Eugen Arturovich Kapp |

Eugen Kapp

“Nyimbo ndi moyo wanga…” M'mawu awa luso la kulenga la E. Kapp limafotokozedwa mwachidule kwambiri. Poganizira cholinga ndi chiyambi cha luso loimba, adatsindika; kuti “nyimbo zimatithandiza kufotokoza ukulu wonse wa malingaliro a nyengo yathu, kulemera konse kwa zenizeni. Nyimbo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzitsira anthu makhalidwe abwino. Kapp wagwira ntchito mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndi 6 operas, 2 ballets, operetta, 23 ntchito kwa symphony orchestra, 7 cantatas ndi oratorios, pafupifupi 300 nyimbo. Oimba zisudzo ali ndi malo ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yake.

Banja la oimba a Kapp lakhala mtsogoleri mu moyo wanyimbo wa Estonia kwa zaka zoposa zana. Agogo ake a Eugen, a Issep Kapp, anali oimba komanso kondakitala. Bambo - Arthur Kapp, atamaliza maphunziro awo ku St. Petersburg Conservatory m'kalasi ya limba ndi Pulofesa L. Gomilius komanso polemba ndi N. Rimsky-Korsakov, anasamukira ku Astrakhan, kumene anatsogolera nthambi ya m'deralo ya Russian Musical Society. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye ankagwira ntchito monga mkulu wa sukulu nyimbo. Kumeneko, ku Astrakhan, Eugen Kapp anabadwa. Luso lanyimbo la mnyamatayo lidawonekera koyambirira. Kuphunzira kuimba piyano, amayesa koyamba kulemba nyimbo. Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo chomwe chinkalamulira m'nyumba, misonkhano ya Eugen ndi A. Scriabin, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova, omwe adabwera paulendo, kuyendera maulendo a opera ndi ma concerts - zonsezi zinathandizira kupanga tsogolo. wolemba.

Mu 1920, A. Kapp anaitanidwa monga kondakitala wa Estonia Opera House (kenako kenako - pulofesa pa Conservatory), ndipo banja anasamukira ku Tallinn. Eugen anathera maola ambiri atakhala m’gulu la oimba, pafupi ndi choimbira cha atate wake, akumatsatira mosamalitsa zonse zimene zinali kuchitika. Mu 1922, E. Kapp analowa mu Tallinn Conservatory m’kalasi ya piano ya Pulofesa P. Ramul, kenako T. Lembn. Koma mnyamatayo amakopeka kwambiri ndi kalembedwe kameneka. Ali ndi zaka 17, adalemba ntchito yake yoyamba yaikulu - Zosiyanasiyana khumi za Piano pamutu wokhazikitsidwa ndi abambo ake. Kuyambira 1926, Eugen wakhala wophunzira ku Tallinn Conservatory m'kalasi ya nyimbo ya abambo ake. Monga dipuloma ntchito kumapeto kwa Conservatory, iye anapereka symphonic ndakatulo "Wobwezera" (1931) ndi Piano Trio.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory, Kapp akupitilizabe kupanga nyimbo mwachangu. Kuyambira 1936, wakhala akuphatikiza ntchito za kulenga ndi kuphunzitsa: amaphunzitsa chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ku Tallinn Conservatory. Kumayambiriro kwa 1941, Kapp adalandira ntchito yolemekezeka yopanga ballet yoyamba ya ku Estonia yochokera ku dziko lakale Kalevipoeg (Mwana wa Kalev, kwaulere ndi A. Syarev). Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe cha 1941, clavier ya ballet inalembedwa, ndipo woimbayo anayamba kuikonza, koma kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kunasokoneza ntchitoyo. Mutu waukulu mu ntchito ya Kapp unali mutu wa dziko la amayi: analemba Symphony Yoyamba ( "Patriotic", 1943), Violin Wachiwiri Sonata (1943), oimba "Native Country" (1942, Art. J. Kärner). "Labor and Struggle" (1944, st. P. Rummo), "Inu munalimbana ndi mikuntho" (1944, st. J. Kyarner), ndi zina zotero.

