Forshlag |

German Vorschlag, ital. appoggiatura, French port de voix appoggiatur

Mtundu wa melismas (zokongoletsa nyimbo); kukongoletsa phokoso lothandizira kapena gulu la phokoso lisanayambe, phokoso lokongoletsera. Zimasonyezedwa ndi zolemba zazing'ono ndipo sizimaganiziridwa pamene zimakhala zomveka. kusonkhanitsa zolemba muyeso. Kusiyanitsa chachifupi ndi chachitali F. Chachidule nthawi zambiri chimalembedwa mu mawonekedwe achisanu ndi chitatu ndi bata lodutsana. Mu nyimbo za Viennese classics, F. yaifupi nthawi zina inkachitidwa kwa nthawi yamphamvu ya phokoso lokongoletsera, koma mwachidule. Pambuyo pake, F. wamfupi adachitidwa bh pamtengo wa gawo lapitalo, mwachitsanzo, isanafike nthawi yamphamvu ya phokoso lokongoletsera. A yaitali F. kwenikweni ali m'ndende. Zimalembedwa m'malemba ang'onoang'ono ndi bata losadutsa ndipo amachitidwa pamtengo wa nthawi yayikulu. phokoso, kutenga theka la nthawi yake kwa nthawi ya magawo awiri, ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, nthawi zina magawo awiri pa atatu, kwa nthawi ya magawo atatu. Long F. pamaso cholemba, amenenso mobwerezabwereza, mu tingachipeze powerenga. ndipo nyimbo zachikondi zoyambirira zidatenga nthawi yake yonse. F., yopangidwa ndi angapo. mawu, amalembedwa m'manotsi ang'onoang'ono 16 kapena 32.

Chitsanzo cha F. ndi chizindikiro cha Middle Ages. nyimbo, kutanthauza melodic yapadera. zokongoletsera ndi dzina "plika" (plica, kuchokera ku lat. plico - ndikuwonjezera). Chokongoletsera ichi chinachokera ku zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zosavomerezeka

, zomwe zinapanga maziko a "plica ascendens"

(“plica ascending”) ndi “plica dropens”

("kutsika plique"). Zizindikirozi zinkasonyeza kutsatizana kokwera ndi kutsika kwa mawu aatali ndi aafupi (nthawi zambiri mu chiŵerengero chachiwiri). Pambuyo pake, kudzera mu Mawonekedwe a chizindikiro cha plique anayamba kufotokoza kutalika kwa phokoso lake. F. m'malingaliro amakono adawonekera mu 1st floor. Zaka za zana la 17 Sanasonyezedwe nthawi zonse muzolemba; nthawi zambiri, monga zokongoletsa zina, wosewera anayambitsa izo molingana ndi zake. nzeru. F. ankatanthauza Ch. ayi. kuchita melodic. gwirani ntchito mopanda kutsindika musanayambe kugunda. F. kuchokera pansi anali ambiri kuposa F. kuchokera kumwamba; magulu awiriwa ankasiyana kwambiri. F. m'munsimu (French port de voix ndi accont plaintif mu nyimbo za lute, kugunda kwa Chingerezi, kugunda theka ndi kutsogolo-kugwa) kunasonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zotanganidwa, zokhotakhota, slash, ndi zizindikiro zina. Poyambirira, idachitidwa mopanda phokoso lakale.

F. ndi mawu otsatirawa anali olumikizidwa ndi sitiroko ya portamento kapena legato; pa zingwe. zida, iwo ankawerengera kusuntha kumodzi kwa uta, poyimba - syllable imodzi. Pambuyo pake, mu nyimbo za lute ndi nyimbo za zida za kiyibodi, F. idayamba kuyimbidwa kwanthawi yayitali kutsatira cholembacho. F. kuchokera pamwamba (French coulé, chute, cheute, coulement, port de voix wobadwa, English back-fall) ankaonedwa ngati phokoso lodutsa pamene nyimbo imayenda mu voliyumu yachitatu; zidachitika pokhapokha phokoso lomwe adayambitsa, ndipo nthawi zonse popanda portamento.

