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Sarasate ndi yodabwitsa. Momwe violin yake imamvekera ndi momwe sichinayimbidwepo ndi aliyense. L. Auer

Woyimba violini wa ku Spain ndi woimba P. Sarasate anali woimira bwino kwambiri wa luso losatha, la virtuoso. "Paganini chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 8, mfumu ya luso la cadence, wojambula wonyezimira wa dzuwa," ndi zomwe Sarasate ankatchedwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake. Ngakhale anthu amene ankatsutsa kwambiri luso la zojambulajambula, I. Joachim ndi L. Auer, anagwada pamaso pa luso lake loimba. Sarasate anabadwira m'banja la mtsogoleri wa asilikali. Ulemerero unatsagana naye moonadi kuchokera ku masitepe oyambirira a ntchito yake yojambula. Kale ali ndi zaka XNUMX adapereka makonsati ake oyamba ku La Coruña kenako ku Madrid. Mfumukazi ya ku Spain Isabella, poyamikira talente ya woimba wamng'onoyo, adapatsa Sarasate ndi violin ya A. Stradivari ndipo anam'patsa mwayi wophunzira ku Paris Conservatory.

Chaka chimodzi chokha cha maphunziro mu kalasi ya D. Alar chinali chokwanira kuti woyimba violini wazaka khumi ndi zitatu kuti amalize maphunziro awo ku imodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri osungiramo zinthu padziko lapansi ndi mendulo ya golide. Komabe, akumva kufunikira kokulitsa chidziwitso chake cha nyimbo ndi zongopeka, adaphunzira zolemba zake kwa zaka ziwiri. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, Sarasate amapanga maulendo ambiri opita ku Europe ndi Asia. Kawiri (2-1867, 70-1889) anatenga ulendo waukulu wa konsati ku mayiko a North ndi South America. Sarasate adayendera Russia mobwerezabwereza. Ubale wapafupi wolenga ndi waubwenzi unamugwirizanitsa ndi oimba a ku Russia: P. Tchaikovsky, L. Auer, K. Davydov, A. Verzhbilovich, A. Rubinshtein. Ponena za konsati yogwirizana ndi omaliza mu 90, nyuzipepala ya ku Russia yoimba nyimbo inalemba kuti: “Sarasate njosayerekezeka m’kuimba violin monga momwe Rubinstein alibe wopikisana naye m’mbali ya kuliza piyano . . .

Anthu a m'nthawi yake adawona chinsinsi cha kukongola kwa Sarasate komanso kukongola kwake pa nthawi yachibwana ya momwe amaonera dziko lapansi. Malinga ndi kukumbukira kwa abwenzi, Sarasate anali munthu wamtima wosavuta, wokonda kusonkhanitsa ndodo, mabokosi a fodya, ndi gizmos zina zakale. Pambuyo pake, woimbayo adasamutsa chopereka chonse chomwe adasonkhanitsa kupita kumudzi kwawo ku Pamplrne. Luso lomveka bwino, lachisangalalo la virtuoso la ku Spain lakopa omvera kwa zaka pafupifupi theka. Sewero lake linakopeka ndi phokoso lapadera la siliva la violin, ungwiro wa virtuoso, kupepuka kochititsa chidwi komanso, kuwonjezera, kukondwa kwachikondi, ndakatulo, kumveka bwino kwa mawu. Nyimbo za woyimba violini zinali zambiri mwapadera. Koma ndi kupambana kwakukulu, adaimba nyimbo zake: "Spanish Dances", "Basque Capriccio", "Aragonese Hunt", "Andalusian Serenade", "Navarra", "Habanera", "Zapateado", "Malagueña", wotchuka kwambiri. "Gypsy Melodies" . M'zolembazi, mawonekedwe a dziko la Sarasate akulemba ndi kalembedwe kameneka adawonekera bwino kwambiri: chiyambi cha rhythmic, kupanga phokoso lamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukhazikitsidwa mochenjera kwa miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ntchito zonsezi, komanso zongopeka ziwiri zazikulu za konsati Faust ndi Carmen (pamitu ya ma opera a dzina lomwelo ndi Ch. Gounod ndi G. Bizet), akadalibe m'mbiri ya oimba nyimbo. Ntchito za Sarasate zinasiya chizindikiro chachikulu pa mbiri ya nyimbo za zida za ku Spain, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya I. Albeniz, M. de Falla, E. Granados.

