Mabasi awiri: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, mbiri, mawu, ntchito

The double bass ndi chida choimbira cha banja la zingwe, mauta, amasiyanitsidwa ndi phokoso lake lochepa komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu. Ili ndi mwayi woimba nyimbo: yoyenera kuchitira payekha, imakhala ndi malo ofunikira mu orchestra ya symphony.

Chida cha bass kawiri

Miyeso ya bass iwiri imafika kutalika kwa 2 metres, chidacho chimakhala ndi zigawo izi:

• Chimango. Zamatabwa, zopangidwa ndi 2 decks, zomangidwa m'mbali ndi chipolopolo, pafupifupi kutalika kwa 110-120 centimita. Mawonekedwe amilandu ndi 2 ovals (kumtunda, pansi), pakati pawo pali malo ochepetsetsa otchedwa m'chiuno, pamwamba pali mabowo awiri a resonator mu mawonekedwe a ma curls. Zosankha zina ndizotheka: thupi looneka ngati peyala, magitala ndi zina zotero.
• Khosi. Zomangirira ku thupi, zingwe zimatambasulidwa pambali pake.
• Chogwirizira chingwe. Ili pansi pamlanduwo.
• Chingwe choyimira. Ili pakati pa tailpiece ndi khosi, pafupifupi pakati pa thupi.
• Zingwe. Mitundu ya orchestra imakhala ndi zingwe 4 zokhuthala zopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zida zopangira zomangirira zamkuwa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zitsanzo zokhala ndi zingwe 3 kapena 5.
• Mvula. Mapeto a khosi amavekedwa korona ndi mutu wokhala ndi zikhomo zowongolera.
• Spire. Zopangidwira zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu: zimakulolani kuti musinthe kutalika kwake, sinthani mapangidwe kuti mukhale ndi kukula kwa woimba.
• Kugwada. Chofunikira chowonjezera pa contrabass. Chifukwa cha zingwe zolemetsa, zonenepa, kusewera ndi zala zanu ndizotheka, koma zovuta. Ma bassists amakono amakono amatha kusankha mitundu iwiri ya mauta: French, German. Yoyamba ili ndi kutalika kokulirapo, imaposa wotsutsa mu maneuverability, lightness. Yachiwiri ndi yolemera, yaifupi, koma yosavuta kuyendetsa.

Chikhalidwe chovomerezeka ndi chivundikiro kapena mlandu: kunyamula chitsanzo chomwe chimatha kulemera mpaka 10 kg ndizovuta, chivundikirocho chimathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mlanduwo.

Kodi ma bass awiri amamveka bwanji?

Mitundu iwiri ya bass ndi pafupifupi 4 octaves. M'zochita zake, mtengo wake ndi wochepa kwambiri: mawu apamwamba amapezeka kwa ochita virtuoso okha.

Chidacho chimatulutsa mawu otsika, koma osangalatsa m'makutu, omwe amakhala ndi timbre yamitundu yokongola. Ma bass okhuthala, owoneka bwino amayenda bwino ndi bassoon, tuba, ndi magulu ena a zida za okhestra.

Mapangidwe a bass awiri akhoza kukhala motere:

• orchestral - zingwe zimayikidwa pachinayi;
• solo - kuyimba kwa zingwe kumakwera kwambiri.

Mitundu ya ma bas awiri

Zida zimasiyana kukula kwake. Zitsanzo zonse zimamveka mokweza, zazing'ono zimamveka zofooka, apo ayi mawonekedwe amitunduyo ndi ofanana. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 90s zazaka zapitazi, mabasi awiri ocheperako sanapangidwe. Lero mutha kugula zitsanzo mumiyeso kuyambira 1/16 mpaka 3/4.

Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimapangidwira ophunzira, ophunzira a sukulu za nyimbo, kwa oimba omwe akusewera kunja kwa orchestra. Kusankhidwa kwachitsanzo kumadalira kutalika ndi kukula kwa munthu: pamapangidwe ochititsa chidwi, ndi woimba wamkulu yekha amene amatha kuimba nyimbo.

