Christa Ludwig |

Christa Ludwig

Ludwig ndi m'modzi mwa oyimba owala kwambiri komanso osinthika kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi. “Mukalankhulana ndi Krista,” akulemba motero mmodzi wa otsutsa akunja, “mkazi wofewa, wokongola ameneyu, amene nthaŵi zonse amavala zovala zaposachedwa ndi kukoma kodabwitsa, amene nthaŵi yomweyo amataya ubwino wake ndi kutentha kwa mtima wake, simungamvetse kuti, momwe amabisala sewero lobisika la masomphenya a dziko lapansi labisika mu mtima, kumulola kuti amve chisoni chowawa mu serene Schubert barcarolle, kuti atembenuzire nyimbo yowoneka ngati yowala ya Brahms "Maso Anu" kukhala mawu omveka bwino. kufotokoza kwake, kapena kusonyeza kuthedwa nzeru ndi chisoni chonse cha nyimbo ya Mahler “Moyo Wapadziko”.

Christa Ludwig anabadwira ku Berlin pa Marichi 16, 1928 m'banja laluso. Bambo ake Anton anaimba ku nyumba za opera za Zurich, Breslau ndi Munich. Amayi ake a Christa, Eugenia Besalla-Ludwig, adayamba ntchito yake ngati mezzo-soprano. Pambuyo pake, adayimba ngati soprano yochititsa chidwi m'mabwalo ambiri a ku Ulaya.

“… Mayi anga, Evgenia Bezalla, ankaimba Fidelio ndi Elektra, ndipo ndili mwana ndinkawasirira. Kenako ndinadziuza kuti: “Tsiku lina ndidzaimba nyimbo ya Fidelio n’kufa,” akukumbukira motero Ludwig. - Ndiye izo zinkawoneka zosaneneka kwa ine, kuyambira pachiyambi cha ntchito yanga ndinali, mwatsoka, osati soprano, koma mezzo-soprano ndipo panalibe kaundula wapamwamba nkomwe. Zinanditengera nthawi yaitali kuti ndiyambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a soprano. Izi zinachitika mu 1961-1962, patatha zaka 16-17 pa siteji ...

… Kuyambira ndili ndi zaka zinayi kapena zisanu, ndinali kupezeka pafupipafupi pamaphunziro onse omwe amayi anga ankapereka. Ndi ine, nthawi zambiri ndinkadutsa ndi ophunzira gawo lililonse kapena zidutswa za maudindo angapo. Ophunzira atamaliza maphunziro, ndinayamba kubwereza - kuimba ndi kusewera zonse zomwe ndimakumbukira.

Kenako ndinayamba kupita kumalo ochitirako zisudzo, kumene bambo anga anali ndi bokosi lawo, kuti ndikaone zisudzo pa nthawi imene ndikufuna. Ndili mtsikana, ndinkadziwa mbali zambiri pamtima ndipo nthawi zambiri ndinkakhala ngati "wotsutsa m'nyumba". Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuuza amayi ake kuti muzochitika zotere adasokoneza mawu, ndipo abambo ake kuti kwaya imayimba mopanda phokoso kapena kuyatsa sikukwanira.

Luso la nyimbo la mtsikanayo lidadziwonetsera kale: ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi adalemba kale ndime zovuta, nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo ndi amayi ake. Kwa nthawi yayitali, amayi ake adakhalabe mphunzitsi wa mawu okha a Christa, ndipo sanaphunzirepo maphunziro ake. Woimbayo akukumbukira kuti: “Ndinalibe mwayi wophunzira kusukulu yophunzitsa anthu. - Pa nthawi yomwe ojambula ambiri a m'badwo wanga adaphunzira nyimbo m'makalasi, kuti ndipeze ndalama, ndinayamba kuchita ndili ndi zaka 17, poyamba pa siteji ya konsati, ndiyeno mu opera - mwamwayi, adapeza zabwino kwambiri. mawu mwa ine , ndipo ndinayimba zonse zomwe zinaperekedwa kwa ine - udindo uliwonse, ngati unali ndi mizere imodzi kapena iwiri.