Olemba ambiri akuluakulu a nthawiyo adapereka ntchito zawo ku Sarasata. Zinali ndi ntchito yake m'maganizo kuti luso lotere la nyimbo za violin linalengedwa monga Introduction ndi Rondo-Capriccioso, "Havanese" ndi Third Violin Concerto ndi C. Saint-Saens, "Spanish Symphony" ndi E. Lalo, Violin Yachiwiri Concerto ndi "Scottish Fantasy" M Bruch, konsati yolembedwa ndi I. Raff. G. Wieniawski (Concerto Yachiwiri ya Violin), A. Dvorak (Mazurek), K. Goldmark ndi A. Mackenzie anapereka nyimbo zawo kwa woimba wotchuka wa ku Spain. “Tanthauzo lalikulu la Sarasate,” anatero Auer m’chigwirizano ndi ichi, “kwazikidwa pa kuzindikiridwa kwakukulu kuti iye anapambana ndi kuimba kwake kwa violin zapamwamba za m’nthaŵi yake.” Uku ndiye kuyenerera kwakukulu kwa Sarasate, imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikupita patsogolo kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa Spanish virtuoso.

I. Vetlitsyna

Zojambula za Virtuoso sizimafa. Ngakhale m'nthawi yachipambano chapamwamba kwambiri chazojambula, nthawi zonse pamakhala oimba omwe amakopa chidwi "choyera". Sarasate anali mmodzi wa iwo. "Paganini chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana", "mfumu ya luso la cadence", "wojambula wowala kwambiri wa dzuwa" - ndi momwe anthu a m'nthawi yathu ankatcha Sarasate. Asanakhale abwino, zida zochititsa chidwi zidagwada ngakhale iwo omwe amakana luso lazojambula - Joachim, Auer.

Sarasate anagonjetsa aliyense. Chinsinsi cha chithumwa chake chinali mu luso lake lachibwana. Iwo "sakwiya" ndi ojambula oterowo, nyimbo zawo zimavomerezedwa ngati kuyimba kwa mbalame, monga phokoso la chilengedwe - phokoso la nkhalango, kung'ung'udza kwa mtsinje. Pokhapokha pangakhale zonena za nightingale? Amayimba! Momwemonso ndi Sarasate. Anaimba pa violin - ndipo omvera anazizira ndi chisangalalo; iye "anajambula" zithunzi zokongola za magule a anthu a ku Spain - ndipo adawonekera m'maganizo a omvera ali moyo.

Auer adayika Sarasate (pambuyo pa Viettan ndi Joachim) pamwamba pa onse oyimba violin theka lachiwiri lazaka za zana la XNUMX. M'masewera a Sarasate, adadabwa ndi kupepuka kodabwitsa, mwachilengedwe, kumasuka kwa zida zake zaukadaulo. “Madzulo ena,” I. Nalbandian analemba m’zolemba zake, “ndinafunsa Auer kuti andiuze za Sarasat. Leopold Semyonovich ananyamuka pa sofa, anandiyang'ana kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo anati: Sarasate ndi chodabwitsa chodabwitsa. Momwe violin yake imamvekera ndi momwe sichinayimbidwepo ndi aliyense. Mukusewera kwa Sarasate, simungamve "khitchini" nkomwe, mulibe tsitsi, mulibe rosin, palibe kusintha kwa uta komanso ntchito, kukangana - amasewera chilichonse mwanthabwala, ndipo chilichonse chimamveka bwino ndi iye ... "Kutumiza Nalbandian ku Berlin, Auer anamulangiza kuti agwiritse ntchito mwaŵi uliwonse, kumvetsera Sarasate, ndipo ngati mpata upezeka, kumuimbira violin. Nalbandian akuwonjezera kuti nthawi yomweyo, Auer adamupatsa kalata yomutsimikizira, yokhala ndi adilesi yowoneka bwino pa envelopu: "Europe - Sarasate." Ndipo izo zinali zokwanira.

