Fyodor Volkov |

Fyodor Volkov

Russian wosewera ndi wotsogolera, ankaona kuti woyambitsa wa zisudzo woyamba anthu mu Russia.

Fedor Volkov anabadwa pa February 9, 1729 ku Kostroma, ndipo anamwalira pa April 4, 1763 ku Moscow chifukwa cha matenda. Bambo ake anali wamalonda ku Kostroma, amene anamwalira ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Mu 1735, mayi ake anakwatiwa ndi wamalonda Polushnikov, amene anakhala wosamalira Fyodor wopeza. Pamene Fedor anali ndi zaka 12, anatumizidwa ku Moscow kuti akaphunzire bizinesi ya mafakitale. Kumeneko mnyamatayo anaphunzira Chijeremani, chimene pambuyo pake anachidziŵa bwino kwambiri. Kenako anachita chidwi ndi zisudzo za ophunzira a Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Novikov analankhula za mnyamata uyu ngati wophunzira wakhama komanso wakhama, makamaka wokonda sayansi ndi zaluso: "anali wokonda kwambiri ... ndi chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi zaluso."

Mu 1746, Volkov anabwera ku St. Petersburg pa bizinesi, koma sanasiye chilakolako chake. Makamaka, amanena kuti kuyendera bwalo la zisudzo kunamukhudza kwambiri moti pazaka ziwiri zotsatira mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzira za zisudzo ndi zisudzo. Mu 1748, bambo Fyodor anamwalira, ndipo analandira mafakitale, koma moyo wa mnyamatayo unagona kwambiri m'munda wa zojambulajambula kusiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mafakitale, ndipo posakhalitsa Fyodor anapereka nkhani zonse kwa m'bale wake, anaganiza zodzipereka ku zisudzo. ntchito.

Ku Yaroslavl, adasonkhanitsa mabwenzi mozungulira iye - okonda zisudzo, ndipo posakhalitsa gulu lokhazikitsidwali linapereka ntchito yake yoyamba ya zisudzo. Kuwonetserako kunachitika pa July 10, 1750 m'nkhokwe yakale yomwe wamalonda Polushkin ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Volkov adapanga sewerolo "Estere" mu kumasulira kwake. Chaka chotsatira, nyumba ya zisudzo yamatabwa inamangidwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Volga, womwe unali ndi gulu la Volkov. Kubadwa kwa zisudzo latsopano kudadziwika ndi kupanga sewero la AP Sumarokov "Khorev". Mu Volkov Theatre, kuwonjezera pa iye, abale ake Grigory ndi Gavrila, "akalaliki" Ivan Ikonnikov ndi Yakov Popov, "tchalitchi" Ivan Dmitrevsky, "oyang'anira" Semyon Kuklin ndi Alexei Popov, wometa Yakov Shumsky, anthu a m'tauni Semyon Skachkov. ndipo Demyan Galik adasewera . Inalidi bwalo loyamba la zisudzo ku Russia.

Mphekesera za Volkov Theatre zinafika ku St. , ndi amene akuwafunabe pa izi, bweretsani ku St. Posakhalitsa Volkov ndi zisudzo zake adasewera zisudzo zawo ku St. Nyimboyi inaphatikizapo: masoka a AP Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav ndi Truvor", komanso "Hamlet".

Mu 1756, Russian Theatre for Presentation of Tragedies and Comedy inakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya Imperial zisudzo mu Russia. Fyodor Volkov anasankhidwa "wosewera woyamba Russian", ndipo Alexander Sumarokov anakhala wotsogolera zisudzo (Volkov anatenga udindo uwu mu 1761).

Fedor Volkov sanali wosewera ndi womasulira, komanso wolemba masewero angapo. Zina mwa izo ndi "Khoti la Shemyakin", "Yeremey Aliyense Dzimvetsetseni", "Zosangalatsa za Anthu a ku Moscow za Maslenitsa" ndi ena - onsewa, mwatsoka, sanasungidwe mpaka lero. Volkov adalembanso nyimbo zaulemu, imodzi yomwe idaperekedwa kwa Peter Wamkulu, nyimbo (pali "Inu mukudutsa m'chipinda, wokondedwa" za amonke okakamizidwa ndi "Tiyeni, m'bale, tiyimbe nyimbo yakale, momwe anthu ankakhalira. m’zaka za zana loyamba” za m’zaka za m’mbuyomo za Golden Age ). Komanso, Volkov anali chinkhoswe mu mapangidwe ake - luso ndi nyimbo. Ndipo iye yekha ankaimba zosiyanasiyana zida zoimbira.

Udindo wa Volkov mu coup d'état umene unabweretsa Mfumukazi Catherine Wamkulu pampando wachifumu wa Russia ndi wodabwitsa. Pali mkangano wodziwika bwino pakati pa zisudzo ndi Peter III, amene anakana ntchito za Volkov monga wopeka ndi wotsogolera zisudzo pa Oranienbaum Theatre. Ndiye Peter akadali Mtsogoleri Wamkulu, koma ubale, mwachiwonekere, unawonongeka kwamuyaya. Pamene Catherine anakhala Mfumukazi, Fyodor Volkov analoledwa kulowa mu ofesi yake popanda lipoti, amene, ndithudi, analankhula za khalidwe lapadera la Mfumukazi "woyamba Russian wosewera".

Fedor Volkov adadziwonetsa yekha ngati wotsogolera. Makamaka, ndiye amene adachita chigoba cha "Triumphant Minerva" chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa ku Moscow mu 1763 polemekeza Catherine II. Inde, chithunzicho sichinasankhidwe mwangozi. Mkazi wamkazi wa nzeru ndi chilungamo, woyang'anira sayansi, zaluso ndi zamisiri anali munthu Mfumukazi yekha. Mu kupanga Fyodor Volkov anazindikira maloto ake a m'badwo golide, mmene zoipa zimathetsedwa ndipo chikhalidwe chikukula.

Komabe, ntchito imeneyi inali yomaliza. Chonyezimiracho chinatenga masiku atatu mu chisanu choopsa. Fedor Grigoryevich Volkov, amene anatenga mbali mu khalidwe lake, anadwala ndipo anamwalira pa April 3, 4.