Mtsikana Wothokoza (Kirsten Flagstad) |

Kirsten Flagstad

Wodziwika bwino wa prima donna wa Metropolitan Francis Alda, yemwe adachita nawo pafupifupi akatswiri onse akuluakulu a zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, anati: "Enrico Caruso atatha, ndinadziwa liwu limodzi lokha lodziwika bwino m'masewera amasiku ano - uyu ndi Kirsten Flagstad. ” Kirsten Flagstad anabadwa July 12, 1895 mumzinda wa Norway wa Hamar, m'banja la kondakitala Mikhail Flagstad. Amayi nawonso anali woimba - woyimba piyano wodziwika bwino komanso woperekeza ku National Theatre ku Oslo. Kodi n'zosadabwitsa kuti kuyambira ali mwana, Kirsten anaphunzira limba ndi kuimba ndi amayi ake, ndipo pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi anaimba nyimbo Schubert!

Pa khumi ndi zitatu, mtsikanayo ankadziwa mbali za Aida ndi Elsa. Patatha zaka ziwiri, Kirsten anayamba kuphunzira ndi Ellen Schitt-Jakobsen, mphunzitsi wa mawu wotchuka ku Oslo. Pambuyo pa maphunziro a zaka zitatu, Flagstad adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa Disembala 12, 1913. Ku likulu la dziko la Norway, adachita gawo la Nuriv mu opera ya E. d'Albert The Valley, yomwe inali yotchuka m'zaka zimenezo. Wojambula wachinyamatayo adakondedwa osati ndi anthu wamba, komanso gulu la olemera olemera. Womalizayo adapatsa woimbayo mwayi wophunzira kuti apitirize maphunziro ake oimba.

Chifukwa cha thandizo la ndalama, Kirsten anaphunzira ku Stockholm ndi Albert Westwang ndi Gillis Bratt. Mu 1917, pobwerera kwawo, Flagstad nthawi zonse amachita zisudzo ku National Theatre.

VV Timokhin analemba kuti: "Tingayembekezere kuti, ndi luso losakayikitsa la woimba wamng'ono, adzatha kutenga malo otchuka m'mayiko oimba. - Koma izo sizinachitike. Kwa zaka makumi awiri, Flagstad anakhalabe wamba, wodzichepetsa Ammayi amene mofunitsitsa anatenga udindo uliwonse anapereka kwa iye, osati mu opera, komanso operetta, revue, ndi sewero lanthabwala nyimbo. Pali, ndithudi, zifukwa zolinga izi, koma zambiri zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi khalidwe la Flagstad yekha, amene anali mwamtheradi mlendo ku mzimu wa "premiership" ndi zokhumba luso. Anali wolimbikira ntchito, yemwe ankangoganizira za kudzipindulira yekha pa luso lake.

Flagstad anakwatira mu 1919. Patapita nthawi pang'ono ndipo amachoka pa siteji. Ayi, osati chifukwa cha kutsutsa kwa mwamuna wake: asanabadwe mwana wake wamkazi, woimbayo adataya mawu ake. Kenako anabwerera, koma Kirsten, kuopa kulemetsa, kwa nthawi ankakonda "maudindo kuwala" mu operettas. Mu 1921, woimbayo anakhala soloist ndi Mayol Theatre mu Oslo. Pambuyo pake, adasewera ku Casino Theatre. Mu 1928, woimba wa ku Norway anaitanidwa kuti akhale woyimba payekha ndi Stura Theatre mumzinda wa Swedish wa Gothenburg.

Ndiye zinali zovuta kuganiza kuti m'tsogolo woimbayo adzakhala makamaka mu maudindo Wagnerian. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kuchokera ku maphwando a Wagner mu repertoire yake anali Elsa ndi Elizabeth. M'malo mwake, adawoneka ngati "wosewera wapadziko lonse lapansi", akuimba maudindo makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu mu zisudzo ndi makumi atatu mu operettas. Ena mwa iwo: Minnie (“Mtsikana Wakumadzulo” wolemba Puccini), Margarita (“Faust”), Nedda (“Pagliacci”), Eurydice (“Orpheus” ndi Gluck), Mimi (“La Boheme”), Tosca, Cio- Cio-San, Aida, Desdemona, Michaela (“Carmen”), Evryanta, Agatha (“Euryante” and Weber’s “Magic Shooter”).

Tsogolo la Flagstad monga woimba wa Wagnerian makamaka chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, popeza anali ndi mikhalidwe yonse yoti akhale woimba wodziwika bwino wa "Italiya".

Pamene Isolde, woimba wotchuka wa Wagnerian Nanni Larsen-Todsen, adadwala panthawi ya sewero la nyimbo la Wagner la Tristan und Isolde ku Oslo mu 1932, adakumbukira Flagstad. Kirsten anachita ntchito yabwino ndi udindo wake watsopano.