Nalbandian akupitiriza kuti: “Nditabwerera ku Russia, ndinapereka lipoti latsatanetsatane kwa Auer. Mwamvapo zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri za machitidwe akale a oimba otchuka Joachim ndi Sarasate - ungwiro wapamwamba kwambiri wa virtuoso, chodabwitsa choyimba violin. Ndi munthu wamwayi bwanji Sarasate, osati ngati ife ndife akapolo a violin omwe tiyenera kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo amakhala moyo wake kuti asangalale. Ndipo adawonjezeranso kuti: "Chifukwa chiyani azisewera pomwe zonse zidamuyendera kale?" Atanena izi, Auer anayang'ana manja ake mwachisoni ndikuusa moyo. Auer anali ndi manja "osayamika" ndipo amayenera kulimbikira tsiku lililonse kuti asunge lusoli.

“Dzina lakuti Sarasate linali lodabwitsa kwa oimba violin,” akulemba motero K. Flesh. - Ndi ulemu, ngati kuti chinali chodabwitsa chochokera ku dziko lodabwitsa, ife anyamata (izi zinali mu 1886) tinayang'ana Spaniard wamng'ono wamaso akuda - ndi masharubu okonzedwa bwino a jet-black and curly, curly, mosamala tsitsi tsitsi . Kamnyamata kakang'ono kameneka kanakwera pa siteji ndi maulendo ataliatali, ndi kukongola kwenikweni kwa Spanish, bata kunja, ngakhale phlegmatic. Ndiyeno anayamba kusewera ndi ufulu wosamveka, ndi liwiro lomwe linabweretsedwa, kubweretsa omvera ku chisangalalo chachikulu.

Moyo wa Sarasate unakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri. Iye anali m'lingaliro lonse la liwu lokondedwa ndi mining'ono wa choikidwiratu.

Iye analemba kuti: “Ndinabadwa pa March 14, 1844, ku Pamplona, ​​mzinda waukulu wa m’chigawo cha Navarre. Bambo anga anali kondakitala wa asilikali. Ndinaphunzira kuimba violin kuyambira ndili wamng’ono. Ndili ndi zaka 5 zokha, ndidasewera kale pamaso pa Mfumukazi Isabella. Mfumu inakonda kachitidwe kanga ndipo inandipatsa penshoni, imene inandilola kupita ku Paris kukaphunzira.

Kutengera mbiri ya Sarasate, izi sizolondola. Iye sanabadwe pa March 14, koma pa March 10, 1844. Atabadwa, anamutcha Martin Meliton, koma pambuyo pake anatenga dzina lakuti Pablo, akukhala ku Paris.

Bambo ake, Basque ndi fuko, anali woimba wabwino. Poyamba, iye mwiniyo anaphunzitsa mwana wake zeze. Ali ndi zaka 8, prodigy mwana adapereka konsati ku La Coruna ndipo talente yake inali yoonekeratu kuti bambo ake adaganiza zopita naye ku Madrid. Apa anapatsa mnyamatayo kuphunzira Rodriguez Saez.

Woyimba violiniyo ali ndi zaka 10, anamuonetsa kukhoti. Masewera a Sarasate yaying'ono adapanga chidwi chodabwitsa. Analandira violin yokongola ya Stradivarius kuchokera kwa Mfumukazi Isabella monga mphatso, ndipo khoti la Madrid linatenga ndalama za maphunziro ake apamwamba.

Mu 1856, Sarasate anatumizidwa ku Paris, komwe adalandiridwa m'kalasi yake ndi mmodzi wa oimira sukulu ya violin ya ku France, Delphine Alar. Miyezi isanu ndi inayi pambuyo pake (pafupifupi zosaneneka!) iye anamaliza maphunziro athunthu a Conservatory ndipo anapambana mphoto yoyamba.

