Plagal cadence |

Plagal cadence (Late Latin plagalis, kuchokera ku Greek plagios - lateral, indirect) - imodzi mwa mitundu ya cadence (1), yomwe imadziwika ndi maphunziro ogwirizana S ndi T (IV-I, II65-I, VII43-I, etc.); zotsutsana ndi zowona. cadence (D - T) monga chachikulu, chachikulu. mtundu. Pali zonse (S - T) ndi theka (T - S) P. ku. Mu normative P. to. kamvekedwe ka tonic yothetsera ilipo (kapena imatanthawuza) mu mgwirizano wa S ndipo sichimveka chatsopano poyambitsa T; kugwirizana ndi izi zidzasonyeza. chikhalidwe cha P. to. imafewetsedwa, ngati kuti ndi yachindunji (mosiyana ndi cadence yeniyeni, yomwe imadziwika ndi khalidwe lolunjika, lotseguka, lakuthwa). Nthawi zambiri P. to. idagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa zowona ngati zotsimikizira komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera kufewetsa (“Offertorium” mu Mozart's Requiem).

Mawu akuti "P. ku.” amabwerera ku mayina a Middle Ages. frets (mawu akuti plagii, plagioi, plagi amatchulidwa kale m'zaka za zana la 8-9 m'mabuku a Alcuin ndi Aurelian). Kusamutsidwa kwa mawuwa kuchokera kumachitidwe kupita ku cadence ndikovomerezeka pokhapokha pogawa ma cadence kukhala ofunika kwambiri komanso osafunikira, koma osati pozindikira makalata amtundu (V - I = enieni, IV - I = pulagi), chifukwa mu Middle Ages plagal. frets (mwachitsanzo, mu kamvekedwe ka II, ndi chigoba: A - d - a) pakati sanali phokoso lapansi (A), koma finalis (d), mogwirizana ndi Krom, mu njira zambiri plagal palibe kumtunda kosakhazikika (onani systematics frets ndi G. Zarlino, "Le istitutioni harmoniche", gawo IV, mutu 10-13).

Monga luso. zochitika za P. to. imakhazikika kumapeto kwa zolinga zambiri. nyimbo zimasewera ngati crystallization yokha idzatha. kusintha (nthawi yomweyo ndi cadence yeniyeni). Chifukwa chake, mawu oti ars antiqua era "Qui d'amours" (kuchokera ku Montpellier Codex) amamaliza ndi P. k.:

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M'zaka za zana la 14 P. mpaka. chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomaliza. kubweza, komwe kuli ndi mitundu ina, kumveka bwino (G. de Machaux, 4th ndi 32nd ballads, 4th rondo). Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 15 P. mpaka. imakhala (pamodzi ndi yowona) imodzi mwa mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya ma harmonics. mfundo. P. kuti. si zachilendo mu mapeto a polyphonic. nyimbo za Renaissance, makamaka pafupi ndi Palestrina (onani, mwachitsanzo, ma cadences omaliza a Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Agnus Dei a Misa ya Papa Marcello); chifukwa chake dzina lina P. k. - "kadanza mpingo". Kenako (makamaka m’zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18) P. mpaka. mu njira. muyesowo umakankhidwira pambali ndi wowona ndipo monga muyeso womaliza umagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo kuposa m'zaka za zana la 16. (mwachitsanzo, mapeto a gawo la mawu a aria "Es ist vollbracht" kuchokera ku cantata ya 159 ndi JS Bach).

