Court Orchestra |

Russian orchestra gulu. Analengedwa mu 1882 ku St. Petersburg monga Court Musical Choir kutumikira mfumu bwalo (pa maziko a anathetsedwa nyimbo "makwaya" a asilikali apakavalo ndi alonda moyo asilikali apakavalo Regiments). M'malo mwake, idapangidwa ndi oimba a 2 - symphony ndi orchestra yamphepo. Oimba ambiri a Orchestra Court ankaimba onse mu symphony ndi mkuwa (pa zida zosiyanasiyana). Potengera chitsanzo cha magulu oimba ankhondo, oimba a "kwaya" adalembedwa ngati asilikali, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kukopa oimba aluso omwe adatumizidwa kunkhondo (zokonda zidaperekedwa kwa omwe amadziwa kuimba zida ziwiri - zingwe ndi mphepo). .

M. Frank anali wotsogolera gulu loyamba la “kwaya”; mu 1888 adalowedwa m'malo ndi GI Varlikh; kuchokera ku 1882, gawo la symphonic linali kuyang'anira bandmaster G. Fliege, pambuyo pa imfa yake (mu 1907) Warlich anakhalabe wamkulu wa bandmaster. Oimba oimba ankasewera m'nyumba zachifumu pamipira yamabwalo, maphwando, panthawi ya tchuthi chachifumu ndi regimental. ntchito zake zinaphatikizapo nawo zoimbaimba ndi zisudzo m'bwalo la Gatchina, Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof ndi Hermitage zisudzo.

Kutsekedwa kwa zochitika za oimbawo kunawonetsedwa ndi luso lamasewera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale nyimbo zochepa, zomwe makamaka zinali zautumiki (maguwa, mitembo, nyimbo). Atsogoleri a orchestra adafuna kupitilira kutumikira mabwalo amilandu, kuti apeze njira zofikira anthu ambiri. Izi zidathandizidwa ndi ma concert otseguka pa siteji yachilimwe ya Munda wa Peterhof, zoyeserera kavalidwe ka anthu, komanso ma concert m'maholo a Khothi Loyimba Chapel ndi Nobility Assembly.

Mu 1896, “kwaya” ija inakhala m’gulu la oimba ndipo inasinthidwa n’kukhala Bwalo la Oimba la Khoti, ndipo mamembala ake analandira ufulu wa akatswiri a zisudzo a m’mabwalo a zisudzo. Kuchokera mu 1898, Orchestra ya Khoti inaloledwa kupereka ma concert olipidwa. Komabe, m’chaka cha 1902 panalibe mpaka XNUMX pamene nyimbo za symphonic za ku Western Europe ndi ku Russia zinayamba kuphatikizidwa m’maprogramu a konsati a Khoti Loimba Oimba. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pa ntchito ya Varlich, "Misonkhano ya Orchestral of Musical News" inayamba mwadongosolo, mapulogalamu omwe nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi ntchito zochitidwa ku Russia kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Kuyambira 1912, Orchestra Court yakhala ikupanga zochitika zosiyanasiyana (makonsati a oimba akutchuka), akugwira maulendo a mbiri yakale ya nyimbo za ku Russia ndi zakunja (zophatikizidwa ndi nkhani zodziwika bwino), zoimbaimba zapadera zomwe zimakumbukira AK Lyadov, SI Taneyev, AN Scriabin. Makonsati ena a Orchestra ya Khoti anachitidwa ndi oimba achilendo aakulu akunja (R. Strauss, A. Nikish, ndi ena). M’zaka zimenezi, gulu la Orchestra la Khoti linapindula kwambiri popititsa patsogolo ntchito za nyimbo za ku Russia.

Bungwe la Orchestra la Court linali ndi laibulale ya nyimbo ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zoimba nyimbo. Mu March 1917 gulu la Orchestra la Khoti linakhala State Symphony Orchestra. Onani Honored Collective of Russia Academic Symphony Orchestra of the St. Petersburg Philharmonic.

Ndi Yampolsky