Mwachiwonekere, woyimba woyimbayo adabwera kwa Alar kale ndi luso lokwanira, apo ayi, maphunziro ake othamanga kwambiri kuchokera ku Conservatory sangathe kufotokozedwa. Komabe, atamaliza maphunziro ake mu kalasi ya violin, anakhala ku Paris kwa zaka 6 kuphunzira chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, mgwirizano ndi mbali zina za luso. Only m'chaka chakhumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri za moyo wake Sarasate anasiya Paris Conservatory. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi akuyamba moyo wake monga woyendayenda konsati.

Poyamba, iye anapita ulendo wautali wopita ku America. Linakonzedwa ndi wamalonda wolemera Otto Goldschmidt, yemwe ankakhala ku Mexico. Woyimba piyano wabwino kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa ntchito za impresario, adagwira ntchito ya woyimba. Ulendowu unali wopindulitsa kwambiri pazachuma, ndipo Goldschmidt anakhala mtsogoleri wa Sarasate kwa moyo wake wonse.

Pambuyo America, Sarasate anabwerera ku Ulaya ndipo mwamsanga anapeza kutchuka wosangalatsa kuno. Zoimbaimba ake m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya ikuchitika mu chigonjetso, ndipo kudziko lakwawo amakhala ngwazi dziko. Mu 1880, ku Barcelona, ​​​​okonda chidwi a Sarasate adapanga gulu la nyali lomwe anthu 2000 adakumana nawo. Mabungwe a njanji ku Spain adapereka masitima athunthu kuti agwiritse ntchito. Iye ankabwera ku Pamplona pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, anthu a m’tauniyo ankamukonzera misonkhano yodzionetsera, yotsogozedwa ndi anthu a m’tauniyo. Polemekeza iye, ng'ombe zamphongo zinkaperekedwa nthawi zonse, Sarasate adayankha kulemekeza zonsezi ndi ma concerts mokomera osauka. Zowona, kamodzi (mu 1900) mapwando panthaŵi ya kufika kwa Sarasate ku Pamplona anatsala pang’ono kusokonezedwa. Meya wosankhidwa watsopano wa mzindawo anayesa kuwachotsa pazifukwa zandale. Iye anali monarchist, ndipo Sarasate ankadziwika kuti demokalase. Zolinga za meya zinayambitsa mkwiyo. “Manyuzipepala analowererapo. Ndipo ma municipalities ogonjetsedwa, pamodzi ndi mutu wake, adakakamizika kusiya ntchito. Mlanduwu mwina ndi umodzi wokha wamtunduwu.

Sarasate adayendera Russia nthawi zambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mu 1869, adayendera Odessa yokha; kachiwiri - mu 1879 adayendera ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow.

Izi n’zimene L. Auer analemba kuti: “Mmodzi mwa ochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakati pa alendo otchuka oitanidwa ndi Sosaite (kutanthauza Russian Musical Society. – LR) anali Pablo de Sarasate, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali woimba wachinyamata amene anabwera kwa ife pambuyo pa luso lake loimba nyimbo. kupambana ku Germany. Ndinamuona ndi kumumva kwa nthawi yoyamba. Anali wamng'ono, woonda, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo wokongola kwambiri, ali ndi mutu wokongola, wokhala ndi tsitsi lakuda pakati, malinga ndi mafashoni a nthawi imeneyo. Monga kupatuka kwa lamulo lachigawenga, adavala pachifuwa chake riboni yayikulu yokhala ndi nyenyezi ya dongosolo la Chisipanishi lomwe adalandira. Izi zinali nkhani kwa aliyense, popeza nthawi zambiri akalonga amagazi ndi azitumiki okha ndi omwe amawonekera pamadyerero ovomerezeka.