Zoimbira zocheperako zimawoneka zofanana ndi za abale anyimbo athunthu, zomwe zimasiyana kokha ndi mitundu ya timbre ndi mawu.

Mbiri ya bass kawiri

Mbiri imatcha kuti viola iwiri ya bass, yomwe inafalikira ku Ulaya konse panthawi ya Renaissance, yomwe inatsogolera nyimbo ziwiri. Chida ichi cha zingwe zisanu chinatengedwa ngati maziko ndi mbuye wa chiyambi cha ku Italy Michele Todini: anachotsa chingwe chapansi (chotsika kwambiri) ndi mafinya pa chala chala, kusiya thupi losasintha. Zachilendo zinkamveka mosiyana, atalandira dzina lodziimira - bass awiri. Chaka chovomerezeka cha chilengedwe ndi 1566 - kutchulidwa koyamba kolembedwa kwa chidacho kunayambira.

Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kusintha kwa chidacho sikunali kopanda opanga violin a Amati, omwe amayesa mawonekedwe a thupi ndi miyeso ya kapangidwe kake. Ku Germany, kunali kochepa kwambiri, "mabasi a mowa" - ankasewera patchuthi chakumidzi, m'mabala.

Zaka za m'ma XVIII: bass awiri mu oimba akukhala nawo nthawi zonse. Chochitika china cha nthawiyi ndi maonekedwe a oimba akusewera solo pa bass awiri (Dragonetti, Bottesini).

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, kuyesa kudapangidwa kuti apange mtundu womwe umatulutsa mawu otsika kwambiri. Octobass wa mamita anayi adapangidwa ndi Mfalansa Zh-B. Vuillaume. Chifukwa cha kulemera kochititsa chidwi, miyeso yochulukirapo, zatsopanozi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, repertoire, mwayi wa chida chinawonjezeka. Inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba jazi, rock ndi roll, ndi nyimbo zina zamakono. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira maonekedwe a XNUMXs a zaka zapitazo za mabasi amagetsi: opepuka, owongolera, omasuka.

Njira yamasewera

Ponena za zida za zingwe, mabasi awiri akuwonetsa njira ziwiri zotulutsira mawu:

• uta;
• zala.

Panthawi ya Sewero, woyimba payekha amaima, membala wa orchestra amakhala pafupi naye pampando. Njira zomwe oimba amapeza ndizofanana ndi zomwe oimba oimba violin amagwiritsa ntchito. Zojambulajambula, kulemera kwakukulu kwa uta ndi chida chokhacho chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusewera ndime ndi masikelo. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imatchedwa pizzicato.

Zokhudza nyimbo zomwe zilipo:

• tsatanetsatane - kuchotsa zolemba zingapo zotsatizana posuntha uta, posintha njira yake;
• staccato - kusuntha kwamphamvu kwa uta mmwamba ndi pansi;
• kugwedezeka - kubwereza mobwerezabwereza mawu amodzi;
• legato - kusintha kosalala kuchokera ku phokoso kupita ku phokoso.

kugwiritsa

Choyamba, chida ichi ndi nyimbo ya orchestra. Udindo wake ndikukulitsa mizere ya bass yopangidwa ndi ma cello, kuti apange maziko omveka a kuseweredwa kwa zingwe zina "anzako".

Masiku ano, oimba amatha kukhala ndi mabasi 8 awiri (poyerekeza, anali okhutira ndi amodzi).

Chiyambi cha mitundu yatsopano ya nyimbo chinapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha jazi, dziko, blues, bluegrass, rock. Masiku ano, zitha kutchedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi oimba a pop, oimba amitundu yosiyanasiyana, osowa, oimba ambiri (kuchokera kunkhondo kupita kuchipinda).