Domenico Cimarosa (Domenico Cimarosa) |

Domenico Cimarosa

Nyimbo za Cimarosa ndizowopsa, zamoto komanso zansangala… B. Asafiev

Domenico Cimarosa adalowa m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo ngati m'modzi mwa oyimira odziwika kwambiri pasukulu ya opera ya Neapolitan, ngati katswiri wa zisudzo za buffa, yemwe adamaliza kusinthika kwa zisudzo zaku Italy zazaka za zana la XNUMX pantchito yake.

Cimarosa anabadwira m’banja la munthu womanga nyumba komanso wochapa zovala. Mwamuna wake atamwalira, mu 1756, amayi ake anaika Domenico wamng'ono pasukulu ya osauka pa imodzi mwa nyumba za amonke ku Naples. Apa ndi pamene woimba tsogolo analandira maphunziro ake oyambirira nyimbo. Posakhalitsa, Cimarosa adapita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo mu 1761 adaloledwa ku Site Maria di Loreto, nyumba yakale kwambiri ku Naples. Aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri omwe amaphunzitsidwa kumeneko, omwe mwa iwo anali akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi zina olemba odziwika bwino. Kwa zaka 11 za Conservatory Cimarosa adadutsa sukulu yabwino kwambiri yopeka: adalemba misa yambiri ndi ma motets, adadziwa luso loimba, kusewera violin, cembalo ndi limba mpaka ungwiro. Aphunzitsi ake anali G. Sacchini ndi N. Piccinni.

Ali ndi zaka 22, Cimarosa anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory ndipo adalowa m'munda wa wolemba nyimbo wa opera. Posakhalitsa ku Neapolitan theatre dei Fiorentini (del Fiorentini) opera yake yoyamba ya buffa, The Count's Whims, inakonzedwa. Zinatsatiridwa motsatizana mosalekeza ndi zisudzo zina zamasewera. Kutchuka kwa Cimarosa kunakula. Malo ambiri owonetsera mafilimu ku Italy anayamba kumuitanira. Moyo wotopetsa wa wolemba zisudzo, wokhudzana ndi kuyenda kosalekeza, unayamba. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zinalili panthawiyo, zisudzo zimayenera kupangidwa mumzinda womwe amaseweredwa, kuti woimbayo aziganiziranso za luso la gululo komanso zokonda za anthu akumaloko.

Chifukwa cha malingaliro ake osatha komanso luso lake losatha, Cimarosa anaipeka mwachangu kwambiri. Nyimbo zake zoseketsa, zodziwika pakati pawo An Italy ku London (1778), Gianina ndi Bernardone (1781), Malmantile Market, kapena Deluded Vanity (1784) ndi Intrigues Osapambana (1786), zidachitikira ku Rome, Venice, Milan, Florence, Turin. ndi mizinda ina ya ku Italy.

Cimarosa anakhala wolemba nyimbo wotchuka kwambiri ku Italy. Analoŵa m’malo mwa ambuye monga G. Paisiello, Piccinni, P. Guglielmi, amene anali kunja panthaŵiyo. Komabe, wopeka wodzichepetsa, wosakhoza kupanga ntchito, sakanakhoza kupeza malo otetezeka kudziko lakwawo. Choncho, mu 1787, iye anavomera chiitano cha udindo wa woimba gulu la khoti ndi “wopeka nyimbo” pa bwalo lachifumu la Russia. Cimarosa anakhala ku Russia pafupifupi zaka zitatu ndi theka. M'zaka izi, wopeka sanapepe kwambiri monga ku Italy. Anathera nthaŵi yochuluka kuyang’anira nyumba ya zisudzo, maseŵera a zisudzo, ndi kuphunzitsa.

Pobwerera ku dziko lakwawo, kumene wolemba anapita mu 1791, iye anapita Vienna. Kulandilidwa mwachikondi, kuyitanidwa kuudindo wa oimba a kukhothi ndipo - ndizomwe zimayembekezera Cimarosa ku bwalo la mfumu ya ku Austria Leopold II. Ku Vienna, pamodzi ndi wolemba ndakatulo J. Bertati, Cimarosa anapanga zabwino kwambiri zomwe adalenga - buff opera The Secret Marriage (1792). Kuyamba kwake kunali kopambana modabwitsa, opera idalembedwa yonse.

Kubwerera mu 1793 ku Naples kwawo, wopekayo adakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo kumeneko. Amalemba opera seria ndi opera buffa, cantatas ndi zida zoimbira. Apa, sewero la "Ukwati Wachinsinsi" walimbana ndi zisudzo zoposa 100. Izi zinali zosamveka mu 1799th century Italy. Mu 4, kusintha kwa ma bourgeois ku Naples, ndipo Cimarosa adalonjera mwachidwi kulengeza kwa Republic. Iye, monga wokonda dziko lenileni, adayankha chochitika ichi ndi nyimbo ya "Patriotic Hymn". Komabe, lipabuliki inatenga miyezi yochepa chabe. Atagonjetsedwa, woimbayo anamangidwa ndi kuponyedwa m’ndende. Nyumba yomwe ankakhala inawonongedwa, ndipo clavichembalo yake yotchuka, yomwe inaponyedwa pamiyala ya miyala, inaphwanyidwa mpaka kuphwanyidwa. Miyezi XNUMX Cimarosa akuyembekezera kuphedwa. Ndipo pempho lokha la anthu otchuka linamubweretsa kumasulidwa komwe ankafuna. Nthawi imene anali m’ndende inasokoneza thanzi lake. Posafuna kukhala ku Naples, Cimarosa anapita ku Venice. Kumeneko, ngakhale kuti sakumva bwino, akulemba "Artemisia" imodzi. Komabe, woimbayo sanawone kuyamba kwa ntchito yake - izo zinachitika patangopita masiku angapo pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zisudzo zaku Italy zazaka za m'ma 70. Cimarosa adalemba ma opera opitilira XNUMX. Ntchito yake inayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi G. Rossini. Za ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya wolemba nyimbo - onepe-buffa "Ukwati Wachinsinsi" E. Hanslik analemba kuti "ili ndi mtundu weniweni wa golide wowala, womwe ndi wokhawo woyenera pa sewero lanyimbo ... zonse mu nyimboyi zikuyenda bwino komanso zonyezimira. ndi ngale, zopepuka ndi zachisangalalo, kotero kuti womvera angasangalale nazo. Cholengedwa changwiro ichi cha Cimarosa chikukhalabe mu nyimbo za opera padziko lonse lapansi.

I. Vetlitsyna