Zolemba zoyamba zomwe adatulutsa kuchokera ku Stradivarius - kalanga, wosalankhula komanso woikidwa m'manda ku Madrid Museum! - zinandichititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kukongola ndi kuyera kwa mawu. Pokhala ndi luso lodabwitsa, ankasewera popanda kugwedezeka, ngati kuti samangogwira chingwe ndi uta wake wamatsenga. Zinali zovuta kukhulupirira kuti kumveka kodabwitsa kumeneku, kusisita khutu, monga mawu a Adeline Patty wachichepere, kungachokere ku zinthu zakuthupi zoipitsitsa monga tsitsi ndi zingwe. Omverawo anali ndi mantha ndipo, ndithudi, Sarasate anali wopambana modabwitsa.

"M'kati mwa kupambana kwake ku St. Petersburg," Auer akulembanso kuti, "Pablo de Sarasate anakhalabe bwenzi labwino, akukonda gulu la anzake oimba nyimbo m'nyumba zolemera, kumene ankalandira ma franc zikwi ziwiri kapena zitatu madzulo - mtengo wokwera kwambiri panthawiyo. Madzulo aulere. adakhala ndi Davydov, Leshetsky kapena nane, wokondwa nthawi zonse, akumwetulira komanso wosangalala, wokondwa kwambiri atakwanitsa kupambana ma ruble angapo pamakhadi. Anali wolimba mtima kwambiri ndi azimayiwo ndipo nthawi zonse ankanyamula mafani angapo ang'onoang'ono achi Spanish, omwe ankawapatsa ngati chokumbukira.

Russia inagonjetsa Sarasate ndi kuchereza kwake. Patapita zaka 2, iye amaperekanso mndandanda wa zoimbaimba pano. Pambuyo pa konsati yoyamba, yomwe inachitika pa November 28, 1881 ku St. - LR ) alibe opikisana nawo pamasewera a piyano, kupatulapo, Liszt.

Kufika kwa Sarasate ku St. Petersburg mu January 1898 kunadziwikanso ndi chipambano. Khamu la anthu osawerengeka linadzaza holo ya Noble Assembly (Philharmonic yamakono). Pamodzi ndi Auer, Sarasate adapereka madzulo a quartet komwe adachita Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata.

Nthawi yotsiriza yomwe Petersburg anamvetsera Sarasate anali kale pa malo otsetsereka a moyo wake, mu 1903, ndipo ndemanga za atolankhani zimasonyeza kuti adasunga luso lake la virtuoso mpaka ukalamba. “Makhalidwe apamwamba a wojambulayo ndiwo kamvekedwe kake ka vayolini kotsekemera, kodzaza ndi kokwanira, kaluso kanzeru kamene kamathetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana; ndipo, mosiyana, uta wopepuka, wodekha komanso womveka m'masewera amtundu wapamtima - zonsezi zimayendetsedwa bwino ndi Spaniard. Sarasate akadali yemweyo "mfumu ya violinists", m'lingaliro lovomerezeka la mawuwa. Ngakhale kuti ndi wokalamba, amadabwabe ndi moyo wake komanso mosavuta zonse zomwe amachita.

Sarasate inali chodabwitsa chapadera. Kwa anthu a m’nthaŵi yake, iye anatsegula njira zatsopano zoimbira violin: “Nthaŵi ina ku Amsterdam,” akulemba motero K. Flesh, “Izai, akumalankhula nane, anapereka chiŵerengero chotsatirachi kwa Sarasata: “Ndi iye amene anatiphunzitsa kuseŵera mwaukhondo. ” Chikhumbo cha ovina amakono a luso laukadaulo, kulondola komanso kusalephera kusewera kumachokera ku Sarasate kuyambira nthawi yomwe adawonekera pa siteji ya konsati. Pamaso pake, ufulu, fluidity ndi luntha la ntchito ankaonedwa zofunika kwambiri.