Bass wotchuka Alexander Kipnis adakopeka kwathunthu ndi Isolde yatsopano, yomwe idawona kuti malo a Flagstad anali pa chikondwerero cha Wagner ku Bayreuth. M’chilimwe cha 1933, pa chikondwerero china, anaimba nyimbo ya Ortlinda mu The Valkyrie ndi The Third Norn in The Death of the Gods. Chaka chotsatira, adapatsidwa maudindo ambiri - Sieglinde ndi Gutrune.

Paziwonetsero za Chikondwerero cha Bayreuth, oimira Metropolitan Opera adamva Flagstad. Malo ochitira masewero a ku New York panthawiyo ankafunika soprano ya Wagnerian.

The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Flagstad February 2, 1935 ku New York Metropolitan Opera mu udindo wa Sieglinde anabweretsa wojambula chigonjetso chenicheni. M'mawa wotsatira manyuzipepala aku America adalengeza kubadwa kwa woyimba wamkulu wa Wagnerian wazaka za zana la XNUMX. Lawrence Gilman adalemba mu New York Herald Tribune kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwazosowa zomwe, mwachiwonekere, wolembayo angasangalale kumva chithunzithunzi chotere cha Sieglinde wake.

VV Timokhin analemba kuti: “Omverawo anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mawu a Flagstad okha, ngakhale kuti kumveka kwake sikunkachititsanso chisangalalo. - Omvera adakopekanso ndi kufulumira kodabwitsa, umunthu wa machitidwe a wojambulayo. Kuyambira zisudzo woyamba, mbali yapadera ya maonekedwe luso la Flagstad anavumbulutsidwa kwa omvera New York, amene angakhale ofunika makamaka kwa oimba a orientation Wagnerian. Ochita masewera a Wagnerian ankadziwika pano, omwe nthawi zina amapambana kwambiri ndi anthu enieni. Anthu otchuka a ku Flagstad anali ngati kuti aunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwadzuwa, kutenthedwa ndi malingaliro okhudza mtima, oona mtima. Anali wojambula wachikondi, koma omvera adazindikira kuti amakondana kwambiri osati ndi njira zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, kukonda njira zowoneka bwino, koma ndi kukongola kodabwitsa komanso mgwirizano wandakatulo, nyimbo zonjenjemera zomwe zidadzaza mawu ake ...

Kulemera konse kwa mithunzi yamalingaliro, malingaliro ndi malingaliro, phale lonse lamitundu yaluso yomwe ili mu nyimbo za Wagner, idapangidwa ndi Flagstad mwa kumveketsa mawu. Pankhani imeneyi, woimbayo mwina analibe otsutsa pa siteji Wagner. Mawu ake anali okhudzidwa ndi mayendedwe obisika kwambiri a moyo, malingaliro aliwonse amalingaliro, malingaliro amalingaliro: kusinkhasinkha mwachidwi ndi mantha a kukhudzika, kukwezedwa modabwitsa ndi kudzoza kwandakatulo. Kumvetsera ku Flagstad, omvera adadziwitsidwa ku magwero apamtima a mawu a Wagner. Maziko, "pachimake" cha kutanthauzira kwake kwa ngwazi za Wagnerian zinali kuphweka kodabwitsa, kutseguka kwauzimu, kuunikira kwamkati - Flagstad mosakayikira anali mmodzi wa omasulira kwambiri a nyimbo m'mbiri yonse ya Wagnerian.

Zojambula zake zinali zachilendo kwa njira zakunja komanso kukakamiza kwamalingaliro. Mawu ochepa omwe adayimbidwa ndi wojambulayo anali okwanira kupanga chithunzi chofotokozedwa bwino m'malingaliro a omvera - munali mwachikondi kwambiri, mwachifundo komanso mwachikondi m'mawu a woimbayo. Mawu a Flagstad adasiyanitsidwa ndi ungwiro wosowa - cholemba chilichonse chojambulidwa ndi woyimbayo chokopeka ndi chidzalo, kuzungulira, kukongola, ndi kumveka kwa mawu a wojambula, ngati kuti akuphatikiza chikhalidwe chakumpoto chakumpoto, adapatsa kuyimba kwa Flagstad chithumwa chosaneneka. Kumveka kwake kwa mawu kunali kodabwitsa, luso la kuyimba kwa legato, komwe oimira odziwika kwambiri a bel canto waku Italy amatha kusirira ... "

Kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Flagstad ankaimba pafupipafupi ku Metropolitan Opera kokha mu nyimbo za Wagnerian. Mbali yokhayo ya wolemba wina wosiyana inali Leonora mu Fidelio ya Beethoven. Anaimba nyimbo ya Brunnhilde mu The Valkyrie ndi The Fall of the Gods, Isolde, Elizabeth ku Tannhäuser, Elsa ku Lohengrin, Kundry ku Parsifal.

