Wheel zeze: kufotokoza chida, zikuchokera, phokoso, mbiri, ntchito

The hurdy gurdy ndi chida choimbira kuyambira ku Middle Ages. Ndi wa gulu la zingwe, kukangana. "Achibale" apafupi kwambiri ndi oimba, nikelharpa.

chipangizo

Chidacho chikuwoneka chachilendo, pakati pa zigawo zake zazikulu ndi izi:

• Chimango. Zopangidwa ndi matabwa, zooneka ngati nambala 8. Zimakhala ndi ma desiki a 2 ophwanyika omangidwa ndi chipolopolo chachikulu. Pamwamba, thupi lili ndi bokosi la msomali ndi mabowo omwe amakhala ngati ma resonator.
• Gudumu. Ili mkati mwa thupi: imabzalidwa pa axis, yomwe, kudutsa chipolopolo, imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chogwirira chozungulira. Mbali ya gudumu la gudumu imatuluka kuchokera pamwamba pamtunda kudzera pa slot yapadera.
• Makina a kiyibodi. Ili pamwamba pa tebulo. Bokosilo lili ndi makiyi 9-13. Mfungulo iliyonse imakhala ndi protrusion: ikakanikizidwa, ma protrusions amakhudza chingwe - umu ndi momwe phokoso limapangidwira. Zowonetsera zimatha kuzunguliridwa posuntha kumanzere ndi kumanja, motero kusintha sikelo.
• Zingwe. Kuchuluka koyambirira ndi zidutswa zitatu. Imodzi ndi melodic, ziwiri ndi bourdon. Chingwe chapakati chili mkati mwa bokosi, ena onse ali kunja. Zingwe zonse zimalumikizidwa ndi gudumu: kuzungulira, kutulutsa mawu kuchokera kwa iwo. Nyimbo yaikulu imayimbidwa ndi kukanikiza makiyi: pokhudza chingwe m'malo osiyanasiyana, ma protrusions amasintha kutalika kwake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo phula.

Poyambirira, zinthu za zingwezo zinali mitsempha ya nyama, mu zitsanzo zamakono zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo, nylon, chiwerengero chawo chimasiyana ndi zitsanzo zakale (mwanjira yaikulu).

Kodi hurdy gurdy amamveka bwanji?

Kumveka kwa chidacho kunkadalira kwambiri khalidwe la gudumu: kulondola kwa malo ake, kusalala kwa pamwamba. Kuti mugwirizane, chiyero cha nyimboyo, pamwamba pa gudumu munapakidwa ndi rosin musanayimbe, zingwezo zidakulungidwa muubweya polumikizana ndi gudumu.

Phokoso lodziwika bwino la hurdy-gurdy ndi lachisoni, lamphuno pang'ono, lonyowa, koma lamphamvu.

History

Mlembi wakale wa hurdy-gurdy anali organistrum, chida chachikulu komanso cholemera, chida chovuta chomwe oimba angapo okha amatha kuchigwira. M'zaka za X-XIII, organistrum inalipo pafupifupi kachisi aliyense, nyumba ya amonke - nyimbo zopatulika zinkachitidwa pamenepo. Chithunzi chakale kwambiri cha organistrum pachingerezi chaching'ono chinayamba mu 1175.

The hurdy gurdy mwamsanga anafalikira ku Ulaya konse. Baibulo laling'onolo linatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu oyendayenda, akhungu, ndi opemphapempha omwe ankaimba nyimbo kuti anthu azipeza zosowa zawo.

Kutchuka kwatsopano kudapeza chidachi m'zaka za zana la XNUMX: olemekezeka adakopa chidwi chachikale ndikuchigwiritsanso ntchito.

Nyimboyi idawonekera ku Russia m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Zikuoneka kuti idatumizidwa kuchokera ku Ukraine, komwe inali yotchuka kwambiri. Panali mabungwe apadera a maphunziro omwe anaphunzitsa anthu a ku Ukraine kuimba chida.

Mu USSR, "hurdy gurdy" inakula: chiwerengero cha zingwe chinawonjezeka, kupititsa patsogolo phokoso, tepi yotumizira inayikidwa m'malo mwa gudumu, ndipo chida chinawonjezeredwa chomwe chinasintha kupanikizika kwa chingwe.

Kukumana lero chida ichi ndi chosowa. Ngakhale zikumveka bwino mu State Orchestra ya Belarus.

Njira yamasewera

Wopangayo amayika dongosolo pamaondo ake. Zida zina zimakhala ndi zingwe kuti zikhale zosavuta - zimaponyedwa pamapewa. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi malo a thupi: bokosi la msomali lili kumanzere kwa woimbayo, limapatukira pang'ono kumbali kuti makiyiwo asapitirire pa chingwe.

Ndi dzanja lamanja, wochita masewerawa amasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono chogwirira, ndikuyika gudumu. Dzanja lamanzere limagwira ntchito ndi makiyi.

Oimba ena amaimba nyimbo ataima. Udindo uwu pa Sewero umafunikira luso lochulukirapo.

Maina ena audindo

Hurdy gurdy ndi dzina lamakono, lovomerezeka la chida. M'mayiko ena, dzina lake limamveka mosiyana:

• Drehleier. Limodzi mwa mayina achijeremani. Komanso, chida ku Germany ankatchedwa "betterleier", "leier", "bauernleier".
• Ryla. Dzina lachiyukireniya la lira, lomwe lidadziwika modabwitsa pakati pa anthu am'deralo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi XNUMX.
• Vielle. "Dzina" lachifalansa la zeze, ndipo kutali ndi yekhayo. Amatchedwanso "vierelete", "sambuca", "chifonie".
• Hurdy-gurdy. Dzina lachingerezi logwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ochita masewera achi Russia limamveka ngati "hardy-hardy".
• Ghironda. Chitaliyana chosiyana. Komanso m'dziko lino, mawu akuti "rotata", "lira tedesca", "sinfonia" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku lira.
• Tekero. pansi pa dzina ili, anthu okhala ku Hungary amadziwa lira.
• Lira korbowa. Ili ndi dzina la chidacho mu Chipolishi.
• Inera. Pansi pa dzina ili pali lira ku Czech Republic.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida

Ntchito yayikulu ya chida ndikuperekeza. Iwo ankavina momveka ngati akukumba, ankaimba nyimbo, ankanena nthano. Ochita masewera amakono awonjezera mndandandawu. Ngakhale kuti masiku ano kutchuka kwa hurdy-gurdy sikuli kwakukulu monga ku Middle Ages, oimba amtundu wa anthu, magulu a rock, jazz ensembles amaphatikizapo mu zida zawo.

Mwa anthu a m'nthawi yathu, otchuka otsatirawa adagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zoyimba bwino:

• R. Blackmore - woimba gitala wa ku Britain, mtsogoleri wa gulu la Deep Purple (Blacrmore's Night project).
• D. Tsamba, R. Chomera - mamembala a gulu "Led Zeppelin" (pulojekiti "Palibe Quarter. Unledded").
• "In Extremo" ndi gulu lodziwika bwino la zitsulo zaku Germany (nyimbo "Captus Est").
• N. Eaton ndi English organ-grinder yemwenso amasewera hurdy-gurdy.
• "Pesnyary" ndi gulu loimba komanso lothandizira la nthawi ya Soviet, kuphatikizapo oimba a Chirasha, Chibelarusi.
• Y. Vysokov - woimba yekha wa gulu la rock la Russia "Hospital".
• B. McCreery ndi wopeka nyimbo wa ku America, adalemba nyimbo za nyimbo zapa TV za Black Sails, The Walking Dead ndi gawo la hurdy-gurdy.
• V. Luferov ndi woimba waku Russia yemwe amasewera payekha pa chida ichi.
• Kaulakau ndi anayi oyimba jazi achi Spanish.
• Eluveitie ndi gulu lachitsulo la Swiss folk metal.
• "Omnia" ndi gulu loimba lomwe lili ndi nyimbo zachi Dutch-Belgium, zomwe zimapanga ntchito zamtundu wa anthu.