“… Anali woyimilira mtundu watsopano wa violin ndipo ankasewera mosavuta mwaukadaulo, popanda kuvutitsidwa pang'ono. Zala zake zidagwera pa fretboard mwachilengedwe komanso modekha, osamenya zingwe. Kugwedezekaku kunali kokulirapo kuposa momwe zinalili ndi oyimba zeze pamaso pa Sarasate. Iye ankakhulupirira moyenerera kuti kukhala ndi uta ndi njira yoyamba komanso yofunika kwambiri yochotsera zoyenera - mwa lingaliro lake - kamvekedwe. "Kuwomba" kwa uta wake pa chingwe kugunda ndendende pakati pakati pa mfundo zazikulu za mlatho ndi fretboard ya violin ndipo sikunafike pafupi ndi mlatho, kumene, monga tikudziwira, munthu akhoza kutulutsa phokoso lamtundu wofanana ndi kukangana. ku mawu a oboe.

Wolemba mbiri wa ku Germany wojambula vayolini A. Moser anapendanso luso la Sarasate poimba: “Tikafunsidwa njira imene Sarasate anapezera chipambano chodabwitsa chotero, iye analemba motero, “choyamba tiyenera kuyankha momvekera bwino. Kamvekedwe kake, kopanda "zonyansa" kalikonse, kodzaza ndi "kutsekemera", adachita pomwe adayamba kusewera, modabwitsa. Ndikunena kuti "ndinayamba kusewera" popanda cholinga, popeza phokoso la Sarasate, ngakhale kukongola kwake konse, linali lonyozeka, losatha kusintha, chifukwa chake, patapita nthawi, zomwe zimatchedwa "kutopa", ngati nyengo yadzuwa nthawi zonse. chilengedwe. Chachiwiri chomwe chinathandizira kuti Sarasate apambane chinali kumasuka kodabwitsa, ufulu womwe adagwiritsa ntchito njira yake yayikulu. Iye analankhula mosalakwitsa ndipo anagonjetsa zovuta zazikulu ndi chisomo chapadera.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndiukadaulo wamasewera Sarasate amapereka Auer. Iye analemba kuti Sarasate (ndi Wieniawski) “anali ndi luso lothamanga kwambiri, lolondola, lalitali kwambiri, lomwe linali umboni wabwino kwambiri wa luso lawo laukadaulo.” Kwina konse m’buku lomwelo lolembedwa ndi Auer timaŵerenga kuti: “Sarasate, yemwe anali ndi kamvekedwe kochititsa kaso, ankangogwiritsira ntchito staccato volant (ndiko kuti, flying staccato. – LR), osati mofulumira kwambiri, koma mokoma mtima kwambiri. Mbali yomaliza, ndiko kuti, chisomo, idawunikira masewera ake onse ndipo idaphatikizidwa ndi mawu omveka bwino, koma osalimba kwambiri. Poyerekezera mmene amagwirira uta wa Joachim, Wieniawski ndi Sarasate, Auer analemba kuti: “Sarasate ankagwira utawo ndi zala zake zonse, zomwe sizinamulepheretse kukulitsa kamvekedwe kake kamvekedwe kake, kamvekedwe kake komanso kupepuka kwa mpweya m’ndimezo.”

Ndemanga zambiri zindikirani kuti zakale sanaperekedwe kwa Sarasata, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri anatembenukira ku ntchito za Bach, Beethoven, ndipo ankakonda kusewera quartets. Moser akunena kuti pambuyo pa sewero loyamba la Beethoven Concerto ku Berlin mu 80s, ndemanga ya wotsutsa nyimbo E. Taubert inatsatira, momwe kutanthauzira kwa Sarasate kunali kotsutsidwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Joachim. “M’tsiku lotsatira, titakumana nane, Sarasate wokwiya anandichemerera kuti: “Zowonadi, ku Germany amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene amaseŵera Beethoven Concerto ayenera kutuluka thukuta ngati katswiri wanu wonenepa kwambiri!”

