Mawu |

kuchokera ku Greek prasis - mawu, njira yofotokozera

1) Chilichonse chaching'ono chosinthira nyimbo.

2) Pophunzira mawonekedwe anyimbo, zomangamanga zomwe zimakhala pakati pa zolinga ndi chiganizo.

Kuyimira gulu lapadera la nyimbo. kulankhula, F. amasiyanitsidwa ndi zomanga zoyandikana ndi caesura, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi nyimbo, mgwirizano, metrorhythm, kapangidwe, koma zimasiyana ndi ziganizo ndi nthawi ndi kukwanira kochepa: ngati chiganizo chimatha ndi mawu omveka bwino omveka bwino. cadenza, ndiye F. "akhoza kutha pa chord iliyonse ndi bass iliyonse" (IV Sposobin). Zimaphatikizapo zolinga ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo, komanso zitha kukhala zomangika mosalekeza, zosagawanika kapena zogawika motsatira zolinga. Chiganizocho, sichingakhale ndi 2 F., koma ochulukirapo kapena ocheperapo, kapena osagawidwa mu F.

L. Beethoven. Sonata ya piyano, op. 7, gawo II.

Mapangidwe a ziganizo.

G. Rossini "The Barber of Seville", act II, quintet.

Mapangidwe a ziganizo.

L. Beethoven. Sonata ya piyano, op. 10, No1, gawo III.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a psychology of perception, F., malingana ndi kukula ndi nkhani, akhoza kunenedwa kuti ndi onse oyambirira (phonic) ndi achiwiri (syntactic) milingo ya kuzindikira (E. Nazaikinsky, 1972).

Mawu akuti "F". inabwerekedwa ku chiphunzitso cha kulankhula pakamwa m'zaka za zana la 18, pamene mafunso okhudza kudulidwa kwa muses. mafomu analandira zongopeka zambiri. kulungamitsidwa monga pokhudzana ndi chitukuko chatsopano cha homophonic harmonic. kalembedwe, ndi ntchito zoyeserera - kufunikira kwa mawu olondola olondola. Nkhaniyi idakhala yofunika kwambiri mu nthawi ya Baroque, chifukwa. mu ulamuliro mpaka zaka za zana la 17. wok. nyimbo za caesura zimatanthauza. Muyesowo unatsimikiziridwa ndi kalembedwe ka malemba, mapeto a mawu a mawu (mzere), omwe, nawonso, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa nyimbo. kupuma. Mu instr. nyimbo, zomwe zinakula mofulumira m'zaka za m'ma 17-18, woimbayo pa nkhani za mawu amatha kudalira yekha. luso. luso.

L. Beethoven. Sonata ya piyano, op. 31. No 2, gawo III.

Mapangidwe a ziganizo.

MI Glinka. "Ivan Susanin", nyimbo ya Vanya.