Mu 1945 Kapp anamaliza opera yake yoyamba The Fires of Vengeance (libre P. Rummo). Ntchito yake ikuchitika m'zaka za m'ma 1944, panthawi ya kuukira kwaukali kwa anthu aku Estonian motsutsana ndi a Teutonic Knights. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo ku Estonia, Kapp analemba "Victory March" kwa gulu la mkuwa (1948), lomwe linamveka pamene asilikali a ku Estonia adalowa ku Tallinn. Atabwerera ku Tallinn, nkhawa yaikulu ya Kapp inali kupeza woimba nyimbo yake Kalevipoeg, yomwe inatsalira mumzinda wogwidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi. Kwa zaka zonse za nkhondo, wolemba nyimboyo ankadandaula za tsogolo lake. Kapp anasangalala chotani nanga atamva kuti anthu okhulupirika apulumutsa clavier! Akuyamba kutsiriza kuvina, wolembayo adayang'ananso ntchito yake. Iye anatsindika momveka bwino mutu waukulu wa epic - kulimbana kwa anthu a ku Estonia chifukwa cha ufulu wawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zoyambira zaku Estonian, adawulula mobisa zamkati mwa otchulidwawo. Ballet inayamba mu 10 ku Estonia Theatre. "Kalevipoeg" wakhala sewero ankakonda omvera Estonia. Kapp adanenapo kuti: "Nthawi zonse ndakhala ndikusangalatsidwa ndi anthu omwe amapereka mphamvu zawo, miyoyo yawo kuti apambane ndi lingaliro lalikulu la kupita patsogolo kwa anthu. Kusilira anthu odziwika bwinowa kwakhala ndipo kukuyang'ana njira yotulukira mwaluso. Lingaliro la wojambula wodabwitsali linali ndi ntchito zake zingapo. Pachikumbutso cha 1950 cha Soviet Estonia, Kapp akulemba opera The Singer of Freedom (2, 1952nd edition 100, free P. Rummo). Zimaperekedwa kwa kukumbukira wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa ku Estonia J. Syutiste. Ataponyedwa m’ndende ndi a fascists a ku Germany, womenyera ufulu wolimba mtima ameneyu, monga M. Jalil, analemba ndakatulo zamoto m’ndendemo, kupempha anthu kuti amenyane ndi oukira achifasisti. Podabwa ndi tsogolo la S. Allende, a Kapp adapereka nyimbo yake ya requiem cantata Over the Andes kwa kwaya yaamuna ndi woyimba payekha kuti amkumbukire. Pamwambo wokumbukira zaka XNUMX kubadwa kwa wosinthika wotchuka X. Pegelman, Kapp adalemba nyimbo ya "Let the Hammers Knock" kutengera ndakatulo zake.

Mu 1975, opera ya Kapp Rembrandt idawonetsedwa ku Vanemuine Theatre. Wolemba nyimboyo analemba kuti: “Mu opera ya Rembrandt, ndinafuna kusonyeza tsoka la kulimbana kwa wojambula waluso amene ali ndi dziko lodzikonda ndi ladyera, mazunzo a ukapolo wa kulenga, kuponderezedwa kwauzimu. Kapp adapereka nyimbo yayikulu kwambiri Ernst Telman (60, art. M. Kesamaa) ku chikondwerero cha 1977 cha Great October Revolution.

Tsamba lapadera mu ntchito ya Kapp limapangidwa ndi ntchito za ana - zisudzo The Winter's Tale (1958), The Extraordinary Miracle (1984, zochokera nthano ya GX Andersen), The Most Incredible, the ballet The Golden Spinners (1956), operetta "Assol "(1966), nyimbo" Cornflower chozizwitsa "(1982), komanso zida zambiri. Zina mwa ntchito za zaka zaposachedwapa ndi "Welcome Overture" (1983), cantata "Victory" (pa M. Kesamaa station, 1983), Concerto for cello and chamber orchestra (1986), etc.

M'moyo wake wonse, Kapp sanadzilekerere pakupanga nyimbo. Pulofesa ku Tallinn Conservatory, adaphunzitsa olemba nyimbo otchuka monga E. Tamberg, H. Kareva, H. Lemmik, G. Podelsky, V. Lipand ndi ena.

Zochita za Kapp ndizosiyanasiyana. Anakhala mmodzi wa okonza bungwe la Estonian Composers' Union ndipo kwa zaka zambiri anali tcheyamani wa bungwe lake.

M. Komissarskaya