Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |

Alexander Kholminov

Ntchito ya A. Kholminov yadziwika kwambiri m'dziko lathu komanso kunja. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa chilichonse cha ntchito zake, kaya ndi nyimbo, opera, symphony, zimakopa munthu, zimayambitsa chifundo. Kuwona mtima kwa mawuwo, kuyanjana kumapangitsa womvera kukhala wosazindikira ku zovuta za chilankhulo cha nyimbo, maziko ozama omwe ndi nyimbo yoyambirira ya Chirasha. “M’zochitika zonse, nyimbo ziyenera kukhala zopambana pa ntchitoyo,” akutero wolemba nyimboyo. "Njira zaukadaulo ndizofunikira, koma ndimakonda kuganiza. Lingaliro lanyimbo zatsopano ndilosowa kwambiri, ndipo, m'malingaliro mwanga, lili pa chiyambi cha nyimbo.

Kholminov anabadwira m'banja la anthu ogwira ntchito. Zaka zake zaubwana zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yovuta, yotsutsana, koma kwa mnyamatayo moyo unali wotsegukira ku mbali yake yolenga, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chidwi cha nyimbo chinatsimikiziridwa mofulumira kwambiri. Ludzu lazokonda za nyimbo linakhutitsidwa ndi wailesi, yomwe inawonekera m'nyumba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30, yomwe imafalitsa nyimbo zambiri zachikale, makamaka zisudzo zaku Russia. M'zaka zimenezo, chifukwa wailesi, ankaona ngati konsati mwangwiro, ndipo kenako anakhala mbali ya zisudzo Kholminov. Chinanso champhamvu kwambiri chinali filimu yomveka, ndipo koposa zonse, chojambula chodziwika bwino cha Chapaev. Ndani akudziwa, mwinamwake, zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, chilakolako cha ubwana chinalimbikitsa woimba nyimbo ya opera Chapaev (zochokera m'buku la dzina lomwelo la D. Furmanov ndi masewero a abale a Vasiliev).

Mu 1934, makalasi anayamba pa sukulu ya nyimbo m'chigawo cha Baumansky ku Moscow. N’zoona kuti ndinalibe chida choimbira chifukwa kunalibe ndalama zogulira. Makolo sanasokoneze chilakolako cha nyimbo, koma anali otanganidwa ndi kudzikonda kumene woimba wamtsogolo anali kuchita nawo, nthawi zina amaiwala za china chirichonse. Ngakhale kuti sanadziwe za njira yopangira, Sasha, pokhala mwana wasukulu, analemba opera yake yoyamba, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, yomwe inatayika m'zaka za nkhondo, ndipo pofuna kuyimba, adaphunzira yekha F. .Buku la Gevart ku Instrumentation mwangozi linagwera mmanja mwake.

Mu 1941, makalasi a pasukulupo anatha. Kwa nthawi ndithu, Kholminov ankagwira ntchito ku Military Academy. Frunze mu gawo loimba, mu 1943 analowa mu sukulu ya nyimbo pa Moscow Conservatory, ndipo mu 1944 analowa Conservatory mu kalasi zikuchokera An. Alexandrov, ndiye E. Golubeva. Kukula kwa kulenga kwa wolembayo kunapita mofulumira. nyimbo zake mobwerezabwereza anaimba kwaya wophunzira ndi oimba, ndi zilandiridwenso limba ndi "Cossack Song", amene analandira mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano Conservatory, anamveka pa wailesi.

Kholminov anamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory mu 1950 ndi symphonic ndakatulo "The Young Guard", nthawi yomweyo analoledwa ku Union of Composers, ndipo posakhalitsa kupambana kwakukulu ndi kuzindikira kunadza kwa iye. Mu 1955, iye analemba "Nyimbo ya Lenin" (pa stanza ya Yu. Kamenetsky), yomwe D. Kabalevsky anati: "Malingaliro anga, Kholminov adapambana pa ntchito yoyamba yojambula bwino yoperekedwa kwa fano la mtsogoleri." Kupambana kunatsimikizira njira yotsatsira - imodzi ndi imodzi wopanga nyimbo amapanga nyimbo. Koma maloto a opera ankakhala mu moyo wake, ndipo, atakana maulendo angapo okopa ochokera ku Mosfilm, wolembayo anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 5 pa opera ya Optimistic Tragedy (yochokera pa sewero la Vs. Vishnevsky), pomaliza mu 1964. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, opera anakhala mtundu wotsogolera mu ntchito ya Kholminov. Mpaka 1987, 11 a iwo analengedwa, ndipo mwa iwo onse wopeka anatembenukira ku nkhani za dziko, kuwatengera ku ntchito za olemba Russian ndi Soviet. “Ndimakonda kwambiri mabuku a Chirasha chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino, kukwera kwake kwa makhalidwe abwino, luso lawo laluso, maganizo ake, ndiponso kuzama kwake. Ndinawerenga mawu a Gogol ofunika kulemera kwake kwa golide,” akutero wolemba nyimboyo.

