Giulietta Simionato |

Giulietta Simonato

Amene ankamudziwa komanso kumukonda Juliet Simionato, ngakhale kuti sanamumve m’bwalo la zisudzo, anali otsimikiza kuti adzakhala ndi moyo zaka zana limodzi. Zinali zokwanira kuyang'ana chithunzi cha woyimba wa tsitsi la imvi komanso wokongola nthawi zonse mu chipewa cha pinki: nthawi zonse pamakhala chinyengo pa nkhope yake. Simonato anali wotchuka chifukwa cha nthabwala zake. Ndipo komabe, Juliet Simionato adamwalira patatsala sabata imodzi kuti akwanitse zaka zana, pa Meyi 5, 2010.

Mmodzi wa mezzo-sopranos wotchuka kwambiri wazaka za zana la makumi awiri adabadwa pa Meyi 12, 1910 ku Forlì, m'chigawo cha Emilia-Romagna, pafupifupi theka la pakati pa Bologna ndi Rimini, m'banja la kazembe wandende. Makolo ake sanali ochokera kumalo awa, bambo ake anali ochokera Mirano, osati kutali ndi Venice, ndipo mayi ake anali ku chilumba cha Sardinia. Kunyumba kwa amayi ake ku Sardinia, Juliet (monga momwe amatchulidwira m'banja; dzina lake lenileni anali Julia) adakhala ali mwana. Pamene mtsikanayo anali ndi zaka eyiti, banja anasamukira ku Rovigo, pakati pa chigawo cha dzina lomwelo m'dera Veneto. Juliet anatumizidwa kusukulu ya Chikatolika, kumene anaphunzitsidwa kujambula, kupeta, luso lophikira, ndi kuimba. Nthawi yomweyo masisitere anakopa chidwi cha mphatso yake yoimba. Woimba mwiniyo adanena kuti nthawi zonse amafuna kuimba. Kuti achite izi anadzitsekera kubafa. Koma kunalibe! Mayi ake a Juliet, omwe ndi mayi wovuta amene ankalamulira banja ndi chitsulo ndipo nthawi zambiri ankalanga ana, ananena kuti angachite bwino kupha mwana wawoyo ndi manja ake kusiyana ndi kumulola kuti akhale woimba. Signora, komabe, anamwalira pamene Juliet anali ndi zaka 15, ndipo chotchinga cha chitukuko cha mphatso yozizwitsa chinagwa. Wotchuka tsogolo anayamba kuphunzira Rovigo, ndiye Padua. Aphunzitsi ake anali Ettore Locatello ndi Guido Palumbo. Giulietta Simionato adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu 1927 mu sewero lanyimbo la Rossato Nina, Non fare la stupida (Nina, musakhale opusa). Bambo ake anamuperekeza kumayesero. Panthaŵiyo m’pamene mkulu wa ku Albanese wa ku Albanese anamumva, yemwe analosera kuti: “Ngati mawuwa aphunzitsidwa bwino, tsiku lidzafika pamene mabwalo owonetsera maseŵera adzagwa chifukwa cha kuwomba m’manja.” Ntchito yoyamba ya Juliet monga woimba wa opera inachitika chaka chotsatira, m'tawuni yaing'ono ya Montagnana pafupi ndi Padua (mwa njira, Toscanini yemwe ankakonda kwambiri Aureliano Pertile anabadwira kumeneko).

Kukula kwa ntchito ya Simionato kumatikumbutsa mwambi wotchuka wakuti “Chi va piano, va sano e va lontano”; chofanana ndi Chirasha ndi "Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kupitilira apo." Mu 1933, iye anapambana mpikisano mawu mu Florence (385 nawo), pulezidenti wa jury anali Umberto Giordano, wolemba Andre Chenier ndi Fedora, ndi mamembala ake anali Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, Rosina Storchio, Alessandro Bonci, Tullio Serafin. Atamva Juliet, Rosina Storchio (woyamba kuchita sewero la Madama Butterfly) anati kwa iye: “Imba choncho, wokondedwa wanga nthaŵi zonse.”

Kupambana mu mpikisano kunapatsa woimbayo mwayi wochita kafukufuku ku La Scala. Anasaina mgwirizano wake woyamba ndi masewera otchuka a Milan mu nyengo ya 1935-36. Inali mgwirizano wosangalatsa: Juliet anayenera kuphunzira tizigawo ting'onoting'ono tonse ndikukhalapo nthawi zonse zoyeserera. Maudindo ake oyamba ku La Scala anali Mistress of the Novices mu Mlongo Angelica ndi Giovanna ku Rigoletto. Nyengo zambiri zadutsa mu ntchito yodalirika yomwe sikubweretsa kukhutitsidwa kapena kutchuka (Simionato anaimba Flora ku La Traviata, Siebel ku Faust, Savoyard yaing'ono ku Fyodor, etc.). Pomaliza, mu 1940, wodziwika bwino baritone Mariano Stabile anaumirira kuti Juliet ayimbe gawo la Cherubino mu Le nozze di Figaro ku Trieste. Koma kupambana koyamba kwenikweni kunali koyenera kudikirira zaka zisanu: adabweretsedwa kwa Juliet ndi udindo wa Dorabella mu Così fan tutte. Komanso mu 1940, Simionato adachita ngati Santuzza ku Rural Honor. Wolemba yekha anaima kumbuyo kutonthoza, ndipo iye anali wamng'ono mwa soloists: "mwana wake" anali wamkulu zaka makumi awiri kuposa iye.