M'zaka za zana la 18 malo olamulira adakhala ndi F., ochita kuwononga nthawi ya phokoso lomwe adayambitsa ndikuyimira mtundu wandende. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, F. wochokera pamwamba adakhala wofala kwambiri; kugwiritsa ntchito F. kuchokera pansi kunali kochepa ndi malamulo okhwima ("kukonzekera" ndi phokoso lapitalo, kugwirizana ndi zokometsera zowonjezera zomwe zimatsimikizira "kulondola" kuthetsa dissonance, etc.). Utali wa F. womwewo unali wosiyanasiyana ndipo bh sunagwirizane ndi nthawi ya cholembacho, chomwe chinasankhidwa. Ku Ser. Malamulo a zaka za zana la 18 anapangidwa ponena za mitundu ya F. ndi utali wake. Onse F. adagawidwa kukhala mawu omveka ndi odutsa. Woyamba nawonso anagawidwa kukhala aafupi ndi aatali. Malingana ndi II Kvanz, F. yaitali inatenga 2/3 ya nthawi yake mu nthawi ya magawo atatu. Ngati mawu okongoletsedwawo adatsatiridwa ndi kupuma kapena mawu aafupi olumikizana nawo, F. idatenga nthawi yake yonse.

Short F., panthawi ya ntchito yomwe nyimbo yomwe ikuwonetsedwa muzolembazo sinasinthe, idawonetsedwa ndi zolemba zazing'ono 16 kapena 32 ( и ndiye anali njira yodziwika yolembera и ). F. nthawi zonse ankatengedwa ngati mwachidule ngati phokoso lokongoletsera limapanga dissonance ndi bass, komanso ziwerengero zobwerezabwereza zomveka komanso ndi chiwerengero; zachitika ngati kapena. Kudutsa F. kunagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2 genera - kusakanikirana ndi phokoso lotsatira (likugwirizana ndi kudutsa F. ya zaka za m'ma 17) ndikusakanikirana ndi phokoso lapitalo, lotchedwa. komanso "nachschlag" (Chijeremani: Nachschlag). Panali mitundu iwiri ya nakhshlag - ryukschlag (German: Rückschlag - returning blow; onani chitsanzo cha noti, a) ndi uberschlag (Chijeremani: überschlag), kapena uberwurf (German: überwurf - throwing blow; onani chitsanzo, b):

Wamba mu 2nd floor. Zaka za zana la 18 kunalinso F. (Anschlag Yachijeremani); chinali ndi mawu 2 ozungulira kamvekedwe kokongoletsedwa. Double F. idawonetsedwa ndi zolemba zing'onozing'ono ndipo idachitidwa kwa nthawi yamphamvu. Panali mitundu iwiri ya ph. - imodzi yayifupi mwa manotsi awiri anthawi yofanana ndi yayitali yokhala ndi kamvekedwe ka madontho:

Mawonekedwe apadera a F. anali otchedwa. sitima (German Schleifer, French coulé, tierce coulée, coulement, port de voix double, English slide, komanso kukwera, kugwa kwapawiri kumbuyo, etc.) - P. kuchokera kutsata ndondomeko ya 2 kapena kuposerapo. Poyambirira, poyimba zida za kiyibodi, phokoso lalikulu F. linkasungidwa:

M’zaka za zana la 19 F. anayamba kulembedwa m’manotsi ndipo motero anazimiririka pang’onopang’ono.

KV Gluck. "Iphigenia ku Aulis", act II, scene 2, No 21. Recitative of Clytemnestra.

Short F. panthawiyi anali atataya tanthauzo la nyimbo. element ndipo idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika mawu otsatirawa, komanso mawonekedwe. zolinga (onani, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro a Liszt a pianoforte "Round Dance of the Dwarves"). Pafupifupi mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana, adachitidwa Ch. ayi. kwa phokoso lotsatira. Pamene mukuchita recitative pa 18 ndi koyambirira. Zaka za m'ma 19 zinali zachizoloŵezi kutchula F. yaitali pamawu obwerezabwereza a mawu omwewo, ngakhale kuti sanasonyezedwe ndi wolemba (onani ndime 915, chitsanzo chapansi).

Onani Kukongoletsa, Modus, Mensural notation.

VA Vakhromeev