Galina Oleinichenko |

Galina Oleinichenko

Chaka chino ndi olemera mu zikondwerero za ambuye a sukulu ya mawu a dziko. Ndipo timakondwerera woyamba wa iwo kumapeto kwa February, madzulo a masika omwe akuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndi zophiphiritsa kwambiri chifukwa talente ya ngwazi yathu yamasiku ano, kapena m'malo mwake ngwazi yamasiku ano, imagwirizana ndi nyengo yamasika - yowala ndi yoyera, yofatsa komanso yanyimbo, yopepuka komanso yaulemu. Mwachidule, lero tikulemekeza woyimba wodabwitsa Galina Vasilievna Oleinichenko, yemwe mawu ake osaiŵalika adamveka mumlengalenga wathu wa mawu kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu ndipo amadziwika bwino ndi okonda onse a opera.

Galina Oleynichenko ndi wotchuka, choyamba, monga nyenyezi ya coloratura ya Bolshoi Theatre ya 60-70s. Komabe, iye anabwera ku Moscow monga woimba kale anakhazikitsa, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, anapambana mipikisano atatu mawu. Komabe, zochitika zazikulu kwambiri za ntchito yake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi siteji yaikulu ya opera ya USSR: inali pano, mu zisudzo, lomwe linali loto lalikulu kwambiri la ntchito ya woimba aliyense wa Soviet, kuti kuyimba ndi kuyimba kwa woimbayo. talente ya siteji idawululidwa kwambiri.

Galina Oleinichenko anabadwa February 23, 1928 ku Ukraine, ngati Nezhdanova lalikulu pafupi Odessa, amene ali wophiphiritsa kumlingo wakuti, popeza anali Oleinichenko, pamodzi ndi Irina Maslennikova, Elizaveta Shumskaya, Vera Firsova ndi Bela Rudenko, amene wachiwiri. theka la zaka za m'ma 1933 adagwira ntchito ya woyang'anira ndi wolowa m'malo mwa miyambo yabwino ya coloratura kuimba pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre, yolimbikitsidwa ndi coloratura wamkulu wa zaka za nkhondo isanayambe, olowa m'malo a Nezhdanova - Valeria Barsova, Elena. Stepanova ndi Elena Katulskaya. Woimba tsogolo anayamba maphunziro ake nyimbo ali mwana, kuphunzira azeze kalasi pa Special zaka khumi ana Music School. PS Stolyarsky. Sukulu yophunzirira iyi, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu XNUMX, idadziwika kwambiri mukukula kwadziko lathu, popeza ndipamene oimba ambiri otchuka apanyumba adayamba ulendo wawo. Zinali ndi chida chachilendo komanso chodabwitsa chomwe Galina wamng'ono ankaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi tsogolo lake, kuphunzira mwakhama komanso ndi chikhumbo chachikulu. Komabe, tsoka linasintha mwadzidzidzi pamene woimbayo adapeza mphatso yabwino kwambiri - mawu, ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala wophunzira wa dipatimenti ya mawu a Odessa Musical College.

Odessa m'zaka zimenezo anakhalabe lalikulu pakati chikhalidwe cha USSR, cholowa udindo kuyambira nthawi chisanadze kusintha. Amadziwika kuti Odessa Opera House ndi mmodzi wa akale kwambiri m'gawo la Ufumu wa Russia (inakhazikitsidwa mu 1810), m'mbuyomu dziko lapansi nyenyezi zinawala pa siteji yake - monga Fyodor Chaliapin, Salome Krushelnitskaya, Leonid Sobinov, Medea ndi Nikolai Figner, Giuseppe Anselmi, Enrico Caruso, Mattia Battistini, Leone Giraldoni, Titta Ruffo ndi ena. Ndipo ngakhale m'zaka za Soviet panalibenso mchitidwe woitanira nyenyezi za opera ku Italy, bwalo la masewero linapitirizabe kukhala ndi malo amphamvu mumlengalenga wa nyimbo za dziko lalikulu, lotsalira pakati pa magulu oimba a USSR: akatswiri a msinkhu wa gulu anali okwera kwambiri, zomwe zinatheka makamaka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ogwira oyenerera ophunzitsa pa Odessa Conservatory (Mapulofesa Yu.A. alendo ochita ku Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, etc.

Malo oterowo anali ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa kwambiri pakupanga luso laukadaulo, chikhalidwe chambiri komanso kukoma kwa talente yachichepere. Ngati pa chiyambi cha maphunziro ake akadali kukayikira, ndiye pamene iye maphunziro a koleji Galina ankadziwa motsimikiza kuti iye akufuna kukhala woimba, kupitiriza maphunziro ake nyimbo. Mu 1948 adalowa dipatimenti yoimba ya Odessa Conservatory. AV Nezhdanova m'kalasi ya Pulofesa NA Urban, yomwe anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi zaka zisanu.