Pomulimbitsa mtima, ndinaona kuti ndinakwiya pamene omvera, anasangalala ndi kuyimba kwake, anasokoneza nyimbo ya tutti ndi kuwomba m’manja itatha kuimba yekhayekha woyamba. Sarasate anandikalipira kuti, “Wokondedwa, usalankhule zopanda pake! Tutti ya orchestra ilipo kuti ipatse woimba yekhayo mwayi woti apume komanso omvera awombe m’manja.” Pamene ndinapukusa mutu wanga, wodabwitsidwa ndi chiweruzo chachibwana chotero, iye anapitiriza kuti: “Ndisiyeni ndi nyimbo zanu zanyimbo. Mukufunsa chifukwa chake sindimasewera Brahms Concerto! Sindikufuna kukana konse kuti iyi ndi nyimbo yabwino kwambiri. Koma kodi mumandiona ngati wopanda kukoma kotero kuti ine, nditakwera pa siteji ndi violin m'manja mwanga, ndinayimirira ndikumvetsera momwe mu Adagio oboe amaimba nyimbo yokha ya ntchito yonse kwa omvera?

Moser ndi Sarasate akuimba nyimbo za m’chipinda cham’chipindamo akulongosoledwa momveka bwino kuti: “M’nthaŵi yotalikirapo ku Berlin, Sarasate ankakonda kuitana mabwenzi anga Achispanya ndi anzanga a m’kalasi EF Arbos (violin) ndi Augustino Rubio kuhotela yake ya Kaiserhof kuti azisewera nane quartet. (malo). Iye mwini ankaimba mbali ya violin yoyamba, ine ndi Arbos tinkasinthana mbali ya violin ndi violin yachiwiri. Ma quartets ake omwe ankawakonda anali, pamodzi ndi Op. 59 Beethoven, Schumann ndi Brahms quartets. Izi ndi zomwe zinkachitika nthawi zambiri. Sarasate ankasewera mwakhama kwambiri, kukwaniritsa malangizo onse a wolembayo. Zinamveka bwino, ndithudi, koma "mkati" umene unali "pakati pa mizere" unali wosawululidwa.

Mawu a Moser ndi kuwunika kwake kwa chikhalidwe cha Sarasate kutanthauzira kwa ntchito zachikale kumapeza chitsimikizo m'nkhani ndi ndemanga zina. Nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa monotony, monotony yomwe imasiyanitsa phokoso la violin ya Sarasate, komanso kuti ntchito za Beethoven ndi Bach sizinamuyendere bwino. Komabe, mawonekedwe a Moser akadali a mbali imodzi. Pogwira ntchito pafupi ndi umunthu wake, Sarasate adadziwonetsa yekha kukhala wojambula wochenjera. Malinga ndi ndemanga zonse, mwachitsanzo, iye anachita Concerto Mendelssohn wosayerekezeka. Ndipo ntchito za Bach ndi Beethoven zinali zoyipa chotani nanga, ngati wodziwa bwino kwambiri ngati Auer adalankhula zabwino za luso lomasulira la Sarasate!

"Pakati pa 1870 ndi 1880, chizoloŵezi choimba nyimbo zaluso kwambiri m'makonsati a anthu onse chinakula kwambiri, ndipo mfundoyi inalandira chidziwitso ndi chithandizo kuchokera kwa atolankhani, kotero kuti izi zinapangitsa akatswiri otchuka monga Wieniawski ndi Sarasate - oimira ochititsa chidwi kwambiri amtunduwu. - kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nyimbo zawo za violin zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Anaphatikizanso Chaconne ya Bach ndi ntchito zina, komanso Concerto ya Beethoven, m'mapulogalamu awo, komanso ndi matanthauzidwe odziwika kwambiri (ndikutanthauza umunthu payekhapayekha), kutanthauzira kwawo mwaluso komanso magwiridwe antchito okwanira adathandizira kwambiri kutchuka kwawo. “.

Ponena za mmene Sarasate anamasulira Concerto Yachitatu ya Saint-Saens yoperekedwa kwa iye, wolembayo analemba kuti: “Ndinalemba konsati mmene mbali zoyamba ndi zomalizira zinali zomvekera bwino; amalekanitsidwa ndi gawo limene chirichonse chimapuma bata - ngati nyanja pakati pa mapiri. Oyimba violin akuluakulu omwe adandichitira ulemu wosewera ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku - amanjenjemera panyanja, monga m'mapiri. Sarasate, amene concerto analembera, anali bata panyanja monga iye anali wokondwa m'mapiri. Kenako wolembayo akumaliza kuti: "Palibe chabwinoko poimba nyimbo, momwe mungafotokozere chikhalidwe chake."

