Zara Alexandrovna Dolukhanova |
Zara Dolukhanova
Iye anabadwa March 15, 1918 mu Moscow. Bambo - Makaryan Agassi Markovich. Mayi - Makaryan Elena Gaykovna. Mlongo - Dagmara Alexandrovna. Ana: Mikhail Dolukhanyan, Sergey Yadrov. Adzukulu: Alexander, Igor.
Amayi ake a Zara anali ndi mawu owoneka bwino kwambiri. Anaphunzira kuimba ndi AV Yuryeva, woimba yekha wotchuka, comrade-m-manja ndi bwenzi la AV Nezhdanova m'mbuyomu, ndipo adaphunzitsidwa luso la limba ndi VV Barsova, wamng'ono kwambiri m'zaka zimenezo, m'tsogolomu prima donna wa Bolshoi Theatre. . Bambo anga anali injiniya wamakina, amakonda nyimbo, ankadziwa kuimba violin ndi piyano pawokha, anali woyimba zitoliro m'gulu la oimba achisangalalo. Choncho, ana aakazi aluso makolo, Dagmara ndi Zara, kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo wawo, anali mu mlengalenga wodzaza ndi nyimbo, kuyambira ali wamng'ono iwo anaphunzitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chenicheni nyimbo. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu, Zara wamng'ono anayamba kuphunzira piyano pa Karandasheva-Yakovleva, ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi adalowa sukulu ya nyimbo ya ana yotchedwa KN Igumnov. Kale m'chaka chachitatu cha maphunziro, motsogoleredwa ndi mphunzitsi wake SN Nikiforova, iye ankaimba sonatas Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, oyambirira Bach ndi fugues. Posakhalitsa Zara anasamukira ku kalasi ya violin ndipo patapita chaka anakhala wophunzira pa Gnessin Music College, kumene anaphunzira kuchokera 1933 mpaka 1938.
Mu sukulu luso luso, mlangizi wake anali mbuye kwambiri, amene analera mlalang'amba lonse laureates wotchuka violin, Pyotr Abramovich Bondarenko, pulofesa wa Gnessin Institute ndi Conservatory. Pomaliza, Zara wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, atalowa nawo ntchito ziwiri zoimbira, adapeza njira yake yayikulu. The ubwino mu chipinda woyimba ndi mphunzitsi VM Belyaeva-Tarasevich. Mphunzitsiyo, podalira manotsi apachifuwa achilengedwe komanso okongola, adazindikira kuti mawu ake ndi mezzo-soprano. Maphunziro ndi Vera Manuilovna anathandiza mawu a woimba wamtsogolo kuti akule bwino, anayala maziko olimba a chitukuko chowonjezereka.
Zaka zophunzira za Zara ku College of Music zikugwirizana ndi tsiku la kupeka kwa wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia ndi kusukulu. Mu Conservatory ndi Column Hall of the House of Unions, pamodzi ndi ojambula apakhomo, otchuka akunja omwe adachita, ambuye am'badwo wakale adasinthidwa ndi opambana achichepere, ogwirizana nawo amtsogolo a woimbayo. Koma mpaka pano, m'zaka za m'ma 30, iye sanaganize n'komwe za siteji akatswiri ndi wosiyana ndi anzake - novice ophunzira okha bwino kwambiri ndi kuzama, wosatopeka ludzu la zokumana nazo zatsopano. Mwa oimba apanyumba, Zare m'zaka zimenezo anali pafupi kwambiri ndi NA Obukhova, MP Maksakova, VA Davydova, ND Shpiller, S.Ya. Lemeshev. Woyimba zida zaposachedwa, Zara wachichepere adakopa chidwi chambiri pamakonsati a oyimba zeze, oyimba piyano, ndi ma ensembles akuchipinda.
Kukula kwaukadaulo kwa Zara Alexandrovna, kukula ndi kuwongolera kwa luso lake sizinali kugwirizananso ndi bungwe la maphunziro. Popanda maphunziro ku sukulu luso, iye anachoka ku Yerevan pa zifukwa zaumwini - msonkhano ndi Aleksandrom Pavlovich Dolukhanyan, wamng'ono, wokongola, luso, chikondi ndi ukwati anasintha kwambiri moyo mwachizolowezi kangome ya wolondola, wophunzira mwakhama. Phunzirolo linasokonezedwa posachedwa mayeso omaliza asanafike. Dolukhanyan adatenga udindo wa mphunzitsi wamawu ndipo adatsimikizira mkazi wake kuti amakonda mtundu wa banja la "Conservatory", makamaka popeza anali munthu yemwe anali waluso kwambiri pamawu ndiukadaulo, yemwe amadziwa komanso amakonda kugwira nawo ntchito. oimba, ndipo pambali pake, woyimba wa erudite wamkulu, nthawi zonse amatsimikiza za kulondola kwake. Anamaliza maphunziro a piyano ku Leningrad Conservatory, ndipo mu 1935 adamaliza maphunziro ake ndi SI Savshinsky, pulofesa wolemekezeka kwambiri, wamkulu wa dipatimenti, ndipo atangokwatirana anayamba kusintha ndi N. Ya. Myaskovsky Kale ku Yerevan, kuphunzitsa piyano ndi makalasi a chipinda ku Conservatory, Dolukhanyan anapereka makonsati ambiri pamodzi ndi Pavel Lisitsian wamng'ono. Zara Alexandrovna amakumbukira nthawi imeneyi ya moyo wake, wodzipereka ku zilandiridwenso, kudzikundikira luso, monga wosangalala ndi zipatso.
Kuyambira m'dzinja mu 1938 ku Yerevan, woimbayo mosadziwa adalowa nawo zisudzo ndipo adamva chisangalalo chokonzekera zaka khumi za luso lachi Armenia ku Moscow, akudandaula za achibale ake - omwe adachita nawo msonkhano: pambuyo pake, chaka chimodzi asanakwatirane ndi Dolukhanyan. , adakwatiwa ndi nyenyezi yotuluka pa siteji ya Armenia - baritone Pavel Lisitsian Dagmar mlongo wamkulu adatuluka. Mabanja onse mu mphamvu zonse mu October 1939 anapita ku Moscow kwa zaka khumi. Ndipo posakhalitsa Zara anakhala soloist wa Yerevan Theatre.
Dolukhanova adachita ngati Dunyasha mu The Tsar's Bride, Polina mu Queen of Spades. Ma opera onsewa adachitidwa motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera MA Tavrizian, wojambula wokhwima komanso wovuta. Kutenga nawo mbali pazopanga zake ndi chiyeso chachikulu, chiyeso choyamba cha kukhwima. Pambuyo yopuma pang'ono chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa mwana ndi kukhala ndi mwamuna wake mu Moscow, Zara Alexandrovna anabwerera ku Yerevan Theatre, kunali kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, ndipo anapitiriza kugwira ntchito pa opera mbali mezzo-soprano. nyimbo. Moyo wanyimbo wa likulu la Armenia pa nthawiyo unapitirira mwamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa cha oimba kwambiri anasamutsidwa ku Yerevan. Woimba wachinyamatayo anali ndi wina woti aphunzirepo popanda kuchepetsa kukula kwake kwa luso. Munthawi zingapo zantchito ku Yerevan, Zara Dolukhanova adakonzekera ndikuchita gawo la Countess de Ceprano ndi Tsamba ku Rigoletto, Emilia ku Othello, Mtsikana Wachiwiri ku Anush, Gayane ku Almast, Olga ku Eugene Onegin. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi pa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi - kutsanzikana ndi zisudzo! Chifukwa chiyani? Woyamba kuyankha funso lovutali, pozindikira kusintha komwe kukubwera, anali Mikael Tavrizian, wotsogolera wamkulu wa Yerevan Opera panthawiyo. Kumapeto kwa 1943, iye anamva momveka bwino kudumpha kwa khalidwe lopangidwa ndi wojambula wamng'ono pakukula kwa luso lakuchita, adawona kuwala kwapadera kwa coloratura, mitundu yatsopano ya timbre. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti mbuye wopangidwa kale anali kuimba, amene ankayembekezera tsogolo lowala, koma osagwirizana ndi zisudzo, m'malo konsati. Malingana ndi woimbayo mwiniwakeyo, kuyimba kwa chipinda kunamupatsa mwayi wofuna kutanthauzira payekha komanso ntchito yaulere, yopanda malire pa kumveka bwino kwa mawu.
Kuyesetsa kumveketsa bwino mawu ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira za woimbayo. Anakwaniritsa izi makamaka pochita ntchito za A. ndi D. Scarlatti, A. Caldara, B. Marcello, J. Pergolesi ndi ena. Zojambulidwa za nyimbo zimenezi zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri pophunzitsa kwa oimba. Momveka bwino, gulu la woimbayo linawululidwa mu ntchito ya Bach ndi Handel. Zochita za Zara Dolukhanova zinaphatikizapo maulendo a mawu ndi ntchito za F. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, I. Brahms, R. Strauss, komanso Mozart, Beethoven, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Sviridov ndi ena. Nyimbo zaku Russia mu repertoire woimbayo adapereka mapulogalamu onse otalikirapo. Mwa olemba amasiku ano, Zara Alexandrovna adagwiranso ntchito ndi Y. Shaporin, R. Shchedrin, S. Prokofiev, A. Dolukhanyan, M. Tariverdiev, V. Gavrilin, D. Kabalevsky ndi ena.
Ntchito zaluso za Dolukhanova zimatengera zaka makumi anayi. Anaimba m’maholo ochitira konsati abwino kwambiri ku Ulaya, North ndi South America, Asia, Australia ndi New Zealand. M'malo ambiri oimba nyimbo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, woimbayo ankaimba nthawi zonse komanso bwino kwambiri.
Luso la ZA Dolukhanova limayamikiridwa kwambiri mdziko muno komanso kunja. Mu 1951, adalandira Mphotho ya Boma chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri pamakonsati. Mu 1952, iye anali kupereka udindo wa Analemekeza Chithunzi cha Armenia, ndiyeno, mu 1955 - Chithunzi Anthu a Armenia. Mu 1956, ZA Dolukhanova - People's Artist wa RSFSR. Pa February 6, Paul Robeson anapatsa Dolukhanova Certificate of Graciation yomwe inaperekedwa kwa iye ndi World Peace Council mogwirizana ndi chaka chakhumi cha gulu la mtendere lapadziko lonse “Chifukwa cha zimene anachita pakulimbikitsa mtendere ndi ubwenzi pakati pa anthu.” Mu 1966, woimba woyamba wa Soviet, Z. Dolukhanova, anapatsidwa mphoto ya Lenin. Mu 1990, woimbayo analandira udindo wolemekezeka wa People's Artist wa USSR. Chidwi chosazimitsidwa pa ntchito yake chikuwonekeranso kuti, mwachitsanzo, mu nthawi ya 1990 mpaka 1995, ma CD asanu ndi atatu adatulutsidwa ndi makampani a Melodiya, Monitor, Austro Mechana ndi Russian Disc.
PER. Dolukhanova anali pulofesa pa Gnessin Russian Academy of Music ndipo anaphunzitsa kalasi pa Gnessin Institute, nawo mwachangu nawo mpikisano wa nyimbo. Ali ndi ophunzira opitilira 30, ambiri mwa iwo adakhala aphunzitsi.
Anamwalira pa December 4, 2007 ku Moscow.
