Clarinet: kufotokoza kwa chida, zikuchokera, phokoso, mitundu, mbiri, ntchito

Woyandikana nawo wa nyimbo yotchuka ya Edita Piekha, akusewera clarinet ndi lipenga, ayenera kuti anali woimba nyimbo zambiri. Zida ziwiri zoimbira, ngakhale zili m'gulu lamphepo, ndizosiyana kotheratu. Yoyamba ndi bango lamatabwa lokhala ndi ma valve, lachiwiri ndi mlomo wamkuwa wokhala ndi ma valve. Koma ophunzira ambiri akusukulu ya nyimbo omwe amaphunzira kusewera mkuwa amayamba ndi "wachibale" wamng'ono.

Kodi clarinet ndi chiyani

Woimira wokongola wa banja la mkuwa ali ndi malo apadera mu orchestra ya symphony. Phokoso lambiri komanso kamvekedwe kofewa, kolemekezeka kamalola oimba kuyigwiritsa ntchito popanga nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka kwa clarinet, Mozart, Gershwin, Handel analemba nyimbo. Wolemba SERGEY Prokofiev adamupatsa udindo wodziyimira pawokha wa mphaka mu nthano ya symphonic Peter ndi Wolf. Ndipo N. Rimsky-Korsakov anagwiritsa ntchito Lel mu opera yotchedwa The Snow Maiden mu nyimbo za abusa.

Clarinet ndi chida chamatabwa cha bango chokhala ndi bango limodzi. Ndi wa gulu la mphepo. Chosiyanitsa chachikulu ndi mamembala ena a m'banjamo ndi kuthekera kwake kofotokozera, komwe kumalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito payekha, monga gawo la oimba a symphony, kuimba nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: jazz, folk, ethno, classics.

Chipangizo cha Clarinet

Imaoneka ngati chubu chopangidwa ndi matabwa. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupifupi 70 centimita. Ndi collapsible, ili ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi:

• pakamwa;
• nzimbe;
• bondo lapamwamba;
• bondo lapansi;
• mbiya;
• lipenga.

Phokoso limapangidwa pouzira mpweya kudzera pakamwa kopindika. M'menemo amalowetsa nzimbe. Kumveka kwa phokoso kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa mpweya mkati mwa chipangizocho. Imayendetsedwa ndi makina ovuta omwe ali ndi dongosolo la valve.

Clarinet ndi chida chosinthira. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zili mu "Si" ndi "La". Amatchedwanso "sopranos". Mitundu ina ilipo ndipo imasangalala ndi ufulu woimba mu orchestra, yomwe ili ndi phokoso lapamwamba komanso lotsika. Onse pamodzi amapanga banja lonse.

Clarinet ndi wokwera kwambiri

Oyamba clarinetists amayamba maphunziro awo nawo. Yoyamba m'manja mwa oimba achichepere ndi chida mu dongosolo la "Do". Zimamveka ndendende molingana ndi zolemba, motero zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa zoyambira. Sopranino ndi piccolo sadali odalirika kuti aziimba payekha m'magulu oimba. M'kaundula wapamwamba amamveka monyoza, akuthwa ndi squeal yotchulidwa. Zochitika mu "C" ikukonzekera pafupifupi konse ntchito akatswiri.

Kuyimba kwa clarinet kumachepa

Amasiyana ndi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa osati pa phula, komanso momwe amapangidwira komanso kukula kwake. Pakupanga kwawo, mbali zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi ma altos, belu lawo ndi chubu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe opindika, ngati saxophone, amapindika kuti azisewera mosavuta. Mu okhestra, bass, contrabass, ndi basset horn ndi mitundu yotsika kwambiri.

Kodi clarinet imamveka bwanji?

Kumveka kofewa kwa timbre si mwayi wokha wa chidacho. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi kupezeka kwa kusintha kosinthika mu mzere wosinthasintha. Zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku liwu lamphamvu, lomveka bwino mpaka liwu lofowoka, lotsala pang'ono kuzirala.

Mtunduwu ndi waukulu, pafupifupi ma octaves anayi. Pang'onopang'ono, kubereka kumakhala kwachisoni. Kusintha mawu m'mwamba kumawonetsa kuwala, malankhulidwe ofunda. Rejista yapamwamba imatheketsa kutulutsanso mawu akuthwa, aphokoso.

Malo owonetserako ndi aakulu kwambiri kotero kuti woimba wamkulu VA Mozart molimba mtima anayerekezera chidacho ndi mawu a munthu. Sewero, mafotokozedwe oyezera, kusewera, kukopana - chilichonse chimayang'aniridwa ndi woimira banja lamphepo.

Mbiri ya clarinet

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, oimba adasewera chalumeau. Ichi ndi chida chamtundu wa anthu aku France. Amakhulupirira kuti munthu wa ku Bavaria wochokera ku IK akhoza kubwera ndi clarinet. Denner. Iye ankaona kuti phokoso la chalumeau linali lopanda ungwiro, ndipo anayesetsa kukonza kamangidwe kake. Zotsatira zake, chubu chamatabwa chimakhala ndi valve kumbuyo. Mwa kukanikiza ndi chala chachikulu cha dzanja lamanja, woimbayo anamasulira mawuwo kukhala octave yachiwiri.

