Amelita Galli-Curci |

Amelita Galli-Curci

“Kuimba ndiye chosowa changa, moyo wanga. Ndikapezeka kuti ndili pachilumba chachipululu, ndikanayimbanso kumeneko… Sindingavomereze kukhala m'malo mwake. Mawu awa sikuti ndi chilengezo chokongola, koma pulogalamu yeniyeni yomwe idatsogolera woyimba wodziwika bwino waku Italy Galli-Curci pa ntchito yake yonse yolenga.

"M'badwo uliwonse nthawi zambiri umalamulidwa ndi woyimba wamkulu wa coloratura. M'badwo wathu udzasankha Galli-Curci ngati mfumukazi yawo yoyimba ... ”adatero Dilpel.

Amelita Galli-Curci anabadwa pa November 18, 1882 ku Milan, m'banja la wochita bizinesi wolemera Enrico Galli. Banjalo linalimbikitsa mtsikanayo kuti azikonda nyimbo. Izi ndizomveka - pambuyo pake, agogo ake aamuna anali kondakitala, ndipo agogo ake aakazi nthawi ina anali ndi soprano yokongola kwambiri ya coloratura. Ali ndi zaka zisanu, mtsikanayo anayamba kuimba piyano. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Amelita nthawi zonse amapita ku nyumba ya zisudzo, yomwe yakhala gwero lake lamphamvu kwambiri.

Mtsikana amene ankakonda kuimba ankafuna kutchuka ngati woimba, ndipo makolo ake ankafuna kuona Amelita ngati woimba piyano. Analowa ku Milan Conservatory, komwe adaphunzira piyano ndi Pulofesa Vincenzo Appiani. Mu 1905, adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Conservatory ndi mendulo ya golide ndipo posakhalitsa adakhala mphunzitsi wodziwika bwino wa piyano. Komabe, atamva woyimba piyano wamkulu Ferruccio Busoni, Amelita anazindikira momvetsa chisoni kuti sadzatha kukwaniritsa luso limeneli.

Tsogolo lake linasankhidwa ndi Pietro Mascagni, mlembi wa opera yotchuka ya Rural Honor. Atamva momwe Amelita, akutsagana naye pa piyano, akuyimba nyimbo ya Elvira kuchokera ku opera ya Bellini "Puritanes", wolemba nyimboyo anafuula kuti: "Amelita! Pali oimba piyano ambiri opambana, koma nkosowa chotani nanga kumva woyimba weniweni!.. Simumayimba bwino kuposa mazana ena…Mawu anu ndi odabwitsa! Inde, mudzakhala wojambula kwambiri. Koma osati woyimba piyano, ayi, woyimba!

Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika. Ataphunzira yekha kwa zaka ziwiri, luso la Amelita linayesedwa ndi wochititsa opera wina. Atatha kumvetsera machitidwe ake a aria kuchokera pachiwonetsero chachiwiri cha Rigoletto, adalimbikitsa Galli kwa mkulu wa nyumba ya opera ku Trani, yemwe anali ku Milan. Kotero iye anapeza kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu zisudzo tauni yaing'ono. Gawo loyamba - Gilda mu "Rigoletto" - linabweretsa woimbayo wachinyamatayo kukhala wopambana kwambiri ndipo anatsegula zina zake, zowoneka bwino kwambiri ku Italy. Udindo wa Gilda wakhala kuyambira kalekale kukhala chokongoletsera cha repertoire yake.

Mu April 1908, iye anali kale ku Rome - kwa nthawi yoyamba iye anachita pa siteji ya Costanzi Theatre. Mu gawo la Bettina, ngwazi ya Bizet wa sewero lanthabwala Don Procolio, Galli-Curci anasonyeza osati monga woyimba kwambiri, komanso waluso zisudzo zisudzo. Panthawiyo, wojambulayo anali atakwatira wojambula L. Curci.

Koma kuti akwaniritse bwino, Amelita amayenera kupitabe "internship" kunja. Woimbayo anachita mu nyengo ya 1908/09 ku Egypt, ndipo mu 1910 anapita ku Argentina ndi Uruguay.

Anabwerera ku Italy monga woimba wotchuka. Milan "Dal Verme" imamuitanira makamaka ku udindo wa Gilda, ndipo Neapolitan "San Carlo" (1911) amachitira umboni luso lapamwamba la Galli-Curci mu "La Sonnambula".

Pambuyo pa ulendo wina wa wojambula, m'chilimwe cha 1912, ku South America (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile), inali nthawi ya kupambana kwaphokoso ku Turin, Rome. M'manyuzipepala, pokumbukira momwe woimbayo adayimba apa, adalemba kuti: "Galli-Curci adabweranso ngati wojambula wathunthu."

Mu nyengo ya 1913/14, wojambulayo akuimba ku Real Madrid Theatre. La sonnambula, Puritani, Rigoletto, The Barber of Seville amamubweretsera chipambano chomwe sichinachitikepo m'mbiri ya nyumba ya opera iyi.

