Giulia Grisi |

Giulia Grisi

F. Koni analemba kuti: “Giulia Grisi ndi wochita masewero ochititsa chidwi kwambiri masiku ano; ali ndi soprano yamphamvu, yomveka, yachangu ... Kudziwa mawu ake osinthika ndi omvera kuti akhale angwiro, amasewera ndi zovuta, kapena, m'malo mwake, samadziwa. Kuyera kodabwitsa komanso kumveka bwino kwa mawu, kusakhulupirika kosowa kwa mawu omveka komanso kukongola kwenikweni kwa zokongoletsa zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito moyenera, zimamupatsa kuyimba kosangalatsa ... kumatenthetsa nthawi zonse kuyimba kwake, kumverera kozama kwambiri, komwe kumawonetsedwa poimba ndi kusewera, komanso luso lapamwamba lokongola, lomwe nthawi zonse limasonyeza zotsatira zake zachilengedwe ndipo sizilola kukokomeza ndi kukhudzidwa. V. Botkin akumubwereza kuti: “Grisi ali ndi mwayi woposa oimba onse amakono kuti, ndi ndondomeko yabwino kwambiri ya mawu ake, ndi njira yojambula bwino kwambiri, amaphatikiza luso lapamwamba kwambiri. Aliyense amene adamuwonapo tsopano ... adzakhala ndi chithunzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'moyo mwake, mawonekedwe oyaka moto ndi mamvekedwe amagetsi awa omwe amadabwitsa owonera nthawi yomweyo. Ndiwopapatiza, samasuka mumayendedwe odekha, anyimbo chabe; mbali yake ndi kumene amamasuka, chikhalidwe chake ndi chilakolako. Zomwe Rachel ali patsoka, Grisi ali mu opera ... Ndi ndondomeko yabwino kwambiri ya mawu ndi luso lamakono, ndithudi, Grisi adzaimba bwino kwambiri udindo uliwonse ndi nyimbo iliyonse; umboni [ndi] udindo wa Rosina mu The Barber of Seville, udindo wa Elvira mu The Puritans ndi ena ambiri, amene ankaimba nthawi zonse ku Paris; koma, tikubwereza, gawo lake lachilengedwe ndi maudindo owopsa ... "

Giulia Grisi anabadwa pa July 28, 1811. Bambo ake, Gaetano Grisi, anali mkulu wa asilikali a Napoleon. Amayi ake, a Giovanna Grisi, anali woimba bwino, ndipo azakhali ake, a Giuseppina Grassini, adadziwika ngati m'modzi mwa oimba abwino kwambiri koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Mlongo wamkulu wa Giulia Giuditta anali ndi mezzo-soprano wandiweyani, anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi ulemu ku Milan Conservatory, pambuyo pake adapanga kuwonekera kwake ku Vienna, ku Rossini's Bianca e Faliero, ndipo mwamsanga anapanga ntchito yabwino. Anaimba m'mabwalo owonetserako bwino kwambiri ku Ulaya, koma adasiya siteji mofulumira, kukwatiwa ndi wolemekezeka Count Barney, ndipo anamwalira ali wamng'ono mu 1840.

Mbiri ya Julia yakula mosangalala komanso mwachikondi. Kuti adabadwa woyimba zinali zoonekeratu kwa aliyense womuzungulira: soprano yofatsa komanso yoyera ya Julia idawoneka kuti idapangidwira siteji. Mphunzitsi wake woyamba anali mlongo wake wamkulu, kenako anaphunzira ndi F. Celli ndi P. Guglielmi. Wotsatira anali G. Giacomelli. Pamene Giulia anali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Giacomelli ankaona kuti wophunzira anali wokonzeka kuwonekera koyamba kugulu zisudzo.

Woimba wachinyamatayo adamupanga kukhala Emma (Zelmira wa Rossini). Kenako anapita ku Milan, komwe anapitiriza kuphunzira ndi mkulu wake. Giuditta anakhala woyang'anira wake. Julia anaphunzira ndi mphunzitsi Marlini. Pokhapokha atakonzekera kowonjezera m'pamene adawonekeranso pa siteji. Giulia tsopano adayimba gawo la Dorlisca mu opera yoyambirira ya Rossini Torvaldo e Dorlisca ku Teatro Comunale ku Bologna. Kudzudzulidwa kunamukomera, ndipo anapita paulendo wake woyamba ku Italy.

Ku Florence, mlembi wa zisudzo zake zoyamba, Rossini, adamumva. Wopeka nyimboyo adayamikira luso la mawu, komanso kukongola kosowa, ndi machitidwe odabwitsa a woimbayo. Wolemba nyimbo wina wa opera, Bellini, nayenso anagonjetsedwa; Kuyamba kwa seweroli kunachitika mu 1830 ku Venice.