M'zaka za zana la 19 P. mtengo wa. kumawonjezeka. L. Beethoven ankagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. VV Stasov adanenanso kuti mu ntchito za "nthawi yotsiriza ya Beethoven munthu sangalephere kuzindikira gawo lofunika kwambiri la "plagal cadences". M'mawonekedwe awa, adawona "ubale waukulu ndi wapamtima ndi zomwe zidadzaza moyo wake (Beethoven)." Stasov adawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kwa P. to. mu nyimbo za mbadwo wotsatira wa olemba (F. Chopin ndi ena). P.k. idakhala yofunika kwambiri kuchokera kwa MI Glinka, yemwe adachita bwino kwambiri kupeza mafomu omaliza omaliza ntchito zazikuluzikulu za opaleshoni. Tonic imatsogozedwa ndi gawo lotsika la VI (mapeto a 1st act of opera Ruslan ndi Lyudmila), ndi siteji ya IV (aria ya Susanin), ndi siteji ya II (mapeto a 2nd act of opera Ivan Susanin) , etc. plagal mawu (kwaya ya Poles mu kuchita 4 wa opera yemweyo). Express. chikhalidwe cha P. to. Glinka nthawi zambiri amatsatira pamutuwu. tonations (mapeto a "Perisiya Choir" mu opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila") kapena kuchokera motsatizana osalala ogwirizana, ogwirizana ndi umodzi wa kayendedwe (chiyambi cha aria Ruslan mu opera yomweyo).

M'mawu omveka bwino a mgwirizano wa Glinka, VO Berkov adawona "mayendedwe ndi zisonkhezero za kugwirizana kwa nyimbo zachi Russia ndi chikondi cha azungu." Ndipo mu ntchito ya kenako Russian. classics, plagality nthawi zambiri ankagwirizana ndi tonations Russian. nyimbo, khalidwe modal mitundu. Zina mwa zitsanzo zowonetsera ndi kwaya ya anthu akumudzi ndi kwaya ya anyamata "Kwa ife, mwana wamkazi, osati kwa nthawi yoyamba" kuchokera ku opera "Prince Igor" ndi Borodin; kutha kwa nyimbo ya Varlaam "Monga momwe zinalili mumzinda wa Kazan" kuchokera ku opera "Boris Godunov" ndi Mussorgsky ndi ndondomeko ya II otsika - I masitepe komanso harmonica yowopsya kwambiri. kutembenuka: V otsika - Ndimalowa mu kwaya "Obalalika, kuyeretsedwa" kuchokera ku opera yomweyi; Nyimbo ya Sadko "O, iwe nkhalango yakuda ya thundu" kuchokera ku opera "Sadko" yolemba Rimsky-Korsakov, nyimbo za Kitezh zisanamira mu opera yake "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh".

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa kamvekedwe koyambira m'mayimbidwe pamaso pa tonic, pamapeto pake, kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa plagality ndi kutsimikizika kumachitika. Fomu iyi imabwerera ku P. k. yakale, yomwe imakhala ndi kutsatizana kwa terzquartaccord ya digiri ya XNUMX ndi katatu ya digiri ya XNUMXst ndi kayendedwe ka mawu oyambira mu tonic.

Zopambana za ku Russia zachikale mu gawo la plagality zinapangidwanso mu nyimbo za olowa m'malo awo - kadzidzi. olemba. Makamaka, SS Prokofiev imasintha kwambiri nyimboyi pamaganizo a plagal, mwachitsanzo. mu Andante caloroso kuchokera ku sonata ya 7 ya piyano.

Gawo la P. to. akupitiriza kulemeretsedwa ndi kupangidwa mu nyimbo zaposachedwa, zomwe sizimataya kukhudzana ndi zachikale. mawonekedwe a harmonic. magwiridwe antchito.

Zothandizira: Stasov VV, Lber einige neue Form der heutigen Musik, "NZfM", 1858, No1-4; chimodzimodzi mu Russian. langa. pamutu wakuti: Pamitundu ina ya nyimbo zamakono, Sobr. soch., v. 3, St. Petersburg, 1894; Berkov VO, Glinka's Harmony, M.-L., 1948; Trambitsky VN, Plagality ndi maulumikizidwe okhudzana nawo mu mgwirizano wanyimbo zaku Russia, mu: Mafunso a Musicology, vol. 2, M., 1955. Onaninso lit. pansi pa zolemba Authentic Cadence, Harmony, Cadence (1).

V. V. Protopopov, Yu. Inde. Kholopov