Mu February 1914, monga mbali ya gulu la masewero a ku Italy Galli-Curci, anafika ku St. Ku likulu la Russia, kwa nthawi yoyamba, amaimba mbali za Juliet (Romeo ndi Juliet ndi Gounod) ndi Filina (Thomas 'Mignon). M'masewera onse awiri, mnzake anali LV Sobinov. Umu ndi momwe kutanthauzira kwa heroine wa opera Tom ndi wojambulayo kunafotokozedwa m'nyuzipepala ya likulu: "Galli-Curci adawonekera kwa Filina wokongola. Mawu ake okongola, nyimbo ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zinamupatsa mwayi wobweretsa gawo la Filina patsogolo. Anayimba polonaise momveka bwino, pamapeto pake, malinga ndi zofuna za anthu onse, adabwereza, kutenga katatu "fa". Pa sitejiyi, amatsogolera bwino komanso mwatsopano. "

Koma korona wa kupambana kwake ku Russia anali La Traviata. Nyuzipepala ya Novoye Vremya inalemba kuti: “Galli-Curci ndi imodzi mwa mapiri a Violetta amene St. Ndiwowoneka bwino pa siteji komanso ngati woyimba. Anayimba nyimbo zamasewera oyamba modabwitsa ndipo, mwa njira, adazimaliza ndi cadenza yododometsa, yomwe sitinamvepo kuchokera kwa Sembrich kapena Boronat: china chake chodabwitsa komanso chokongola kwambiri. Anali wochita bwino kwambiri. ”…

Atawonekeranso m'dziko lakwawo, woimbayo akuimba ndi anzake amphamvu: wojambula wachinyamata Tito Skipa ndi baritone wotchuka Titta Ruffo. M'chilimwe cha 1915, pa Colon Theatre ku Buenos Aires, anaimba ndi Caruso lodziwika bwino mu Lucia. "Kupambana kodabwitsa kwa Galli-Curci ndi Caruso!", "Galli-Curci anali ngwazi yamadzulo!", "Osowa kwambiri pakati pa oimba" - umu ndi momwe otsutsa amderalo adawonera chochitikachi.

Pa November 18, 1916, Galli-Curci adamupanga ku Chicago. Pambuyo pa "Caro note" omvera adayamba kufuula kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Ndipo mumasewero ena - "Lucia", "La Traviata", "Romeo ndi Juliet" - woimbayo analandiridwa mwachikondi. "Woyimba Wopambana ku Coloratura Chiyambireni Patti", "Fabulous Voice" ndi mitu ina chabe m'manyuzipepala aku America. Chicago inatsatiridwa ndi kupambana ku New York.

M'buku lakuti "Vocal Parallels" lolembedwa ndi woimba wotchuka Giacomo Lauri-Volpi timawerenga kuti: "Kwa wolemba mizere iyi, Galli-Curci anali bwenzi ndipo, mwanjira ina, mulungu wamkazi panthawi yake yoyamba ya Rigoletto, yomwe inachitika mu kumayambiriro kwa January 1923 pa siteji ya Metropolitan Theatre ". Pambuyo pake, wolembayo adayimba naye kawiri kawiri ku Rigoletto komanso ku Barber ya Seville, Lucia, La Traviata, Manon a Massenet. Koma kuwonekera koyamba kugulu anakhalabe kwa moyo. Mawu a woimbayo amakumbukiridwa ngati akuwuluka, modabwitsa yunifolomu mumtundu, matte pang'ono, koma odekha kwambiri, olimbikitsa mtendere. Palibe "chibwana" chimodzi kapena cholembedwa. Mawu a mchitidwe wotsiriza "Kumeneko, kumwamba, pamodzi ndi amayi anga okondedwa ..." amakumbukiridwa ngati chozizwitsa cha mawu - chitoliro chinamveka m'malo mwa mawu.

M'dzinja la 1924, Galli-Curci anachita m'mizinda yoposa makumi awiri English. Konsati yoyamba ya woimbayo mu likulu la Albert Hall inachititsa chidwi omvera. "Zithumwa zamatsenga za Galli-Curci", "Ndinabwera, ndinaimba - ndikupambana!", "Galli-Curci adagonjetsa London!" - mosilira adalemba atolankhani akumaloko.

Galli-Curci sanadziphatikize ndi mapangano a nthawi yayitali ndi nyumba iliyonse ya opera, ndikusankha ufulu woyendera. Pambuyo pa 1924 woimbayo adapereka zokonda zake zomaliza ku Metropolitan Opera. Monga lamulo, nyenyezi za opera (makamaka panthawiyo) zinapereka chidwi chachiwiri ku siteji ya konsati. Kwa Galli-Curci, awa anali magawo awiri ofanana aluso zaluso. Komanso, kwa zaka zambiri, ntchito zamakonsati zidayambanso kupambana pabwalo la zisudzo. Ndipo atatha kunena zabwino kwa opera mu 1930, iye anapitiriza kupereka zoimbaimba m'mayiko ambiri kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo kulikonse anali bwino ndi omvera ambiri, chifukwa mu nyumba yake yosungiramo katundu luso Amelita Galli-Curci anasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphweka moona mtima, chithumwa. , zomveka bwino, zokopa demokalase.