Norma ya Bellini inayamba pa December 26, 1831. La Scala analandira mwachidwi osati pasta wotchuka wa Giuditta. Woyimba wodziwika pang'ono Giulia Grisi adalandiranso nawo m'manja. Adachita gawo la Adalgisa molimba mtima komanso mwaluso mosayembekezereka. Kuchita mu "Norma" pamapeto pake kunathandizira kuti avomerezedwe pa siteji.

Pambuyo pake, Julia mwamsanga anakwera makwerero a kutchuka. Amapita ku likulu la France. Apa, azakhali ake Giuseppina, amene kamodzi anapambana mtima wa Napoleon, anatsogolera zisudzo Italy. Gulu la nyenyezi lokongola la mayina ndiye linakongoletsa malo a ku Paris: Catalani, Sontag, Pasta, Schröder-Devrient, Louise Viardot, Marie Malibran. Koma Rossini wamphamvuyonse anathandiza woimba wamng'ono kutenga chinkhoswe pa Opera Comic. Masewero adatsatiridwa mu Semiramide, kenako ku Anne Boleyn ndi Lucrezia Borgia, ndipo Grisi adagonjetsa anthu aku Parisi omwe anali ovuta. Patatha zaka ziwiri, adasamukira ku siteji ya Opera ya ku Italy ndipo posakhalitsa, malinga ndi Pasta, adazindikira maloto ake okondedwa mwa kuchita gawo la Norma pano.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Grisi adayima pambali ndi nyenyezi zazikulu kwambiri za nthawi yake. M’modzi wa otsutsawo analemba kuti: “Malibran akaimba, timamva mawu a mngelo, wolunjikitsidwa kumwamba ndi kusefukira ndi mathithithithi enieni. Mukamvetsera Grisi, mumamva mawu a mkazi yemwe amaimba molimba mtima komanso mochuluka - mawu a mwamuna, osati chitoliro. Cholondola ndi cholondola. Julia ndiye chisonyezero chenicheni cha chiyambi chathanzi, chiyembekezo, ndi magazi athunthu. Pamlingo wakutiwakuti, iye anakhala chizindikiro cha kalembedwe katsopano, kolondola ka nyimbo za opera.

Mu 1836, woimbayo anakhala mkazi wa Comte de Melay, koma iye sanasiye ntchito yake luso. Kupambana kwatsopano kumamuyembekezera mumasewera a Bellini The Pirate, Beatrice di Tenda, Puritani, La sonnambula, Rossini's Otello, The Woman of the Lake, Donizetti's Anna Boleyn, Parisina d'Este, Maria di Rohan, Belisarius. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mawu ake kunamuthandiza kuti aziimba mbali zonse za soprano ndi mezzo-soprano mosavuta, ndipo kukumbukira kwake kwapadera kunamuthandiza kuphunzira maudindo atsopano ndi liwiro lodabwitsa.

Kuyendera ku London kunabweretsa kusintha kosayembekezeka kwa tsogolo lake. Anayimba apa ndi teno wotchuka Mario. Julia anali atachita naye kale pazigawo za Paris ndi ma salons, kumene mtundu wonse wa anzeru a ku Parisian unasonkhana. Koma ku likulu la England, kwa nthawi yoyamba, adazindikiradi Count Giovanni Matteo de Candia - ndilo dzina lenileni la bwenzi lake.

Kuwerengera ali wachinyamata, atasiya maudindo abanja ndi malo, adakhala membala wa gulu lomenyera ufulu wadziko. Nditamaliza maphunziro awo ku Paris Conservatory, achinyamata owerengeka, omwe amatchedwa Mario, anayamba kuchita pa siteji. Mwamsanga anakhala wotchuka, anayenda ku Ulaya konse, ndipo anapereka gawo lalikulu la malipiro ake aakulu kwa okonda dziko la Italy.

Julia ndi Mario adakondana. Mwamuna wa woimbayo sanatsutse chisudzulo, ndi ojambula m'chikondi, atalandira mwayi woti alowe nawo tsogolo lawo, anakhalabe osagwirizana osati m'moyo, komanso pa siteji. Zisudzo zapabanja pamasewera a Don Giovanni, Ukwati wa Figaro, Ukwati Wachinsinsi, The Huguenots, ndipo pambuyo pake mu Il trovatore zidapangitsa chidwi cha anthu kulikonse - ku England, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, ndi America. Gaetano Donizetti adawalembera chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe adalenga dzuwa kwambiri, zopatsa chiyembekezo, opera Don Pasquale, yomwe idawona kuwala kwa rampu pa Januware 3, 1843.

Kuchokera mu 1849 mpaka 1853, Grisi, pamodzi ndi Mario, anachita mobwerezabwereza ku Russia. Anthu a ku Russia amva ndikuwona Grisi mu maudindo a Semiramide, Norma, Elvira, Rosina, Valentina, Lucrezia Borgia, Donna Anna, Ninetta.

