwa ndakatulo.

Kuyambira pamenepo, Walter ndi Ferrier akhala mabwenzi apamtima ndipo nthawi zambiri amachitira limodzi. Wotsogolera adawona Ferrière "m'modzi mwa oimba akulu kwambiri m'badwo wathu". Ndi Walter ngati woyimba piyano-wothandizira, wojambulayo adaimba nyimbo payekha pa Chikondwerero cha Edinburgh cha 1949, adayimba pa Chikondwerero cha Salzburg cha chaka chomwecho, ndipo adachita pa Chikondwerero cha Edinburgh cha 1950 ku Brahms 'Rhapsody for Mezzo-Soprano.

Ndi kondakitala uyu, Ferrier anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake mu January 1948 pa nthaka American mu symphony yomweyo "Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi". Pambuyo pa konsati ku New York, otsutsa nyimbo zabwino kwambiri ku United States adayankhira koyambirira kwa wojambulayo ndi ndemanga zokondweretsa.

Wojambulayo adapitako ku United States kawiri paulendo wake. Mu March 1949, konsati yake yoyamba payekha inachitika ku New York. M'chaka chomwecho, Ferrier adachita ku Canada ndi Cuba. Nthawi zambiri woimbayo anachita m'mayiko Scandinavia. Makonsati ake ku Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm akhala akuyenda bwino nthawi zonse.

Ferrier nthawi zambiri ankachita pa Dutch Music Festival. Pa chikondwerero choyamba, mu 1948, iye anaimba "Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi", ndipo pa zikondwerero za 1949 ndi 1951 anachita gawo la Orpheus, zomwe zinachititsa chidwi chogwirizana kuchokera kwa anthu ndi atolankhani. Ku Holland, mu July 1949, ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa woimbayo, kunachitika koyamba padziko lonse la Britten "Spring Symphony". Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, zolemba zoyamba za Ferrier zidawonekera. Mu discography ya woimbayo, malo ofunika kwambiri ndi zojambula za nyimbo zachingerezi zachingerezi, chikondi chomwe adachichita pa moyo wake wonse.

Mu June 1950, woimbayo anatenga gawo mu International Bach Festival ku Vienna. Sewero loyamba la Ferrière pamaso pa anthu akumaloko linali mu Matthew Passion ku Musikverein ku Vienna.

"Zodziwika bwino za luso la Ferrier - ulemu wapamwamba komanso kuphweka kwanzeru - ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'matanthauzidwe ake a Bach, odzaza ndi kuzama komanso kuunika," akulemba VV Timokhin. - Ferrier amamva bwino kwambiri kukulira kwa nyimbo za Bach, tanthauzo lake lafilosofi komanso kukongola kopambana. Ndi kuchuluka kwa phale la mawu ake, amakongoletsa mawu a Bach, amamupatsa "multicolor" yodabwitsa, ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, "voluminous" yamalingaliro. Mawu aliwonse a Ferrier amalimbikitsidwa ndi kumverera kwachangu - zowonadi, alibe mawonekedwe omasuka achikondi. Mawu a woimbayo amakhala oletsedwa nthawi zonse, koma pali khalidwe limodzi lochititsa chidwi mwa iye - kuchuluka kwa malingaliro amaganizo, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pa nyimbo za Bach. Pamene Ferrier akufotokoza mkhalidwe wachisoni m’mawu ake, womvetsera samasiya lingaliro lakuti mbewu ya mkangano waukulu ikucha m’matumbo ake. Momwemonso, kumva kowala, kosangalatsa, kokwezeka kwa woimbayo kuli ndi "mawonekedwe" ake - kunjenjemera kodetsa nkhawa, kunjenjemera, kuchita zinthu mopupuluma.

Mu 1952, likulu la Austria lidalandira Ferrier atachita bwino kwambiri gawo la mezzo-soprano mu Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, woimbayo adadziwa kale kuti akudwala kwambiri, mphamvu ya ntchito yake yojambula inali yochepa kwambiri.

Mu February 1953, woimbayo anapeza mphamvu kuti abwerere ku siteji ya Covent Garden Theatre, kumene Orpheus wokondedwa wake anachita. Anachita zisudzo ziwiri zokha mwa zinayi zomwe adakonzekera, koma, ngakhale anali kudwala, anali wanzeru monga nthawi zonse.

Mwachitsanzo, wotsutsa Winton Dean analemba m’magazini ya Opera ponena za sewero loyamba pa February 3, 1953 kuti: “Kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mawu ake, nyimbo zake zapamwamba ndiponso chidwi chochititsa chidwi zinathandiza woimbayo kukhala ndi tanthauzo lenileni la nthano ya Orpheus. chisoni cha kutayika kwaumunthu ndi mphamvu zogonjetsa zonse za nyimbo. Maonekedwe a siteji ya Ferrier, nthawi zonse amafotokozera modabwitsa, anali ochititsa chidwi kwambiri nthawi ino. Pazonse, chinali chiwonetsero cha kukongola kochititsa chidwi ndi kukhudza mtima kotero kuti adagonjetsa anzake onse.

Kalanga, pa October 8, 1953, Ferrier anamwalira.