"Palibe omvera opanda chidwi, mumadzipanga nokha," adatero woimbayo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Galli-Curci sanapereke msonkho ku zokonda zosasamala kapena mafashoni oipa - kupambana kwakukulu kwa wojambula kunali kupambana kwa kukhulupirika kwaluso ndi kukhulupirika.

Ndi kusatopa modabwitsa, amasuntha kuchoka ku dziko lina kupita ku lina, ndipo kutchuka kwake kumakula ndi machitidwe aliwonse, ndi konsati iliyonse. Maulendo ake odzaona malo ankadutsa m'mayiko akuluakulu a ku Ulaya ndi ku United States okha. Anamvera m’mizinda yambiri ya ku Asia, Africa, Australia ndi South America. Adachita ku zilumba za Pacific, adapeza nthawi yolemba zolemba.

"Mawu ake," akulemba motero katswiri wanyimbo VV Timokhin, wokongola mofanana mu coloratura ndi cantilena, ngati kulira kwa chitoliro chamatsenga chasiliva, chogonjetsedwa ndi chikondi chodabwitsa ndi chiyero. Kuyambira m'mawu oyamba omwe adayimbidwa ndi wojambulayo, omvera adachita chidwi ndi mawu osuntha komanso osalala omwe amamveka mosavuta…

... Galli-Curci ngati woimba wa coloratura, mwina, samamudziwa wofanana.

Kumveka bwino, phokoso la pulasitiki linatumikira wojambulayo ngati chinthu chodabwitsa chopangira zithunzi zosiyanasiyana za filigreely. Palibe amene adachita bwino kwambiri ndimeyi mu aria "Sempre libera" ("Kukhala mfulu, kukhala wosasamala") kuchokera ku "La Traviata", m'malo a Dinora kapena Lucia komanso mwanzeru zotere - ma cadenza mu yemweyo "Sempre libera" kapena "Waltz Juliet," ndipo ndizo zonse popanda kukangana pang'ono (ngakhale zolemba zapamwamba sizinapange chithunzi chapamwamba kwambiri), zomwe zingapatse omvera zovuta zaukadaulo za nambala yoyimba.

Luso la Galli-Curci linapangitsa anthu a m'nthawi yake kukumbukira za virtuosos zazikulu za m'zaka za m'ma 1914 ndi kunena kuti ngakhale olemba nyimbo omwe ankagwira ntchito mu nthawi ya "nthawi ya golidi" ya bel canto sakanatha kuganiza momveka bwino za ntchito zawo. "Bellini mwiniwake akadamva woyimba wodabwitsa ngati Galli-Curci, akanamuwomba m'manja kosatha," inalemba nyuzipepala ya Barcelona El Progreso mu XNUMX pambuyo poimba La sonnambula ndi Puritani. Ndemanga iyi ya otsutsa a ku Spain, omwe mopanda chifundo "adasokoneza" zowunikira zambiri za dziko la mawu, ndizowonetseratu. "Galli-Curci ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ungwiro momwe angathere," adavomereza zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake wotchuka wa ku America Geraldine Farrar (wochita bwino kwambiri pa maudindo a Gilda, Juliet ndi Mimi), atamvetsera Lucia di Lammermoor ku Chicago Opera. .

Woimbayo adasiyanitsidwa ndi repertoire yayikulu. Ngakhale kuti zidachokera ku nyimbo za opera za ku Italy - ntchito za Bellini, Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi, Leoncavallo, Puccini - zinachitanso bwino kwambiri m'maseŵera a oimba a ku France - Meyerbeer, Bizet, Gounod, Thomas, Massenet, Delibes. Kwa izi tiyenera kuwonjezera maudindo a Sophie mu R. Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier ndi udindo wa Mfumukazi ya Shemakhan mu Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel.

"Ntchito ya mfumukazi," wojambulayo adanena, "sikupitirira theka la ola, koma ndi theka la ola bwanji! Pakanthawi kochepa, woimbayo amakumana ndi zovuta zamtundu uliwonse, mwa zina, zomwe ngakhale olemba akale sakanabwera nawo.

M'chaka ndi chilimwe cha 1935 woimba anayendera India, Burma ndi Japan. Amenewo anali mayiko omalizira kumene ankaimba. Galli-Curci amachoka kwakanthawi pamasewera chifukwa cha matenda apakhosi omwe amafunikira kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

M'chaka cha 1936, pambuyo maphunziro kwambiri woimba anabwerera osati siteji konsati, komanso siteji opera. Koma sanakhalitse. Kuwonekera komaliza kwa Galli-Curci kunachitika mu nyengo ya 1937/38. Pambuyo pake, pamapeto pake adapuma pantchito ndikubwerera kwawo ku La Jolla (California).

Woimbayo anamwalira pa November 26, 1963.