Mu opera, kugwirizana ndi miyambo ya Russian classical school kumawoneka bwino. Anthu a ku Russia pa kusintha kwa mbiri ya dziko ("Optimistic tragedy, Chapaev"), vuto lachidziwitso choopsa cha moyo wa Russia (B. Asafiev) kupyolera mu tsogolo la umunthu waumunthu kuchokera kwa munthu payekha, maganizo a maganizo ("The Abale Karamazov "Wolemba F. Dostoevsky; "The Overcoat" lolemba N Gogol, "Vanka, Ukwati" lolemba A. Chekhov, "Twelfth Series" lolemba V. Shukshin) - ichi ndi cholinga cha ntchito ya Kholminov. Ndipo mu 1987 iye analemba opera "Steelworkers" (kuchokera pa sewero la dzina lomwelo ndi G. Bokarev). "Chidwi chaukatswiri chinabuka kuyesa kuyika mutu wamakono wopangira zisudzo."

Zopindulitsa kwambiri pa ntchito ya wolembayo zinali mgwirizano wautali ndi Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre ndi wotsogolera luso lake B. Pokrovsky, yomwe inayamba mu 1975 ndi kupanga ma opera awiri opangidwa ndi Gogol - "The Overcoat" ndi "Carriage". Zomwe zinachitikira Kholminov zinapangidwa mu ntchito ya olemba ena a Soviet ndipo zinalimbikitsa chidwi mu chipinda cha zisudzo. "Kwa ine, Kholminov ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ine monga woimba yemwe amalemba zisudzo za chipinda," anatero Pokrovsky. “Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti amazilemba osati mwadongosolo, koma motsatira zimene mtima wake ukunena. Choncho, mwina, ntchito zimene amapereka kwa zisudzo wathu nthawi zonse original. Wotsogolerayo adawona bwino kwambiri mbali yayikulu ya chilengedwe cha woimbayo, yemwe kasitomala wake nthawi zonse amakhala moyo wake. "Ndiyenera kukhulupirira kuti iyi ndi ntchito yomwe ndiyenera kulemba. Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisadzipange ndekha, kuti ndisabwerezenso ndekha, nthawi iliyonse ndikayang'ana njira zina zamawu. Komabe, ndimachita izi molingana ndi zosowa zanga zamkati. Poyamba, panali chikhumbo chachikulu frescoes siteji nyimbo, ndiye lingaliro la opera chipinda, amene amalola kugwera mu kuya kwa moyo wa munthu, chidwi. Pokhapokha atakula adalemba symphony yake yoyamba, pamene adawona kuti panali kufunikira kosatsutsika kuti adziwonetsere mu mawonekedwe akuluakulu a symphonic. Pambuyo pake adatembenukira ku mtundu wa quartet (panalinso chosowa!)

Zoonadi, nyimbo za symphony ndi chipinda-zida, kuwonjezera pa ntchito payekha, zikuwonekera mu ntchito ya Kholminov mu 7080s. Awa ndi ma symphonies a 3 (Choyamba - 1973; Chachiwiri, choperekedwa kwa abambo ake - 1975; Chachitatu, polemekeza zaka 600 za "Nkhondo ya Kulikovo" - 1977), "Greeting Overture" (1977), "Chikondwerero cha Ndakatulo" ( 1980), Concert-symphony ya chitoliro ndi zingwe (1978), Concerto for cello and chamber choir (1980), 3 zingwe quartets (1980, 1985, 1986) ndi ena. Kholminov ali ndi nyimbo zamakanema, ntchito zingapo zamawu ndi zomveka, "Album ya Ana" yosangalatsa ya piyano.

Kholminov si okha ntchito yake. Amachita chidwi ndi mabuku, kujambula, zomangamanga, amakopa kulankhulana ndi anthu a ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Wolembayo akufufuza mosalekeza, amagwira ntchito molimbika komanso molimbika pa nyimbo zatsopano - kumapeto kwa 1988, Music for Strings ndi Concerto grosso ya orchestra yachipinda idamalizidwa. Amakhulupirira kuti ntchito yolenga ya tsiku ndi tsiku yokha ndiyomwe imayambitsa kudzoza kwenikweni, kumabweretsa chisangalalo cha zomwe zapezedwa mwaluso.

O. Averyanova