Francesco Tamagno |

Francesco Tamagno

Wolemba nkhani wodabwitsa Irakli Andronnikov anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi olankhula nawo. Kamodzi mnansi wake m'chipinda chipatala anali kwambiri Russian wosewera Alexander Ostuzhev. Anakhala masiku ambiri akukambirana. Mwanjira ina tinkakamba za udindo wa Othello - imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pantchito ya wojambulayo. Ndiyeno Ostuzhev anauza interlocutor tcheru nkhani chidwi.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, woimba wotchuka wa ku Italy Francesco Tamagno anapita ku Moscow, yemwe anadabwitsa aliyense ndi ntchito yake ya Otello mu opera ya Verdi ya dzina lomwelo. Mphamvu yoloŵa ya mawu a woimbayo inali yoti amvekere mumsewu, ndipo ophunzira amene analibe ndalama za tikiti anadza m’khamulo ku bwalo la zisudzo kudzamvetsera mbuye wamkuluyo. Ananena kuti asanayambe kusewera, Tamagno adamanga pachifuwa chake ndi corset yapadera kuti asapume kwambiri. Ponena za masewera ake, adachita chochitika chomaliza mwaluso kotero kuti omvera adalumpha kuchokera pamipando yawo panthawi yomwe woimbayo "adapyoza" pachifuwa chake ndi lupanga. Iye anadutsa udindo uwu pamaso kuyamba (Tamagno anali nawo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu dziko) ndi wolemba yekha. Owona ndi maso adasunga kukumbukira momwe Verdi adawonetsera mwaluso woimbayo momwe angabaya. Kuyimba kwa Tamagno kwasiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika kwa ambiri okonda zisudzo zaku Russia ndi akatswiri ojambula.

KS Stanislavsky, yemwe adapezeka nawo ku Mamontov Opera, komwe woimbayo adayimba mu 1891, amakumbukira zomwe adayimba mosaiwalika: "Asanayimbe koyamba ku Moscow, sanalengezedwe mokwanira. Iwo anali kuyembekezera woyimba wabwino - palibenso. Tamagno adatuluka atavala zovala za Othello, ndi chithunzi chake chachikulu champhamvu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adagontha ndi mawu owononga. Khamu la anthu mwachibadwa, ngati munthu mmodzi, linatsamira kumbuyo, ngati kuti likudziteteza ku mantha a zipolopolo. Cholemba chachiwiri - champhamvu kwambiri, chachitatu, chachinayi - chochulukirapo - ndipo pamene, monga moto wochokera ku chigwa, cholemba chomaliza chinatuluka pa mawu akuti "Muslim-aa-nee", omvera adataya chikumbumtima kwa mphindi zingapo. Tonse tinalumpha. Anzake anali kufunafuna wina ndi mnzake. Alendo anatembenukira kwa alendo ndi funso lomwelo: “Mwamva? Ndi chiyani?" Oimba oimbawo anaima. Chisokonezo pa siteji. Koma mwadzidzidzi, atazindikira, khamu la anthulo linathamangira pabwalo ndi kubangula mwachisangalalo, likufuna kuti apiteko. Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin nayenso anali ndi maganizo apamwamba a woimba. Umu ndi momwe amafotokozera m'mabuku ake "Masamba a Moyo Wanga" za ulendo wake ku La Scala Theatre m'chaka cha 1901 (komwe bass mwiniwakeyo adaimba mopambana mu "Mephistopheles" ya Boito) kuti amvetsere kwa woyimba wotchuka: "Pomaliza, Tamagno adawonekera. Wolembayo [wopeka amene tsopano aiwalika I. Lara amene woimbayo Messalina anachita - mkonzi.] anamukonzera mawu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Anapangitsa kuti anthu onse asangalale. Tamagno ndi mawu apadera, ndinganene, mawu akale. Wamtali, wowonda, ndi wojambula wokongola monganso woyimba wapadera. ”

Felia Litvin wotchuka adakondweranso ndi luso la ku Italy lodziwika bwino, lomwe likuwonekera bwino m'buku lake lakuti "My Life and My Art": "Ndinamvanso" William Tell "ndi F. Tamagno mu udindo wa Arnold. N’zosatheka kufotokoza kukongola kwa mawu ake, mphamvu yake yachibadwa. Atatu ndi aria "O Matilda" adandisangalatsa. Monga wosewera watsoka, Tamagno analibe wofanana naye. "

Wojambula wamkulu wa ku Russia Valentin Serov, yemwe adayamikira woimbayo kuyambira kukhala ku Italy, komwe adamumvera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakumana naye ku malo a Mamontov, adajambula chithunzi chake, chomwe chinakhala chimodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri pa ntchito ya wojambula. 1891, yolembedwa mu 1893). Serov adatha kupeza mawonekedwe odabwitsa (mwadala monyadira adakweza mutu), omwe amawonetsa bwino luso lachi Italiya.

Zikumbukiro izi zimatha kupitilira. Woimbayo adayendera mobwerezabwereza ku Russia (osati ku Moscow kokha, komanso ku St. Petersburg mu 1895-96). Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri tsopano, pamasiku a chikondwerero cha 150 cha woimbayo, kukumbukira njira yake yolenga.