Zisudzo zonse ndi nawo woimba anapita ndi zonse nyumba zonse. Zochita zisanu ndi zinayi zokha za "Tristan" ndi wojambula wa ku Norway zinabweretsa zisudzo ndalama zomwe sizinachitikepo - zoposa madola zikwi zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu!

Kupambana kwa Flagstad ku Metropolitan kunatsegula zitseko za nyumba zazikulu kwambiri za zisudzo padziko lapansi. Pa May 1936, 2, adachita bwino kwambiri ku Tristan ku Covent Garden ku London. Ndipo pa Seputembara XNUMX chaka chomwecho, woyimbayo anayimba koyamba ku Vienna State Opera. Iye anaimba Isolde, ndipo pa mapeto a opera omvera anaitana woimbayo maulendo makumi atatu!

Flagstad adawonekera koyamba pamaso pa anthu aku France mu 1938 pa siteji ya Parisian Grand Opera. Adaseweranso ngati Isolde. M’chaka chomwechi, iye anapita kukaona konsati ku Australia.

M'chaka cha 1941, atabwerera kwawo, woimba kwenikweni anasiya kuchita. Panthawi ya nkhondo, adangochoka ku Norway kawiri - kupita nawo ku Zurich Music Festival.

Mu November 1946, Flagstad anaimba ku Tristan ku Chicago Opera House. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chotsatira, adapanga ulendo wake woyamba wa konsati pambuyo pa nkhondo ku mizinda ya US.

Flagstad atafika ku London mu 1947, adayimba mbali zotsogola za Wagner ku Covent Garden Theatre kwazaka zinayi.

"Flagstad inali kale ndi zaka makumi asanu," akulemba VV Timokhin, - koma mawu ake, zikuwoneka, sanali kutengera nthawi - amamveka ngati atsopano, odzaza, otsekemera komanso owala monga m'chaka chosaiwalika cha bwenzi loyamba la Londoners. woyimba. Iye anapirira mosavuta katundu wamkulu amene sakanatha kupirira ngakhale kwa woimba wamng’ono kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mu 1949, adasewera Brunnhilde m'masewero atatu kwa sabata imodzi: The Valkyries, Siegfried ndi The Death of the Gods.

Mu 1949 ndi 1950 Flagstad adachita ngati Leonora (Fidelio) pa Chikondwerero cha Salzburg. Mu 1950, woimbayo adagwira nawo ntchito yopanga Der Ring des Nibelungen ku Milan's La Scala Theatre.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1951, woimbayo anabwerera ku siteji ya Metropolitan. Koma sanayimbe kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali. Pakhomo la kubadwa kwake kwa makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Flagstad akuganiza zochoka pa siteji posachedwa. Ndipo woyamba wa mndandanda wa zisudzo kutsazikana chinachitika April 1, 1952 pa Metropolitan. Atatha kuyimba udindo wa Gluck's Alceste, George Sloan, wapampando wa bungwe la Met's Board of Directors, adabwera pa siteji ndikuti Flagstad adachita nawo masewera omaliza pa Met. Chipinda chonsecho chinayamba kufuula “Ayi! Ayi! Ayi!” Mkati mwa theka la ola, omvera anaitana woimbayo. Pamene magetsi anazimitsidwa muholo m’pamene omvera anayamba kubalalika monyinyirika.

Popitiriza ulendo wotsazikana, mu 1952/53 Flagstad anaimba bwino kwambiri popanga nyimbo ya Purcell ya Dido ndi Aeneas ya ku London. Pa November 1953, 12, inali nthawi yosiyana ndi woimba wa Parisian Grand Opera. Pa Disembala XNUMX chaka chomwecho, amapereka konsati ku Oslo National Theatre polemekeza zaka makumi anayi za ntchito yake yaluso.

Pambuyo pake, mawonekedwe ake apagulu amakhala ongoyerekeza. Flagstad potsiriza adatsanzikana ndi anthu pa September 7, 1957 ndi konsati ku Albert Hall ku London.

Flagstad anachita zambiri pa chitukuko cha opera dziko. Anakhala wotsogolera woyamba wa Norwegian Opera. Tsoka ilo, matenda omwe akupita patsogolo adamukakamiza kusiya ntchito ya director pambuyo pa kutha kwa nyengo yoyambira.

Zaka zomaliza za woimba wotchuka adakhala m'nyumba yake ku Kristiansand, yomwe idamangidwa panthawiyo molingana ndi polojekiti ya woimbayo - nyumba yoyera yokhala ndi nsanjika ziwiri yokhala ndi khonde lokongoletsa khomo lalikulu.

Flagstad anamwalira ku Oslo pa December 7, 1962.