Koma kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Oleinichenko pa siteji akatswiri zinachitika pang'ono m'mbuyomo - mu 1952, monga wophunzira, iye anaonekera koyamba pa siteji ya Odessa Opera monga Gilda, amene anakhala nyenyezi kutsogolera ntchito yake. Ngakhale kuti anali wamng'ono komanso alibe luso kwambiri, Oleinichenko nthawi yomweyo amatenga udindo wa soloist kutsogolera mu zisudzo, ndi kuimba nyimbo zonse za lyric coloratura soprano. Zachidziwikire, talente yodabwitsa ya woimbayo idachita gawo lalikulu pa izi - ali ndi mawu okongola, osinthika komanso opepuka a timbre yowonekera, ya silvery, ndipo amadziwa bwino luso la coloratura. Kukoma kwabwino komanso nyimbo zoyimba zidamupangitsa kuti azitha kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana munthawi yochepa. Zinali nyengo zitatu pa siteji ya Odessa Opera, amene anapereka woimbayo, kuwonjezera pa maziko olimba a maphunziro amawu analandira pa Conservatory, zofunika zinachitikira luso luso, amene anamulola kukhala mbuye wa kalembedwe wamkulu kwa zaka zambiri. , monga akunena, "kupitirira kukayikira".

Mu 1955, woimbayo anakhala soloist ndi Kyiv Opera, kumene ntchito kwa nyengo ziwiri. Kusintha kwa bwalo lachitatu lofunika kwambiri lanyimbo la USSR linali lachibadwa, chifukwa, kumbali imodzi, chinali kukula bwino kwa ntchito, ndipo kumbali ina, kunali kofunika kwa chitukuko cha woimbayo, chifukwa apa iye anakumana. ndi zounikira za opera Chiyukireniya zaka zimenezo, anakumana ndi siteji ndi mawu apamwamba mlingo chikhalidwe. Panthawiyo, gulu lamphamvu kwambiri la oimba achichepere, makamaka gawo la coloratura soprano, lidakwera pabwalo la Kyiv. Kuwonjezera pa Oleinichenko, Elizaveta Chavdar ndi Bela Rudenko anawala mu gulu, Evgenia Miroshnichenko anayamba ulendo wake, patangopita nthawi pang'ono Lamar Chkonia. Zoonadi, kupangidwa kowala kotereku kunatsimikizira repertoire - otsogolera ndi otsogolera adapanga mofunitsitsa coloratura divas, zinali zotheka kuyimba mbali mu zisudzo zomwe sizinachitike nthawi zambiri. Komano, kunalinso mpikisano wovuta m'bwalo la zisudzo, nthawi zambiri panali kusamvana mu ubale wa ojambulawo. Mwinamwake, izi zinathandizanso pa chisankho cha Oleinichenko kuvomera kuitanidwa ku Moscow patapita nthawi.

M'nthawi ya Moscow isanakwane, wojambulayo adachita nawo mpikisano woimba, akugonjetsa mutu wa laureate m'mipikisano itatu. Analandira mendulo yake yoyamba yagolide mu 1953 pa International Festival of Youth and Students ku Bucharest. Pambuyo pake, mu 1956, panali chigonjetso pa All-Union Vocal Competition ku Moscow, ndipo 1957 anabweretsa woimba wamng'ono chigonjetso chenicheni - mendulo ya golidi ndi Grand Prix pa International Vocal Competition ku Toulouse. Kupambana mu Toulouse kunali kosangalatsa komanso kofunikira kwa Oleinichenko, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi mipikisano yam'mbuyomu yomwe adachita nawo, inali mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi wamawu, womwe nthawi zonse umasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ophunzira komanso kukhwima kwapadera kwa oweruza otchuka.

Chigonjetso cha ku France sichinawuluke kokha ku dziko lakwawo la Ukraine - Oleinichenko, yemwe wakhala akuyang'ana ku Moscow monga woimba wodalirika, anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi Bolshoi Theatre. Ndipo mu 1957 chomwecho kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake unachitika pano: Galina Vasilyevna woyamba anaonekera pa siteji ya lalikulu Russian zisudzo mu gawo ankakonda Gilda, ndi anzake madzulo anali akatswiri kwambiri mawu Russian - Alexei Ivanov anaimba mbali ya Rigoletto. , ndipo Anatoly Orfenov anaimba Duke wa Mantua . Koyamba kunali kopambana. Orfenov anakumbukira pambuyo pake pa chochitika ichi kuti: “Ndinachita mbali ya Duke mu sewero limenelo, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ndayamikira kwambiri Galina Vasilievna monga woimba wabwino ndi mnzanga wamkulu. Mosakayikira, Oleinichenko, malinga ndi deta yake yonse, anakumana ndi zofunika kwambiri Bolshoi Theatre.