Maonekedwe a timbre anali ofanana ndi a clarine, omwe amapezeka nthawi imeneyo. Lipenga limeneli linali ndi mawu omveka bwino. Magwero a dzinali ali ndi mizu yakumwera kwa Europe. Chida chatsopanocho chinatchedwa clarinetto - chitoliro chaching'ono chomasuliridwa kuchokera ku Italy. Chalumeau ndi Clarinet onse anali otchuka ku France. Koma kuthekera kokulirapo kwa chomalizacho kunakhala chofunikira pakuchotsa zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale.

Mwana IK Denner Jacob adapitiliza ntchito ya abambo ake. Iye anapanga clarinet ya ma valve awiri. Ambuye ena odziwika a theka lachiwiri lazaka za zana la XNUMX adachita bwino kuwongolera mitundu ya Jacob powonjezera valavu yachitatu, yachinayi ndi yachisanu. Mtundu wa Zh-K wakhala wapamwamba kwambiri. Lefevre yokhala ndi mavavu asanu ndi limodzi.

Kuwongolera kamangidwe kumeneku sikunathere pamenepo. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, masukulu awiri akusewera clarinette adatulukira. Theka loyamba la zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi lidadziwika ndi nthawi ya chida chotchedwa German clarinet. Inali ndi ma valve a annular, omwe woyimba wa kwaya ya bwalo la Munich Theobald Böhm adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito. Chitsanzochi chinasinthidwa ndi katswiri wa ku Berlin Oskar Ehler. Dongosolo la ku Germany la clarinet linagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Ulaya kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka dongosolo lina linawonekera - dongosolo la French. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chimodzi ndi chinzake chagona pa kuchuluka kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu, luso la kupanga zing'onozing'ono, ndi zina. Clarinet yaku France inali yoyenera kusewera mwaluso, koma inali ndi mawu ochepa komanso mphamvu zomveka. Kusiyana kunali mu dongosolo la valve.

Opanga amakono akupitiriza kukonza mbali za clarinet pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kukulitsa ntchitoyo ndi akasupe ambiri, ndodo, zomangira. Ku Russia, Germany, Austria, chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe chochokera ku Germany chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwambo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clarinets

Magulu a chidacho ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kamvekedwe ndi timbre. Clarinet yaying'ono (piccolo) sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Gululi nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito "basset" yokhala ndi "plaintive" timbre. Mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu oimba:

• bass - omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza mawu a bass;
• contralto - yophatikizidwa mumagulu amkuwa;
• ma bass awiri - amakulolani kuchotsa zolemba zotsika kwambiri, zazikulu kwambiri zamitundu yonse.

M'magulu amkuwa ankhondo aku United States, zida za alto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mawu amphamvu, omveka bwino, omveka.

Clarinet njira

Pamene mitundu yatsopano idawonekera, chidacho chidasinthidwa, njira yokhala nacho idasinthanso. Chifukwa cha kuyenda kwaukadaulo kwa woyimilira wa banja la mphepo, wosewera amatha kusewera masikelo achromatic, nyimbo zomveka bwino, kutulutsa ma overtones, ndime.

Kuchuluka kwa malire kuchokera ku "Mi" ya octave yaying'ono kupita ku "Do" yachinayi imalola chidacho kutenga nawo mbali muzochita zambiri. Woimbayo amasewera pouzira mpweya m’bowo lapakamwa ndi bango. Kutalika kwa chipilala, tonality, timbre kumayendetsedwa ndi ma valve.

Odziwika bwino a clarinetists

M'mbiri ya nyimbo, virtuosos amadziwika kuti amadziwa bwino njira ya clarinetto. Odziwika kwambiri:

• GJ Berman ndi woimba wa ku Germany yemwe adakonzanso ntchito zambiri zoyambirira za Weber ndikuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi phokoso la chida;
• A. Stadler - amatchedwa woyamba kuchita ntchito za Mozart;
• V. Sokolov - m'zaka za Soviet, woimbayo adalandiridwa ndi maholo athunthu a mafani a nyimbo zachikale m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dzikoli ndi kunja.

B. Goodman adachita bwino kwambiri mu jazi. Amatchedwa "King of Swing". Chochititsa chidwi chikugwirizana ndi dzina la jazzman - pa imodzi mwa malonda a ku Ulaya chida chake chinagulitsidwa madola 25. Sukulu ya ku Russia yochita masewerawa imachokera ku zochitika ndi ntchito ya S. Rozanov. Mabuku amakono amapangidwa ndi zojambula zake. Monga pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory, iye anatenga gawo pakupanga mapulogalamu a maphunziro, malinga ndi zomwe oimba akuphunzitsidwa lero.