M'nyengo yozizira 1945/46 Christa anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake mu zoimbaimba yaing'ono mu mzinda wa Giessen. Atapambana koyamba, amapita kukayezetsa ku Frankfurt am Main Opera House. Mu September 1946, Ludwig anakhala soloist wa zisudzo. Ntchito yake yoyamba inali Orlovsky mu operetta ya Die Fledermaus ya Johann Strauss. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi Krista ankaimba ku Frankfurt pafupifupi magawo ochepa chabe. Chifukwa? Woyimba wachinyamatayo sanathe kulemba manotsi apamwamba ndi chidaliro chokwanira: "Mawu anga adakwera pang'onopang'ono - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse ndimawonjezera theka la toni. Ngati ngakhale ku Vienna Opera poyamba ndinalibe zolemba zochepa mu kaundula wapamwamba, ndiye mukhoza kulingalira zomwe nsonga zanga zinali ku Frankfurt!

Koma khama ndi kulimbikira zinagwira ntchito yawo. M'nyumba za opera za Darmstadt (1952-1954) ndi Hannover (1954-1955), mu nyengo zitatu zokha adayimba mbali zapakati - Carmen, Eboli ku Don Carlos, Amneris, Rosina, Cinderella, Dorabella mu "Ndiyo Njira Yonse" ya Mozart. Akazi Amachita ". Anachita maudindo asanu a Wagnerian nthawi imodzi - Ortrud, Waltraut, Frikk ku Valkyrie, Venus ku Tannhäuser ndi Kundry ku Parsifal. Choncho Ludwig molimba mtima anakhala mmodzi mwa oimba achinyamata aluso kwambiri pachiwonetsero cha opera ku Germany.

M'dzinja 1955 woimba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa siteji ya Vienna State Opera mu udindo wa Cherubino ( "Ukwati wa Figaro"). VV Timokhin analemba kuti: "M'chaka chomwecho, opera inalembedwa pa nyimbo ndi Krista Ludwig (yomwe inachitidwa ndi Karl Böhm), ​​ndipo kujambula koyamba kwa woimbayo kumapereka lingaliro la phokoso la mawu ake. panthawi imeneyo. Ludwig-Cherubino ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa mu kukongola kwake, modzidzimutsa, mtundu wina wa chidwi cha achinyamata. Mawu a wojambulayo ndi okongola kwambiri mu timbre, koma amamvekabe "oonda", mulimonse, osawala komanso olemera kuposa, mwachitsanzo, muzojambula zamtsogolo. Kumbali inayi, iye ali woyenereradi udindo wa mnyamata wa Mozart m’chikondi ndipo amafotokoza mwangwiro kunjenjemera kochokera pansi pamtima ndi kukoma mtima kumene malo awiri otchuka a Cherubino ali odzaza nawo. Kwa zaka zingapo, chithunzi cha Cherubino chopangidwa ndi Ludwig chinakongoletsa gulu la Viennese Mozart Ensemble. Othandizana nawo woimbayi anali Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Irmgard Seefried, Sena Yurinac, Erich Kunz. Nthawi zambiri opera anali kuchitidwa ndi Herbert Karajan, amene ankadziwa bwino Krista kuyambira ali mwana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi ina anali mtsogoleri wamkulu wa City Opera House ku Aachen ndi machitidwe angapo - Fidelio, The Flying Dutchman - Ludwig anaimba motsogoleredwa ndi iye.

Kupambana koyamba kwakukulu kwa woimba m'nyumba zazikulu za opera ku Europe ndi America kumalumikizidwa ndi zigawo za Cherubino, Dorabella ndi Octavian. Amagwira ntchito izi ku La Scala (1960), Chicago Lyric Theatre (1959/60), ndi Metropolitan Opera (1959).

