Mikhail Yurevich Vielgorsky |
Mikhail Vielgorsky
M. Vielgorsky ndi wanthawi imodzi ndi M. Glinka, wodziwika bwino wanyimbo komanso wopeka wazaka za zana la XNUMX. Zochitika zazikulu kwambiri mu moyo wanyimbo wa Russia zimagwirizana ndi dzina lake.
Vielgorsky anali mwana wa nthumwi ya ku Poland ku khoti la Catherine II, yemwe mu utumiki wa ku Russia anali ndi udindo wa phungu weniweni. Kale ali mwana, iye anasonyeza luso kwambiri nyimbo: iye ankaimba violin bwino, anayesa kulemba. Vielgorsky adalandira maphunziro apamwamba a nyimbo, adaphunzira chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndi mgwirizano ndi V. Martin-i-Soler, wolemba ndi Taubert. M'banja la Vielgorsky, nyimbo zinkalemekezedwa mwapadera. Kalelo mu 1804, pamene banja lonse ankakhala Riga, Vielgorsky anatenga gawo madzulo quartet kunyumba: gawo loyamba la violin ankaimba ndi bambo ake, viola Mikhail Yuryevich, ndi cello mbali mchimwene wake Matvey Yurevich Vielgorsky, woimba kwambiri. woyimba. Osachepera pa chidziwitso chomwe adapeza, Vielgorsky adapitiliza maphunziro ake polemba ku Paris ndi L. Cherubini, wolemba nyimbo wodziwika bwino komanso wanthanthi.
Pokhala ndi chidwi chachikulu pa chilichonse chatsopano, Vielgorsky anakumana ndi L. Beethoven ku Vienna ndipo anali m'gulu la anthu asanu ndi atatu oyambirira omwe ankamvetsera nyimbo za "Pastoral" symphony. M’moyo wake wonse iye anakhalabe wosirira kwambiri wopeka wa ku Germany. Peru Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky ali ndi opera "Gypsies" pa chiwembu chokhudzana ndi zochitika za Nkhondo Yokonda Dziko Lapansi ya 1812 (yopanda. V. Zhukovsky ndi V. Sologub), anali mmodzi mwa oyamba ku Russia kuti adziwe zithovu zazikulu za sonata-symphonic. , kulemba ma symphonies a 2 (Choyamba chinachitidwa mu 1825 ku Moscow), quartet ya chingwe, maulendo awiri. Anapanganso Kusiyanasiyana kwa cello ndi orchestra, zidutswa za pianoforte, zachikondi, zoimba nyimbo, komanso nyimbo zingapo zoimba. Zokonda za Vielgorsky zinali zotchuka kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazokonda zake chinachitidwa mofunitsitsa ndi Glinka. "Kuchokera ku nyimbo za wina, adayimba chinthu chimodzi chokha - chikondi cha Count Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky "Ndinkakonda": koma adayimba chikondi chokoma ichi ndi chidwi chomwecho, ndi chilakolako chofanana ndi nyimbo zokonda kwambiri muzokonda zake," A. Serov anakumbukira.
Kulikonse kumene Vielgorsky amakhala, nyumba yake nthawizonse imakhala ngati likulu loimba. Odziwika bwino a nyimbo omwe adasonkhana pano, nyimbo zambiri zidachitika koyamba. M'nyumba ya Vielgorsky F. Liszt kwa nthawi yoyamba adasewera kuchokera pamaso (malinga ndi mphambu) "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" ndi Glinka. Wolemba ndakatulo D. Venevitinov anatcha nyumba ya Vielgorsky "sukulu ya nyimbo zoimba", G. Berlioz, yemwe anabwera ku Russia, "kachisi waung'ono wa luso labwino", Serov - "malo abwino kwambiri ogona kwa anthu onse otchuka a nthawi yathu. ”
Mu 1813, Vielgorsky anakwatira mobisa Louise Karlovna Biron, mdzakazi wa ulemu wa Mfumukazi Maria. Mwa izi, adadzichititsa manyazi ndipo adakakamizika kupita ku malo ake a Luizino m'chigawo cha Kursk. Zinali pano, kutali ndi moyo wa likulu Vielgorsky anatha kukopa oimba ambiri. Mu 20s. 7 mwa ma symphonies a Beethoven adachitidwa pa malo ake. Mu konsati iliyonse “nyimbo zanyimbo zanyimbo ndi “zongopeka” zinkachitika, anansi osaphunzirawo adatengapo gawo… Vielgorsky adayamikira kwambiri nyimbo za Glinka. Opera "Ivan Susanin" ankaona kuti ndi mwaluso. Pankhani ya Ruslan ndi Lyudmila, sanagwirizane ndi Glinka mu chirichonse. Makamaka, adakwiya kuti gawo lokhalo la tenor mu opera linaperekedwa kwa mwamuna wazaka zana. Vielgorsky anathandizira anthu ambiri opita patsogolo ku Russia. Kotero, mu 1838, pamodzi ndi Zhukovsky, adakonza lottery, ndalama zomwe zinapita kukawombola wolemba ndakatulo T. Shevchenko ku serfdom.
L. Kozhevnikova