Gawo la Semiramide silili limodzi mwa magawo abwino kwambiri olembedwa ndi Rossini. Kupatula pakuchita mwachidule kwa Colbrand paudindowu, kwenikweni, panalibe ochita bwino kwambiri Grisi asanachitike. Mmodzi mwa owunikirawo adalemba kuti m'ziwonetsero zam'mbuyomu za opera iyi, "Panalibe Semiramide ... zamaganizo kapena siteji." "Ndipo pamapeto pake adawonekera - Semiramis, mbuye wamkulu wa Kum'mawa, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, mayendedwe olemekezeka ndi mawonekedwe - Inde, uyu ndiye! Mkazi woyipa, chikhalidwe chachikulu ”...

A. Stakhovich akukumbukira kuti: “Papita zaka XNUMX, koma sindidzaiŵala maonekedwe ake oyamba ...” Nthaŵi zambiri, Semiramide, limodzi ndi gulu loimba lochititsa chidwi kwambiri, amawonekera pang’onopang’ono pa tutti wa oimba. Grisi anachita mosiyana: “… mwadzidzidzi mkazi wonenepa, watsitsi lakuda, atavala malaya oyera, ali ndi mikono yokongola, yopanda manja kumapewa, akutuluka mwamsanga; adaweramira wansembeyo ndipo, potembenuka ndi mbiri yakale yodabwitsa, anayima pamaso pa omvera modabwa ndi kukongola kwake kwachifumu. Kuwomba m'manja kunagunda, kukuwa: bravo, bravo! - musamulole kuyamba aria. Grisi anapitiriza kuyimirira, akuwala ndi kukongola, mu maonekedwe ake akuluakulu ndipo sanasokoneze chiyambi chake chodabwitsa cha ntchitoyi ndi mauta kwa omvera.

Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa omvera ku St. Petersburg chinali momwe Grisi adayimba mu opera I Puritani. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, E. Frezzolini anakhalabe woimba wosapambana wa udindo wa Elvira pamaso pa okonda nyimbo. Malingaliro a Grisi anali odabwitsa. “Kuyerekeza konse kunayiwalika…,” analemba motero mmodzi wa otsutsawo, “ndipo aliyense anavomereza mosakayikira kuti tinalibe Elvira wabwinoko. Kukongola kwamasewera ake kudakopa aliyense. Grisi anapereka udindo uwu mithunzi yatsopano ya chisomo, ndipo mtundu wa Elvira yemwe adalenga ukhoza kukhala chitsanzo kwa ojambula, ojambula ndi ndakatulo. Anthu aku France ndi aku Italiya sanathebe kuthana ndi vutoli: kuyimba kokhako kumayenera kukhala kopambana mu sewero la opera, kapena ngati gawo lalikulu likhalebe patsogolo - masewerawo. Grisi, mu udindo wa Elvira, anaganiza funso mokomera chikhalidwe otsiriza, kutsimikizira ndi ntchito zodabwitsa kuti Ammayi amatenga malo oyamba pa siteji. Kumapeto kwa chochitika choyamba, chochitika cha misala chinachitidwa ndi iye mwaluso kwambiri kotero kuti, kukhetsa misozi kuchokera kwa owonerera opanda chidwi kwambiri, adapangitsa aliyense kudabwa ndi luso lake. Tidazolowera kuwona kuti misala ya siteji imadziwika ndi ma pantomime akuthwa, aang'ono, kuyenda kosasinthika komanso maso akungoyendayenda. Grisi-Elvira adatiphunzitsa kuti kulemekezeka ndi chisomo chakuyenda kuyenera kukhala kosagwirizana ndi misala. Grisi nayenso adathamanga, adadzigwetsa, adagwada, koma zonsezi zidapangidwa ... Grisi adadabwitsa aliyense ndi mtundu wake wosiyana wa nyimbo. Timakumbukira yemwe adamutsogolera: mawuwa akhala akutikhudza nthawi zonse, monga kulira kwa chikondi chopanda chiyembekezo. Grisi, pakutuluka komwe, adazindikira kusatheka kwa chiyembekezo komanso kukonzekera kufa. Zapamwamba, zokongola kwambiri kuposa izi, sitinamve kalikonse.

Mu theka lachiwiri la 50s, matendawa adayamba kusokoneza mawu omveka bwino a Julia Grisi. Iye anamenyana, analandira chithandizo, anapitiriza kuimba, ngakhale kupambana m'mbuyomu sanalinso anatsagana naye. Mu 1861 iye anasiya siteji, koma sanasiye kuchita zoimbaimba.

Mu 1868 Julia anaimba komaliza. Zinachitika pamaliro a Rossini. Mu mpingo wa Santa Maria del Fiore, pamodzi ndi kwaya yaikulu, Grisi ndi Mario anachita Stabat Mater. Seweroli linali lomaliza kwa woimbayo. Malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake, mawu ake ankamveka okongola komanso amoyo, monga zaka zabwino kwambiri.

Patapita miyezi ingapo, ana ake aakazi onse anamwalira mwadzidzidzi, kenako Giulia Grisi pa November 29, 1869.