Mfundo imeneyi inadziwika ndi F. Couperin, yemwe m’mawu oyamba a kope lachitatu la “Pièces de Clavecin” (3) anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito liwu lakuti “F.” kusankha kagawo kakang'ono ka nyimbo. kulankhula, kugogomezera kuti chitha kuchepetsedwa ndi kungoima pang'ono, ndikuyambitsa chizindikiro chapadera (') kuti adule mawu. Kukula kwamalingaliro kokulirapo kwa mafunso okhudza kudulidwa kwa muses. zolankhula zolandiridwa mu ntchito za I. Mattezona. "Dikishonale yanyimbo" Ж. G. Rousseau (R., 1768) amatanthauzira F. monga "kumveka kosagwirizana kapena nyimbo zomwe zimakhala ndi tanthauzo lokwanira kapena locheperapo ndipo zimatha ndi kuyima pa cadenza yabwino kwambiri". NDI. Mattzon, I. A. AP Schultz ndi J. Kirnberger adafotokoza lingaliro la magawo angapo ogwirizanitsa zomanga kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu. G. KWA. Koch adayika patsogolo maudindo angapo pamapangidwe a ma muses omwe asanduka apamwamba. kulankhula. M'zolemba zake, kuwerengetsa kolondola kwambiri kwa magawo akulu a muses kumawonekera. Kulankhula ndi kuzindikira za kugawika kwamkati kwa chiganizo cha 4-bar muzomangamanga zazing'ono kwambiri za bar imodzi, zomwe amazitcha "unvollkommenen Einschnitten", ndi zikuluzikulu za mipiringidzo iwiri, zopangidwa kuchokera ku bar imodzi, kapena zosagawanika, zomwe zimatanthauzidwa kuti " vollkommenen Einschnitten". Ku 19in. kumvetsa F. monga kamangidwe ka mipiringidzo iwiri, yapakati pakati pa mipiringidzo ya mipiringidzo imodzi ndi chiganizo cha 4-bar, imakhala chikhalidwe cha miyambo. chiphunzitso cha nyimbo (L. Busler, E. Prote, A. C. Arensky). Gawo latsopano pakuphunzira za kapangidwe ka nyimbo. mawu ogwirizana ndi dzina X. Riemann, yemwe adayika mafunso a kudulidwa kwake molumikizana kwambiri ndi dongosolo la muses. rhythms ndi metrics. Mu ntchito zake F. kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchitidwa ngati metric. mgwirizano (gulu lamitundu iwiri ya bala imodzi yokhala ndi kugunda kumodzi kolemera). Ngakhale mbiri yakale ikupita patsogolo, chiphunzitso cha dismemberment chinapezedwa m'mabuku a Riemann angapo. wasukulu wosakhala wopanda tsankho komanso zikhulupiriro. Kuchokera ku Rus. asayansi pa kapangidwe ka nyimbo. zolankhula zinaperekedwa kwa S. NDI. Tanev, G. L. Kathar, I. AT. Sopoyn, L. A. Mazel, Yu. N. Tyulin, W. A. Zuckerman. Mu ntchito zawo, monga m'mphepete mwa masiku ano. musicology, pakhala pali kuchoka pakumvetsetsa kocheperako, kokwanira kwa F. ndi malingaliro ochulukirapo a lingaliro ili, lozikidwa pa kudulidwa kwenikweni kwa moyo. Ngakhale Taneev ndi Katuar adanena kuti F. ikhoza kuyimilira zomanga zamkati komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhala masikweya (mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira katatu). Monga tawonera m'mabuku a Tyulin, F. akhoza kutsatira wina ndi mzake, popanda kugwirizana mu mapangidwe apamwamba, omwe ndi khalidwe la wok. nyimbo, komanso magawo a chitukuko mu instr. nyimbo. T. o., mosiyana ndi nthawi ndi ziganizo zomwe zimafotokozedwa, F. kukhala "ponseponse", kulowa mu muses onse. prod. Mazel ndi Zuckerman adalankhula kuti amvetsetse F. monga thematic-syntax. umodzi; monga Tyulin, iwo anatsindika kusapeŵeka kwa milandu pamene kutalika kwa kutchulidwa kwa muses anapatsidwa. gawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chofuna" komanso mawu akuti "F". Milandu yotere imayamba pamene zomanga mosalekeza zokhala ndi utali wopitilira muyeso umodzi ndi gawo loyamba la mawu ofotokozera mkati mwa chiganizo. Kusiyanitsa kuli pamalingaliro omwe chodabwitsachi chikuganiziridwa: mawu oti "cholinga" amalankhula m'malo mwa nyimbo.

L. Beethoven. Sonata ya piyano, op. 106, gawo I.

Zothandizira: Arensky A., Chitsogozo cha kuphunzira mitundu ya zida ndi mawu nyimbo, M., 1893, 1921; Catuar G., Mtundu wanyimbo, gawo 1, M., 1934; Sposobin I., Mtundu wanyimbo, M. - L., 1947, M., 1972; Mazel L., Kapangidwe ka nyimbo, M., 1960, 1979; Tyulin Yu., Kapangidwe ka mawu oimba, L., 1962; Mazel L., Zukkerman V., Kusanthula ntchito zanyimbo, M., 1967; Nazaikinsky K., Pa psychology of musical perception, M., 1972.

IV Lavrentieva