Alberto Ginastera |

Alberto Ginastera

Alberto Ginastera ndi wopeka nyimbo waku Argentina, woimba wodziwika bwino ku Latin America. Ntchito zake zimaganiziridwa moyenera pakati pa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za nyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX.

Alberto Ginastera anabadwira ku Buenos Aires pa Epulo 11, 1916, m'banja la anthu ochokera ku Italy-Catalan. Anayamba kuphunzira nyimbo ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo adalowa mu Conservatory ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. M'zaka za ophunzira ake adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyimbo za Debussy ndi Stravinsky. Chisonkhezero cha olemba ameneŵa chingawonedwe kumlingo wakutiwakuti m’zolemba zake zaumwini. Wolembayo sanasunge nyimbo zake zoyamba zomwe zidalembedwa isanafike 1936. Amakhulupirira kuti ena adakumana ndi vuto lomwelo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zofuna za Ginastera komanso kutsutsa ntchito yake. Mu 1939, Ginastera bwinobwino maphunziro a Conservatory. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, anamaliza imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zazikulu zoyambirira - ballet "Panambi", yomwe inachitika pa siteji ya Teatro Colon mu 1940.

Mu 1942, Ginastera analandira Guggenheim Fellowship ndipo anapita ku United States, kumene anaphunzira ndi Aaron Copland. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta kwambiri zolembera, ndipo kalembedwe kake katsopano kamadziwika kuti ndi dziko lokhazikika, lomwe wolemba akupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zachikhalidwe ndi zotchuka za nyimbo za ku Argentina. Nyimbo zodziwika kwambiri za nthawiyi ndi "Pampeana no. 3” (Ubusa wa Symphonic mumayendedwe atatu) ndi Piano Sonata No.

Atabwerera kuchokera ku USA kupita ku Argentina, adayambitsa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku La Plata, komwe adaphunzitsa kuyambira 1948 mpaka 1958. Pakati pa ophunzira ake ndi olemba tsogolo Astor Piazzolla ndi Gerardo Gandini. Mu 1962, Ginastera, pamodzi ndi olemba ena, adapanga Latin American Center for Musical Research ku Instituto Torcuato di Tella. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, anasamukira ku Geneva, kumene amakhala ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, cellist Aurora Natola.

Alberto Ginastera anamwalira pa June 25, 1983. Anaikidwa m'manda a Plainpalais ku Geneva.

Alberto Ginastera ndi mlembi wa zisudzo ndi ballets. Zina mwa ntchito za wopeka ndi concertos kwa limba, cello, violin, zeze. Walemba ntchito zambiri za oimba a symphony, piyano, nyimbo za zisudzo ndi sinema, zachikondi, ndi ntchito zapachipinda.

Katswiri wina wa nyimbo, dzina lake Sergio Pujol, analemba za wolemba nyimboyo m’buku lake la 2013 lakuti One Hundred Years of Musical Argentina: “Ginastera anali katswiri wanyimbo zamaphunziro apamwamba, mtundu wanyimbo paokha, ndipo anali munthu wofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha dzikolo kwa zaka makumi anayi.”

Ndipo apa ndi momwe Alberto Ginastera adadziwira lingaliro lolemba nyimbo: "Kupanga nyimbo, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndikofanana ndi kupanga zomangamanga. Mu nyimbo, kamangidwe kameneka kakuchitika pakapita nthawi. Ndipo ngati, patapita nthawi, ntchitoyo ikhalabe ndi lingaliro la ungwiro wamkati, wosonyezedwa mu mzimu, tinganene kuti woipekayo anatha kupanga zomanga zomwezo.”

Nadia Koval

Zolemba:

machitidwe – Airport (Aeroporto, opera buffa, 1961, Bergamo), Don Rodrigo (1964, Buenos Aires), Bomarso (pambuyo M. Lines, 1967, Washington), Beatrice Cenci (1971, ibid); ballet - nthano ya choreographic Panambi (1937, yomwe idachitika mu 1940, Buenos Aires), Estancia (1941, yomwe idachitika mu 1952, ibid; kusindikiza kwatsopano 1961), Usiku wa Tender (Tender night; cantatas - Magical America (America magica, 1960), Milena (kulemba ndi F. Kafka, 1970); za orchestra - 2 symphonies (Portegna - Porteсa, 1942; elegiac - Sinfonia elegiaca, 1944), Creole Faust Overture (Fausto criollo, 1943), Toccata, Villancico ndi Fugue (1947), Pampean No. 3 (symphonic pastoral, 1953 Variations1953), Concert1965 (Variaciones concertates, for chamber orchestra, XNUMX); concerto kwa zingwe (XNUMX); zoimbaimba ndi orchestra - 2 ya piyano (Argentinian, 1941; 1961), ya violin (1963), ya cello (1966), ya zeze (1959); ma ensembles a chipinda - Pampean No. 1 ya violin ndi piyano (1947), Pampean No. 2 ya cello ndi piyano (1950), 2 zingwe quartets (1948, 1958), piano quintet (1963); za piyano - Zovina zaku Argentina (Danzas argentinas, 1937), ma preludes 12 aku America (12 american preludes, 1944), mavinidwe amtundu wa Creole (Danzas criollas, 1946), sonata (1952); kwa mawu okhala ndi zida zoimbira - Nyimbo za Tucuman (Cantos del Tucumán, ndi chitoliro, violin, zeze ndi ng'oma 2, nyimbo za RX Sanchez, 1938) ndi ena; zachikondi; processing - Nyimbo zisanu zaku Argentina zamawu ndi piyano (Cinco canciones populares argentinas, 1943); nyimbo sewero "Olyantai" (1947), etc.