The ntchito kuwonekera koyamba kugulu sanali mmodzi, amene nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngakhale bwino: M'malo mwake, Oleinichenko amakhala soloist wa Bolshoi. Ngati woimbayo akanakhala ku Kyiv, mwina pakanakhala nduna yaikulu m'moyo wake, akadalandira maudindo otsatirawa ndi mphoto mofulumira, kuphatikizapo mutu wapamwamba wa People's Artist wa USSR, zomwe sizinachitikepo, ngakhale kuti anali ndithu. woyenera izo. Koma adani ake a Chavdar ndi Rudenko, omwe anapitirizabe kuyimba ku Kyiv Opera, adalandira asanafike zaka makumi atatu - izi zinali mfundo za akuluakulu a chikhalidwe cha Soviet pokhudzana ndi nyumba za opera za dziko. Koma kumbali ina, Oleinichenko anali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito mu imodzi mwa zisudzo zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, atazunguliridwa ndi ambuye otchuka - monga mukudziwa, mlingo wa gulu la opera mu 60-70s unali wochuluka kwambiri. Kangapo, woimbayo adapita kudziko lina ndi gulu la zisudzo, ali ndi mwayi wowonetsa luso lake kwa omvera akunja.

Galina Oleinichenko anachita pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre kwa pafupifupi kotala la zana, anachita repertoire yaikulu nthawi imeneyi. Choyamba, pa Moscow siteji wojambula anawala mu tingachipeze powerenga lyric-coloratura mbali, zabwino zimene amaona kuti Violetta, Rosina, Suzanna, Snegurochka, Marita mu The Mkwatibwi Tsar, Tsarevna Swan, Volkhova, Antonida, Lyudmila. M'maudindowa, woyimbayo adawonetsa luso la mawu osafunikira, luso laukadaulo wa coloratura, komanso kapangidwe kabwino ka siteji. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Oleinichenko sanalekerere nyimbo zamakono - nyimbo zake zowonetsera zimaphatikizapo maudindo angapo mu zisudzo za olemba Soviet. Ngakhale m'zaka za ntchito ku Odessa, iye anachita monga Nastya mu opera wotchedwa Dmitry Kabalevsky The Taras Family. Mbiri yamakono ku Bolshoi Theatre yawonjezeredwa ndi zisudzo zingapo zatsopano, mwa iwo: masewero oyambirira a "Tale of the Real Man" ndi Sergei Prokofiev (gawo la Olga), Tsogolo la Munthu lolemba Ivan Dzerzhinsky (Zinka). , and October Vano Muradeli (Lena).

Kuchita nawo gawo loyamba pa siteji ya ku Russia ya opera yopambana ya Benjamin Britten A Dream Midsummer Night, ndithudi, kunali kofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yamakono a opera repertoire. Galina Oleinichenko anakhala woyamba Russian woimba wa zovuta kwambiri ndi chidwi mbali ya mfumukazi ya elves Titania mawu a zinthu mawu. Udindo uwu ndi wochuluka kuposa wodzaza ndi mitundu yonse ya zidule za mawu, apa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kufika pamtundu wamtundu uwu wa mawu. Oleinichenko anathana ndi ntchitoyo mwanzeru, ndipo chithunzi chomwe adachipanga moyenerera chinakhala chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pamasewerowa, omwe adasonkhanitsa gulu lapamwamba la ophunzira - wotsogolera Boris Pokrovsky, wotsogolera Gennady Rozhdestvensky, wojambula Nikolai Benois, oimba Elena Obraztsova, Alexander Ognivtsev, Evgeny Kibkalo ndi ena.

Tsoka ilo, Galina Oleinichenko sanamupatse mphatso yotereyi, ngakhale kuti, ndithudi, anali ndi ntchito zina zosangalatsa ndi zisudzo zodabwitsa. Woimbayo ankamvetsera kwambiri zochitika za konsati, adayendera dziko lonse ndi kunja. Maulendo ake anayamba atangopambana chigonjetso ku Toulouse, ndipo kwa kotala la zaka zoimbaimba yekha Oleinichenko zinachitika ku England, France, Greece, Belgium, Austria, Holland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, China, Romania, Poland, Germany, etc. ndi ma operas, omwe adaphatikizidwa mu sewero lake la zisudzo, woimbayo adayimba pa siteji ya konsati kuchokera ku "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Mignon", "Manon" ndi Massenet, coloratura arias ndi Rossini, Delibes. Zakale za Chamber zimayimiridwa ndi mayina a Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Bach, Schubert, Liszt, Grieg, Gounod, Saint-Saens, Debussy, Gliere, Prokofiev, Kabalevsky, Khrennikov, Dunaevsky, Meitus. Oleinichenko nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo zachiyukireniya zamtundu wa konsati. Ntchito ya chipinda cha Galina Vasilievna ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu la Violin la Bolshoi Theatre motsogoleredwa ndi Yuli Reentovich - wakhala akuchita mobwerezabwereza ndi gululi m'dziko lathu komanso kunja.

Atachoka ku Bolshoi Theatre, Galina Oleinichenko ankaganizira za kuphunzitsa. Lero iye ndi pulofesa pa Russian Academy of Music. Gnesins, monga mlangizi, amagwirizana ndi pulogalamu ya New Names.

Tikufunirani woyimba komanso mphunzitsi wabwino thanzi labwino komanso zinthu zina zopambana!

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru