Mandolin: zambiri, kapangidwe, mitundu, ntchito, mbiri, kusewera njira

Mandolin ndi amodzi mwa zida zodziwika bwino za zingwe zaku Europe, zomwe zidadziwikabe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Kodi mandolin ndi chiyani

Mtundu - chida choimbira cha zingwe. Ndi wa kalasi ya chordophones. Ndi wa banja la lute. Malo obadwirako chidacho ndi Italy. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu, koma yofala kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Neapolitan ndi Lombard.

Chida chipangizo

Thupi limagwira ntchito ngati resonator ndipo limamangiriridwa pakhosi. Thupi lotulutsa limatha kuwoneka ngati mbale kapena bokosi. Zitsanzo zachikhalidwe zaku Italy zili ndi thupi lofanana ndi peyala. Pafupifupi pakati pa mlanduwo, dzenje la phokoso limadulidwa. Chiwerengero cha zowawa pakhosi ndi 18.

Kumapeto kumodzi, zingwezo zimamangiriridwa ku chikhomo chowongolera pamwamba pa khosi. Zingwezo zimatambasulidwa pamtunda wonse wa khosi ndi phokoso la phokoso, ndikukhazikika pa chishalo. Chiwerengero cha zingwe ndi 8-12. Chingwecho nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Kukonzekera wamba ndi G3-D4-A4-E5.

Chifukwa cha mapangidwe apangidwe, mipata pakati pa kuwola kwa mawu omveka ndi yayifupi kusiyana ndi zida zina za zingwe. Izi zimathandiza oimba kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino njira ya tremolo - kubwereza mofulumira kwa cholemba chimodzi.

Mitundu ya mandolins

Odziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu iyi ya mandolin:

• Neapolitan. Nambala ya zingwe ndi 8. Amayimba ngati violin mogwirizana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zamaphunziro.
• Milanskaya. Zimasiyana pakuwonjezeka kwa zingwe mpaka 10. Zingwe ziwiri.
• Pikolo. Kusiyana kwake ndi kukula kochepa. Mtunda wochokera ku mtedza kupita ku mlatho ndi 24 cm.
• Octave mandolin. Dongosolo lapadera limapangitsa kuti limveke ngati octave yotsika kuposa ya Neapolitan. Kutalika kwa 50-58 cm.
• Mandocello. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake ndizofanana ndi gitala lachikale. Kutalika - 63-68 cm.
• Luta. Mtundu wosinthidwa wa Mandocello. Ili ndi zingwe zisanu.
• Mandobas. Chidacho chimaphatikiza mawonekedwe a mandolin ndi ma bass awiri. Kutalika - 110 cm. Chiwerengero cha zingwe 4-8.

Potsatira chitsanzo cha gitala lamagetsi, mandolin amagetsi adapangidwanso. Amadziwika ndi thupi lopanda phokoso komanso chojambula choyikidwa. Zitsanzo zina zimakhala ndi chingwe chowonjezera. Mitundu yotereyi imatchedwa mandolin amagetsi otalikirapo.

History

M'phanga la Trois-Freres, zojambula za miyala zasungidwa. Zithunzizi zidayamba cha m'ma 13 BC. Amasonyeza uta woimbira, chida choyamba chodziwika bwino cha zingwe. Kuchokera ku uta wanyimbo kunabwera chitukuko chowonjezereka cha zingwe. Ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe, azeze ndi azeze anawonekera. Chingwe chilichonse chinakhala ndi udindo wolemba manotsi. Kenako oimba anaphunzira kuimba dyadi ndi chords.

Lute adawonekera ku Mesopotamiya m'zaka za zana la XNUMX BC. Zoyimba zakale zidapangidwa m'mitundu iwiri - zazifupi komanso zazitali.

Nyimbo zakale za uta ndi lute ndi achibale akutali a mandolin. Izi zimapangitsa kuti lute isiyanitsidwe ndi kamangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri. Dziko lochokera ku mandolin ndi Italy. Kalambulabwalo wa maonekedwe ake anali kupangidwa kwa nyimbo ya soprano lute.

Mandolin adawonekera koyamba ku Italy ngati mandala. Pafupifupi nthawi yowonekera - zaka za XIV. Poyamba, chidacho chinkaonedwa ngati chitsanzo chatsopano cha lute. Chifukwa cha kusinthidwa kwina kwa mapangidwe, kusiyana ndi lute kunakhala kwakukulu. Mandala analandira khosi lalitali ndi sikelo yokulirapo. Kutalika kwa sikelo ndi 42 cm.

Ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti chidachi chidalandira mapangidwe ake amakono m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Oyambitsawo ndi banja la Vinacia la oimba a Neapolitan. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chidapangidwa ndi Antonio Vinacia kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Zoyambirira zimasungidwa ku UK Museum. Chida chofananacho chidapangidwanso ndi Giuseppe Vinacia.

Zopangidwa ndi banja la Vinaccia zimatchedwa Neapolitan mandolin. Zosiyana ndi zitsanzo zakale - mapangidwe abwino. Mtundu wa Neapolitan ukudziwika bwino chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Imayamba kupanga ma serial ku Europe. Pofuna kukonza chidacho, akatswiri oimba nyimbo ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana amatengedwa kukayesa kapangidwe kake. Chotsatira chake, a ku France amapanga chida chokhala ndi zovuta zowonongeka, ndipo mu Ufumu wa Russia amapanga chosiyana chokhala ndi mapepala apamwamba omwe amawongolera phokoso.

Ndi chitukuko cha nyimbo zodziwika bwino, kutchuka kwa mtundu wakale wa Neapolitan ukuchepa. M'zaka za m'ma 30, chitsanzo chokhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya chinafalikira pakati pa osewera a jazz ndi Celtic.

kugwiritsa

Mandolin ndi chida chamitundumitundu. Kutengera mtundu ndi wolemba, imatha kusewera payekha, kutsagana ndi kuphatikizira. Poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo za anthu komanso maphunziro. Zolemba zopeka ndi anthu zidalandira moyo wachiwiri pakubwera kwa nyimbo zamtundu wotchuka.

Gulu la nyimbo za rock ku Britain Led Zeppelin adagwiritsa ntchito mandolin pojambula nyimbo ya 1971 "The Battle of Evermore" pa chimbale chawo chachinayi. Gawo loyimba lidayimba ndi woyimba gitala Jimmy Page. Malingana ndi iye, poyamba adanyamula mandolin ndipo posakhalitsa adalemba nyimbo yaikulu ya nyimboyo.

American rock band REM inalemba nyimbo yawo yopambana kwambiri "Kutaya Chipembedzo Changa" mu 1991. Nyimboyi ndi yodziwika chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mandolin. Gawoli lidayimba ndi woyimba gitala Peter Buck. Zolembazo zidatenga malo a 4 pa Billboard yapamwamba ndipo adalandira mphotho zingapo za Grammy.

Gulu la Soviet ndi Russian "Aria" linagwiritsanso ntchito mandolin mu nyimbo zawo zina. Ritchie Blackmore wa Blackmore's Night amagwiritsa ntchito chidachi pafupipafupi.

Momwe mungasewere mandolin

Asanaphunzire kuimba mandolin, woyimba yemwe akufuna kuti aziimba ayenera kusankha mtundu womwe akufuna. Nyimbo zachikale zimayimbidwa ndi mitundu ya Neapolitan, pomwe mitundu ina imayimba nyimbo zotchuka.

Ndi mwambo kusewera mandolin ndi mkhalapakati. Zosankha zimasiyana kukula, makulidwe ndi zinthu. Kuchuluka kwa pick, m'pamenenso phokoso lidzakhala lolemera. Choyipa ndichakuti Seweroli ndizovuta kwa oyamba kumene. Zosankha zokhuthala zimafuna khama kuti zigwire.

Posewera, thupi limayikidwa pa mawondo ake. Khosi limapita mmwamba pa ngodya. Dzanja lamanzere ndi lomwe limayang'anira kugwira ma chords pa fretboard. Dzanja lamanja limatenga zolemba kuchokera ku zingwe ndi plectrum. Njira zakusewera zapamwamba zitha kuphunziridwa ndi mphunzitsi wanyimbo.