Edward Alexander MacDowell |

Edward MacDowell

Scottish ndi dziko. Anaphunzira piyano ali mwana ndi MT Carregno, mu 1876-1878 - ndi AF Marmontel (piyano) ndi MGO Savard (zolemba) ku Paris Conservatory, ndi C. Heyman (piyano) ndi I. Raffa (zolemba) ku Conservatory mu Frankfurt am Main. Mu 1881-1882 adaphunzitsa piyano ku Darmstadt Conservatory. Kuyambira 1888 McDowell ankakhala ku Boston, anachita mu zoimbaimba wolemba. Monga wolemba nyimbo, adapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro okongola ndi maphunziro a F. Liszt, miyambo ya chikondi (mfundo ya kaphatikizidwe ka ndakatulo ndi nyimbo), makamaka R. Schumann, komanso E. Grieg. Kuyamba kwa MacDowell monga wolemba nyimbo ku Weimar (First Modern Suite, 1883) kunavomerezedwa ndi Liszt, yemwe adathandizira kufalitsa ntchito zake zoyambirira. Mu 1896-1904 adatsogolera dipatimenti ya nyimbo ku Columbia University ku New York (woyamba ku USA) ndipo anali pulofesa wake. Chifukwa cha mkangano ndi utsogoleri wa yunivesite, kugwirizana ndi kusintha maphunziro nyimbo anayamba, iye anakakamizika kusiya kuphunzitsa. Nkhani zomwe adapereka zidasindikizidwa pambuyo pakufa ngati mndandanda wa Zolemba Zovuta ndi Zakale (Boston - NY, 1912).

McDowell ankanena kuti luso loimba nyimbo za dziko siliyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthano za nyimbo zokha, komanso zikuphatikizapo zinthu zauzimu, khalidwe, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. M'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa sukulu ya akatswiri aku America, McDowell kwa nthawi yoyamba (amitundu yayikulu) adatembenukira ku nyimbo yamtundu wamtundu (ya India) (mutu wa "Nyimbo ya Maliro" kuchokera ku 2nd "Indian Suite" idakhazikitsidwa kujambula kowona kwa maliro a maliro a ku India) ndi zithunzi za mabuku a ku America (nkhani zachikondi za W. Irving, N. Hawthorne, ndakatulo za nyimbo za G. Longfellow, DR Lowell, etc.).

Chiwonetsero chachikondi cha McDowell, chokonda kuwonetsa mbali yosangalatsa ya moyo, zithunzi zanyimbo ndi malingaliro zidawonetsedwa mu Fireside Tales (masewero 6, Fireside Tales, 1902), New England Idylls (masewero 10, New England Idyls", 1902), " Forest Sketches" (zidutswa 10, "Zojambula za Woodland", 1896), "Forest Idyls" (zidutswa 4, "Forest Idyls") ndi mapulogalamu ena a piyano, komanso m'mawu a ndakatulo pamalemba awo.

Ntchito ya McDowell inamupangitsa kutchuka kwambiri ku United States panthawi ya moyo wake. Mu ndakatulo za symphonic, orchestral suites, piyano concertos ndi sonatas, zigawo zanyimbo zimakhala zomveka bwino, makamaka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikondi chakumpoto. "Kumpoto" (3rd) ndi "Celtic" (4th) sonatas McDowell odzipereka kwa E. Grieg (McDowell ankatchedwa "American Grieg"). Melodiousness, chizoloŵezi chosonyeza chikondi chazithunzi za chilengedwe ndizofanana ndi kalembedwe kake. McDowell ankayamikira kwambiri ntchito za olemba a ku Russia, makamaka PI Tchaikovsky; ali ndi zolemba za piyano za nyimbo za orchestra za AP Borodin ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Mu 1910-1917, McDowell Memorial Society inachita chikondwerero cha nyimbo cha McDowell Music cha 4-day ku Peterborough, New Hampshire.

Zolemba: za orchestra. - 3 zizindikiro. ndakatulo: Hamlet ndi Ophelia (1885), Lancelot ndi Elaine (malinga ndi A. Tennyson, 1888), Lamia (malinga ndi J. Keats, 1889), 2 zidutswa za Nyimbo ya Roland - Saracens, Alda Wokongola (The Saracens, The lovely Aida, 1891), 2 suites (1891, 1895); kwa chida chokhala ndi orc. pa 2fp. concerto (a-moll, 1885; d-moll, 1890), chikondi cha nkhandwe. (1888); za fp. - Ma suites amakono (Ma suites amakono, No 1, 2, 1882-84), 4 sonatas: Zowawa, Zowopsya, Zakumpoto, Celtic (Tragica, Eroica, Norse, Keltic, 1893, 1895, 1900, 1901), 6 whims (Zokonda zisanu ndi chimodzi , 1898), 6 idylls (malinga ndi IW Goethe, 1887), ndakatulo 6 (malinga ndi G. Heine, 1887), Oriental (malinga ndi V. Hugo, 1889), 8 Marionettes (Marionettes, 1888-1901), Zithunzi za Nyanja (Zidutswa za m'nyanja, 1898), nthano 4 zoiwalika (1898) ndi masewero ena, maphunziro 12 (mabuku a 2, 1890), maphunziro 12 a virtuoso (1894), masewera olimbitsa thupi (2 mabuku, 1893, 1895); pa 2fp. - ndakatulo 3 (1886), zithunzi za mwezi (zithunzi za mwezi, palibe XK Andersen, 1886); polygonal choirs, ch. ayi. kwa mwamuna. mavoti; maulendo a nyimbo - 3 okha. mawu, inc. Kuchokera kumunda wakale (nyimbo 6, 1887), 2 potsatira. R. Burns (1889), 6 pa ff. WX Gardena (1890), wotsatira. JW Goethe, Howells; 2 Nyimbo zakale (Nyimbo ziwiri zakale, 1894).