Alexander Aleksandrovich Davidenko |
Alexander Davidenko
Muzojambula za Davidenko mulibe zambiri zolembedwa bwino, monganso palibe zithunzi za anthu ndi otchulidwa, kapena kuwululidwa kwa zochitika zapamtima, zapamtima; Chinthu chachikulu m'menemo ndi chinthu china - chifaniziro cha anthu ambiri, chikhumbo chawo, kukwera, kuthamanga ... D. Shostakovich
Mu 20-30s. Pakati pa olemba nyimbo a Soviet, A. Davidenko, wofalitsa mosatopa wa nyimbo zambiri, wotsogolera kwaya waluso, komanso munthu wodziwika bwino pagulu, adadziwika. Iye anali wopeka wa mtundu watsopano, kutumikira zaluso kwa iye kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito yophunzitsa yogwira ntchito komanso yosatopa pakati pa antchito, alimi amagulu, Red Army ndi amuna a Red Navy. Kulankhulana ndi unyinji kunali kofunika kwambiri ndi mkhalidwe wofunikira kuti akhalepo monga wojambula. Munthu wowala modabwitsa komanso nthawi yomvetsa chisoni, Davidenko anakhala moyo waufupi, alibe nthawi kukwaniritsa zolinga zake zonse. Anabadwira m'banja la wogwiritsa ntchito telegraph, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu adakhalabe mwana wamasiye (kenako adagwidwa ndi maganizo oipa kuti adzagawana tsogolo la makolo ake omwe anamwalira ali aang'ono), kuyambira ali ndi zaka 15. moyo wodziyimira pawokha, wopeza maphunziro. Mu 1917, iye, m’mawu ake, “anapereka chokoka” kuchokera ku seminare ya zaumulungu, kumene anatumizidwa ndi atate ake opeza ndi kumene anali wocheperapo m’maphunziro oyambirira, akungotengedwa ndi maphunziro a nyimbo.
Mu 1917-19. Davidenko anaphunzira pa Odessa Conservatory, mu 1919-21 anatumikira mu Red Army, ndiye anagwira ntchito mwadongosolo pa njanji. Chochitika chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake chinali chivomerezo chake mu 1922 ku Moscow Conservatory m'kalasi ya R. Gliere ndi kwaya Academy, kumene anaphunzira ndi A. Kastalsky. Kulenga kwa Davidenko kunali kosagwirizana. Zokonda zake zoyambirira, zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zakwaya ndi piyano zimazindikirika ndi kukhumudwa kwina. Iwo ndi autobiographical ndipo mosakayika okhudzana ndi zochitika zovuta za ubwana ndi unyamata. Zinthu zinasintha kwambiri m'chaka cha 1925, pamene mpikisano unalengezedwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale wa "nyimbo zosintha nyimbo" zabwino kwambiri zokumbukira VI Lenin. Pafupifupi 10 oimba achinyamata anatenga gawo mu mpikisano, amene ndiye anapanga pachimake cha "gulu la kupanga ophunzira oimba a Moscow Conservatory" (Prokoll), analengedwa pa zochita za Davidenko. Prokoll sanatenge nthawi yaitali (1925-29), koma adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga chitukuko cha oimba achinyamata, kuphatikizapo A. Khachaturian, D. Kabalevsky, M. Koval, I. Dzerzhinsky, V. Bely. Mfundo yaikulu ya gulu anali chikhumbo kulenga ntchito za moyo wa anthu Soviet. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chachikulu chinaperekedwa ku nyimbo ya anthu ambiri. Panthawiyo, mawu awa, pamodzi ndi lingaliro la "kuimba kwa anthu ambiri", amatanthauza kuyimba kwayaya yama polyphonic.
Mu nyimbo zake, Davidenko amagwiritsira ntchito mwachidwi zithunzi ndi njira zoimbira za nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu, komanso mfundo za zolemba zambiri. Izi zinali zowonekera kale mu nyimbo zoyamba za woimba nyimbo za kwaya za Budyonny's Cavalry (Art. N. Aseev), Nyanja Inalira Mokwiya (Folk Art), ndi Barge Haulers (Art. N. Nekrasov). Mu 1926, Davidenko adakhazikitsa lingaliro lake la "democratization of sonata and fugue forms" mu kwaya ya sonata "Working May", ndipo mu 1927 adapanga ntchito yabwino kwambiri "The Street is Worried", yomwe inali gawo la ntchito ya Procall - oratorio "Njira ya October". Ichi ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha ziwonetsero za ogwira ntchito ndi asitikali mu February 1917. Mawonekedwe a fugue pano amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mapangidwe aluso, adapangidwa kuti afotokozere zomwe zidakonzedwa mumsewu wosintha mawu ambiri.
Nyimbo zonse zimadzaza ndi mitundu ya anthu - nyimbo za ogwira ntchito, za asirikali, kung'anima, kusinthana wina ndi mzake, kuphatikiza ndi mutu waukulu, kuyipanga.
Chimake chachiwiri cha ntchito ya Davidenko chinali kwaya "Pa gawo la khumi", loperekedwa kwa ozunzidwa ndi kusintha kwa 1905. Linapangidwiranso oratorio "Njira ya October". Ntchito ziwirizi zimamaliza ntchito za Davidenko monga wotsogolera Procall.
M'tsogolo, Davidenko makamaka chinkhoswe mu nyimbo ndi maphunziro. Amayendayenda m'dziko lonse ndikukonzekera mabwalo a kwaya kulikonse, amawalembera nyimbo, amasonkhanitsa zinthu za ntchito zake. Chotsatira cha ntchito imeneyi chinali "Oyamba apakavalo, Nyimbo za Commissar People, Nyimbo ya Stepan Razin", makonzedwe a nyimbo za akaidi andale. Nyimbo "Iwo ankafuna kutimenya, ankafuna kutimenya" (Art. D. Poor) ndi "Vintovochka" (Art. N. Aseev) anali otchuka kwambiri. Mu 1930, Davidenko anayamba ntchito pa zisudzo "1919", koma ntchito yonse kunapezeka kuti si wopambana. Chochitika chakwaya chokha "Rise of the wagon" chinasiyanitsidwa ndi lingaliro lolimba mtima laluso.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake Davidenko anagwira ntchito mokwiya. Kubwerera kuchokera kudera la Chechen, amalenga zokongola kwambiri "Chechen Maapatimenti" kwaya cappella, ntchito yaikulu mawu ndi symphonic ntchito "Red Square", amatenga mbali yogwira ntchito nyimbo ndi maphunziro. Imfa inali kudikirira Davidenko kwenikweni pamalo omenyera nkhondo. Anamwalira pa May 1 pambuyo pa chiwonetsero cha May Day mu 1934. Nyimbo yake yomaliza "May Day Sun" (art. A. Zharova) inapatsidwa mphoto pa mpikisano wa People's Commissariat of Education. Maliro a Davidenko adakhala zachilendo pamwambo woterewu wanyimbo zazikulu - kwaya yamphamvu ya ophunzira a Conservatory ndi zisudzo zamasewera adachita nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za wopeka, motero amalemekeza kukumbukira woimba wodabwitsa - wokonda misa ya Soviet. nyimbo.
O. Kuznetsova