Iye anabadwira ku Turin pa December 28, 1850 ndipo anali mmodzi mwa ana 15 m’banja la wosamalira nyumba ya alendo. Ali mnyamata, ankaphunzira ntchito yophika buledi, kenako ankagwira ntchito yosula maloko. Anayamba kuphunzira kuimba ku Turin ndi C. Pedrotti, mtsogoleri wa gulu la Regio Theatre. Kenako anayamba kuimba kwaya ya zisudzo izi. Atagwira ntchito ya usilikali, anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Milan. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wa woyimba unachitika mu 1869 ku Palermo mu opera Donizetti "Polyeuctus" (mbali ya Nearco, mtsogoleri wa Akhristu Armenia). Iye anapitiriza kuchita timagulu tating'ono mpaka 1874, mpaka, potsiriza, yemweyo Palermo Theatre "Massimo" kupambana anabwera kwa iye mu udindo wa Richard (Riccardo) mu opera Verdi "Un ballo mu maschera". Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba kukwera mofulumira kwa woimba wamng'ono kutchuka. Mu 1877 adayamba ku La Scala (Vasco da Gama mu Meyerbeer's Le Africane), mu 1880 adayimba komweko mu sewero ladziko lonse la opera ya Ponchielli The Prodigal Son, mu 1881 adachita gawo la Gabriel Adorno mu sewero la nyimbo yatsopano. Verdi's opera Simon Boccanegra, mu 1884 adachita nawo gawo loyamba la kope la 2 (Chiitaliya) la Don Carlos (gawo lamutu).

Mu 1889, woimbayo anachita kwa nthawi yoyamba ku London. M'chaka chomwecho adayimba gawo la Arnold mu "William Tell" (mmodzi mwa opambana kwambiri pa ntchito yake) ku Chicago (ku America koyambirira). Kupambana kwakukulu kwa Tamagno ndi gawo la Othello mu sewero ladziko lonse la opera (1887, La Scala). Zambiri zalembedwa ponena za masewerowa, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kwake, komanso kupambana, komwe, pamodzi ndi wolemba nyimbo ndi womasulira (A.Boito), adagawidwa moyenerera ndi Tamagno (Othello), Victor Morel (Iago) ndi Romilda Pantaleoni (Desdemona). Nyimboyo itatha, khamu la anthu linazungulira nyumba imene woimbirayo ankakhala. Verdi adatuluka kupita pakhonde atazunguliridwa ndi abwenzi. Panali kufuula kwa Tamagno "Esultate!". Khamu la anthu linayankha ndi mawu chikwi.

Udindo wa Othello wochitidwa ndi Tamagno wakhala wodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya opera. Woyimbayo adayamikiridwa ndi Russia, America (1890, kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ku Metropolitan Theatre), England (1895, ku Covent Garden), Germany (Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Cologne), Vienna, Prague, osatchula zisudzo zaku Italy .

Mwa maphwando ena omwe woimbayo adachita bwino ndi Ernani mu opera ya Verdi ya dzina lomwelo, Edgar (Donizetti Lucia di Lammermoor), Enzo (La Gioconda lolemba Ponchielli), Raul (Meyerbeer's Huguenots). John waku Leiden (“Mneneri” wolembedwa ndi Meyerbeer), Samson (“Samson ndi Delila” lolembedwa ndi Saint-Saens). Kumapeto kwa ntchito yake yoimba, adayimbanso mbali zolimba. Mu 1903, zidutswa zingapo ndi ma arias ochokera ku ma opera opangidwa ndi Tamagno adalembedwa pamawu. Mu 1904 woimbayo anasiya siteji. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iye anachita nawo ndale mbadwa ya Turin, anathamangira zisankho mzinda (1904). Tamagno anamwalira pa August 31, 1905 ku Varese.

Tamagno anali ndi talente yowala kwambiri ya tenor yochititsa chidwi, yokhala ndi mawu amphamvu komanso mawu olimba m'marejista onse. Kumlingo wina, izi zidakhala (pamodzi ndi zabwino) choyipa china. Chotero Verdi, akumafunafuna munthu woyenerera pa udindo wa Othello, analemba kuti: “M’mbali zambiri, Tamagno angakhale woyenera kwambiri, koma mwa ena ambiri, iye sali woyenera. Pali ziganizo zazikulu komanso zowonjezereka zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa pa mezza voche, zomwe sizingatheke kwa iye ... Izi zimandidetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Pogwira mawu m'buku lake lakuti "Vocal Parallels" mawu awa ochokera m'kalata ya Verdi yopita kwa wofalitsa Giulio Ricordi, woimba wotchuka G. Lauri-Volpi akunenanso kuti: "Tamagno anagwiritsa ntchito, kuti apititse patsogolo kumveka kwa mawu ake, mphuno za m'mphuno, kuzidzaza. ndi mpweya potsitsa nsalu yotchinga ya palatine ndikugwiritsa ntchito kupuma kwa diaphragmatic-m'mimba. Mosapeŵeka, emphysema ya m’mapapo inayenera kubwera ndi kuyamba, zimene zinam’kakamiza kuchoka pa siteji panthaŵi yamtengo wapatali ndipo posakhalitsa anam’bweretsa kumanda.

Zoonadi, ili ndi maganizo a mnzawo pa msonkhano woimba, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi ozindikira monga momwe amakondera anzawo. Sizingatheke kuchotsa ku Italiya wamkulu kapena kukongola kwa mawu, kapena luso lamphamvu la kupuma ndi kutanthauzira kosadziwika bwino, kapena kupsa mtima.

Zojambula zake zakhala zikulowa mu chuma cha classical opera heritage.

E. Tsodokov