Kuphatikiza pa concerto, Saint-Saëns adapereka Rondo Capriccioso ku Sarasata. Olemba nyimbo enanso anasonyeza chidwi chawo chifukwa cha mmene woyimba zezeyo ankaimba mofananamo. Anadzipatulira ku: Concerto Yoyamba ndi Chisipanishi Symphony ndi E. Lalo, Concerto Yachiwiri ndi Scottish Fantasy yolembedwa ndi M. Bruch, Concerto Yachiwiri ya G. Wieniawski. “Kufunika kwakukulu kwa Sarasate,” Auer anatsutsa motero, “kwazikidwa pa kuzindikiridwa kwakukulu komwe anapambana kaamba ka kuimba kwake kwa violin yapamwamba ya m’nthaŵi yake. Ndikoyeneranso kwake kuti anali woyamba kufalitsa ma concerto a Bruch, Lalo ndi Saint-Saens.

Koposa zonse, Sarasate adapereka nyimbo za virtuoso ndi ntchito zake. Mwa iwo anali wosayerekezeka. Mwa nyimbo zake, zovina za Chisipanishi, nyimbo za Gypsy, Fantasia pazithunzi za opera "Carmen" yolembedwa ndi Bizet, Mau oyamba ndi tarantella adatchuka kwambiri. Zabwino kwambiri komanso zapafupi kwambiri zowunika zowona za Sarasate wolemba zidaperekedwa ndi Auer. Iye analemba kuti: "Zidutswa zoyambirira, zaluso komanso zowona za Sarasate mwiniwake - "Airs Espagnoles", zowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi chikondi choyaka moto cha dziko lakwawo - mosakayikira ndizothandizira kwambiri pagulu la violin.

M'mavinidwe a Chisipanishi, Sarasate adapanga zida zamitundumitundu zotengera nyimbo zomwe adachokera, ndipo amapangidwa ndi kukoma kofewa, chisomo. Kuchokera kwa iwo - njira yolunjika yopita ku ting'onoting'ono ta Granados, Albeniz, de Falla. Zongopeka zochokera mu "Carmen" wa Bizet mwina ndiye buku labwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lazongopeka zamtundu wa virtuoso wosankhidwa ndi wolemba. Ikhoza kuyikidwa bwino ndi malingaliro omveka bwino a Paganini, Venyavsky, Ernst.

Sarasate anali woyimba violini woyamba yemwe kusewera kwake kunalembedwa pamarekodi a galamafoni; adachita Nyimbo Yoyamba kuchokera ku E-major partita yolembedwa ndi J.-S. Bach kwa solo ya violin, komanso Mawu Oyamba ndi tarantella ya zomwe adalemba.

Sarasate analibe banja ndipo kwenikweni anapereka moyo wake wonse ku violin. Zowona, anali ndi chidwi chosonkhanitsa. Zinthu zomwe zili m'magulu ake zinali zoseketsa. Sarasate ndi chilakolako ichi ankawoneka ngati mwana wamkulu. Ankakonda kutolera ... ndodo (!); nzimbe zosonkhanitsidwa, zokongoletsedwa ndi nsonga zagolide komanso zokutidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, zinthu zakale zamtengo wapatali ndi gizmos zakale. Adasiya chuma chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukhala 3000000 francs.

Sarasate anamwalira ku Biarritz pa September 20, 1908, ali ndi zaka 64. Zonse zomwe adapeza, adazipereka makamaka ku mabungwe aluso ndi achifundo. Paris ndi Madrid Conservatories aliyense analandira 10 francs; Komanso, aliyense wa iwo ndi zeze Stradivarius. Ndalama zambiri zidaperekedwa kuti ziperekedwe kwa oimba. Sarasate adapereka zojambula zake zodabwitsa kumudzi kwawo ku Pamplona.

L. Raaben