VV Timokhin akuti: “Njira ya Krista Ludwig yopita patsogolo pa luso la luso silinadziŵike ndi kukwera ndi kutsika kosayembekezeka. Ndi gawo lililonse latsopano, nthawi zina mosazindikira kwa anthu wamba, woimbayo adadzitengera yekha malire aluso, adakulitsa phale lake lopanga. Ndi umboni wonse, omvera ku Viennese, mwina, anazindikira mtundu wa wojambula Ludwig anakula, pa konsati ya Wagner opera "Rienzi" pa 1960 nyimbo chikondwerero. Opera iyi ya Wagnerian yoyambirira sikuyimbidwa kulikonse masiku ano, ndipo mwa oimbawo panali oimba otchuka Seth Swangholm ndi Paul Scheffler. Yopangidwa ndi Josef Kripe. Koma heroine madzulo anali Christa Ludwig, amene anapatsidwa udindo wa Adriano. Cholembedwacho chinasunga ntchito yodabwitsayi. Moto wamkati wa wojambulayo, chilakolako ndi mphamvu ya kulingalira zimamveka m'mawu aliwonse, ndipo liwu la Ludwig palokha limagonjetsa kulemera, kutentha ndi kufewa kwa mawu. Pambuyo pa luso lalikulu la Adriano, holoyo idakweza woimbayo wachinyamatayo mokweza. Chinali chithunzi chomwe mafotokozedwe ake okhwima a siteji adaganiziridwa. Patapita zaka zitatu, Ludwig anapatsidwa mwayi wapamwamba kwambiri waluso ku Austria - mutu wa "Kammersangerin".

Ludwig adapeza kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi makamaka ngati woyimba wa Wagnerian. Ndizosatheka kuti musatengeke ndi Venus ku Tannhäuser. Ngwazi ya Krista ndi yodzaza ndi ukazi wofewa komanso mawu olemekeza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Venus imadziwika ndi mphamvu zazikulu, mphamvu ndi ulamuliro.

Munjira zambiri, chithunzi china chikufanana ndi chithunzi cha Venus - Kundry ku Parsifal, makamaka pazochitika zachinyengo cha Parsifal muzochitika zachiwiri.

“Inali nthaŵi imene Karajan anagaŵa zigawo zamitundumitundu m’zigawo, zimene zinkachitidwa ndi oimba osiyanasiyana. Kotero zinali, mwachitsanzo, mu Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi. Ndipo zinali chimodzimodzi ndi Kundry. Elizabeth Hengen anali Kundry wankhanza ndi Kundry mu sewero lachitatu, ndipo ine ndinali "woyesa" mu mchitidwe wachiwiri. Panalibe chabwino pa izo, ndithudi. Sindimadziwa konse komwe Kundry adachokera komanso yemwe anali. Koma zitatha izi, ndidasewera gawo lonse. Inalinso imodzi mwamaudindo anga omaliza - ndi John Vickers. Parsifal yake inali imodzi mwamawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri pa moyo wanga wa siteji.

Poyamba, Vickers atawonekera pa siteji, adawonetsa munthu wosasunthika, ndipo atayamba kuimba: "Amortas, die Wunde", ndinangolira, zinali zamphamvu kwambiri.

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, woimbayo nthawi ndi nthawi adatembenukira ku udindo wa Leonora mu Fidelio ya Beethoven, yomwe idakhala chidziwitso choyamba cha wojambula podziwa nyimbo za soprano. Onse omvera ndi otsutsa adakhudzidwa ndi kumveka kwa mawu ake mu kaundula wapamwamba - yowutsa mudyo, ya sonorous, yowala.

Ludwig anati: “Fidelio anali ‘mwana wovutirapo’ kwa ine. - Ndikukumbukira zomwe anachita ku Salzburg, ndinali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kotero kuti wotsutsa waku Viennese Franz Endler analemba kuti: "Tikumufunira iye ndi tonse madzulo opanda phokoso." Kenako ndinaganiza kuti: “Akunena zoona, sindidzaimbiranso nyimboyi.” Tsiku lina, zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, ndili ku New York, Birgit Nilsson anathyoka mkono ndipo sanathe kuimba Elektra. Ndipo popeza kuti sikunali chizolowezi kuletsa zisudzo, wotsogolera Rudolf Bing adayenera kupanga china chake mwachangu. Ndinalandira foni: "Kodi simungayimbe Fidelio mawa?" Ndinamva kuti ndinali m'mawu anga, ndipo ndinadziyesa - ndinalibe nthawi yodandaula. Koma Bem anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri. Mwamwayi, zonse zidayenda bwino kwambiri, ndipo ndi chikumbumtima choyera "ndinapereka" ntchitoyi.

Zinkawoneka kuti gawo latsopano la ntchito zaluso likutsegulidwa pamaso pa woimbayo. Komabe, panalibe kupitiriza, chifukwa Ludwig ankaopa kutaya makhalidwe achilengedwe a mawu ake.

Zithunzi zopangidwa ndi Ludwig mumasewero a Richard Strauss zimadziwika kwambiri: Dyer mu nthano ya opera Mkazi Wopanda Mthunzi, Wolemba mu Ariadne auf Naxos, Marshall mu The Cavalier of the Roses. Atasewera mbali imeneyi mu 1968 ku Vienna, atolankhani analemba kuti: “Ludwig the Marshall ndi chivumbulutso chenicheni cha sewerolo. Adalenga munthu modabwitsa, wachikazi, wodzaza ndi chithumwa, chisomo ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba. Marshall wake nthawi zina amakhala wosasamala, nthawi zina woganiza komanso wachisoni, koma palibe paliponse pomwe woimbayo amagwera m'malingaliro. Unali moyo wokha ndi ndakatulo, ndipo pamene iye anali yekha pa siteji, monga chomaliza cha mchitidwe woyamba, ndiye pamodzi ndi Bernstein anachita zodabwitsa. Mwina, m’mbiri yake yonse yabwino kwambiri ku Vienna, nyimboyi sinamvekepo yokwezeka komanso yopatsa moyo.” Woimbayo adachita Marshall bwino kwambiri ku Metropolitan Opera (1969), pa Salzburg Festival (1969), ku San Francisco Opera House (1971), ku Chicago Lyric Theatre (1973), ku Grand Opera (1976 / 77).

Nthawi zambiri Ludwig anachita pa siteji ya zisudzo ndi pa siteji konsati m'mayiko ambiri a dziko ndi mwamuna wake Walter Berry. Ludwig anakwatiwa ndi Vienna Opera soloist mu 1957 ndipo adakhala limodzi kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Koma zisudzo zapamodzi sizinawathandize kukhala okhutira. Ludwig akukumbukira kuti: “… anali wamantha, ndinali wamantha, tinkakwiyitsana kwambiri. Anali ndi mitsempha yathanzi, amatha kuimba nthawi zonse, kuseka, kulankhula ndi kumwa madzulo - ndipo sanataye mawu ake. Ngakhale zinali zokwanira kuti nditembenuzire mphuno yanga kuchitseko kwinakwake - ndipo ndinali nditapsa kale. Ndipo pamene adalimbana ndi chisangalalo chake, adakhazikika - ndinali ndi nkhawa kwambiri! Koma sichinali chifukwa chake tinasiyana. Sitinakulire limodzi kuposa wina ndi mnzake. ”

Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake luso Ludwig pafupifupi sanali kuimba zoimbaimba. Pambuyo pake, iye anachita izo mochuluka ndi mofunitsitsa. Pofunsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 70, wojambulayo anati: "Ndimayesetsa kugawa nthawi yanga pakati pa siteji ya opera ndi holo ya konsati mofanana. Komanso, m'zaka zaposachedwapa ndakhala ndikuimba mocheperako pang'ono ndikuchita zoimbaimba zambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kwa ine kuyimba Carmen kapena Amneris kwa nthawi zana ndi ntchito yosasangalatsa kwambiri kuposa kukonzekera pulogalamu yatsopano yapayekha kapena kukumana ndi wotsogolera waluso pa siteji ya konsati.

Ludwig analamulira pa siteji ya dziko mpaka pakati 90s. Mmodzi mwa oimba odziwika bwino a m’nthawi yathu ino wachita bwino kwambiri ku London, Paris, Milan, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Budapest, Lucerne, Athens, Stockholm, The Hague, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Cleveland, New Orleans. Anapanga konsati yake yomaliza mu 1994.