Ndipo potsiriza, kupambana: mu 1947, ku Genoa, Simionato anayimba gawo lalikulu mu opera Tom "Mignon" ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo akubwereza ku La Scala (Wilhelm Meister wake anali Giuseppe Di Stefano). Tsopano munthu amangomwetulira pamene akuŵerenga mayankho m’nyuzipepala: “Giulietta Simionato, amene tinali kumuona m’mizere yomalizira, tsopano ali woyamba, chotero kuyenera kukhala mwachilungamo.” Udindo wa Mignon unakhala chizindikiro cha Simionato, mu opera iyi yomwe adayambitsa ku La Fenice ku Venice mu 1948, ndi ku Mexico mu 1949, kumene omvera adamukonda kwambiri. Lingaliro la Tullio Serafina linali lofunikanso kwambiri: “Sikuti mwapita patsogolo kokha, komanso mwasintha zenizeni!” Maestro adati kwa Giulietta atasewera "Così fan tutte" ndikumupatsa udindo wa Carmen. Koma panthawiyo, Simionato sanamve kuti anali wokhwima mokwanira pa udindo umenewu ndipo anapeza mphamvu zokana.

Mu nyengo ya 1948-49, Simionato adatembenukira ku zisudzo za Rossini, Bellini ndi Donizetti. Pang'onopang'ono, adafika pamtunda weniweni mu nyimbo zamtunduwu ndipo adakhala m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri ku Bel Canto Renaissance. Kutanthauzira kwake kwa maudindo a Leonora mu The Favorite, Isabella mu Mtsikana wa ku Italy ku Algiers, Rosina ndi Cinderella, Romeo ku Capuleti ndi Montagues ndi Adalgisa ku Norma anakhalabe ofanana.

M’chaka chomwecho cha 1948, Simionato anakumana ndi Callas. Juliet anaimba nyimbo ya Mignon ku Venice, ndipo Maria anaimba Tristan ndi Isolde. Ubwenzi weniweni unabuka pakati pa oimba. Nthawi zambiri ankaimba limodzi: mu "Anna Boleyn" anali Anna ndi Giovanna Seymour, mu "Norma" - Norma ndi Adalgisa, mu "Aida" - Aida ndi Amneris. Simionato anakumbukira kuti: “Maria ndi Renata Tebaldi ndiwo okha amene ankanditchula kuti Giulia, osati Juliet.”

M’zaka za m’ma 1950, Giulietta Simionato anagonjetsa dziko la Austria. Maulalo ake ndi Chikondwerero cha Salzburg, komwe nthawi zambiri ankayimba pansi pa ndodo ya Herbert von Karajan, ndipo Vienna Opera inali yamphamvu kwambiri. Orpheus mu opera ya Gluck mu 1959, yomwe inajambulidwa muzojambula, udakali umboni wosaiwalika wa mgwirizano wake ndi Karajan.

Simionato anali wojambula wapadziko lonse lapansi: maudindo "opatulika" a mezzo-sopranos m'masewera a Verdi - Azucena, Ulrika, Princess Eboli, Amneris - adamugwirira ntchito komanso maudindo achikondi a bel canto opera. Anali Preciosilla wosewera mu The Force of Destiny komanso Mistress Wosangalatsa Mwamsanga ku Falstaff. Adatsalirabe m'mabuku a opera monga Carmen ndi Charlotte opambana ku Werther, Laura ku La Gioconda, Santuzza ku Rustic Honour, Princess de Bouillon ku Adrienne Lecouvrere ndi Princess ku Mlongo Angelica. Mfundo yapamwamba ya ntchito yake ikugwirizana ndi kutanthauzira kwa udindo wa soprano wa Valentina mu Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Woimba wa ku Italy adayimbanso Marina Mnishek ndi Marfa mu zisudzo za Mussorgsky. Koma kwa zaka zambiri za ntchito yake yaitali Simionato anachita mu zisudzo Monteverdi, Handel, Cimarosa, Mozart, Gluck, Bartok, Honegger, Richard Strauss. Repertoire wake wafika ziwerengero zakuthambo: 132 maudindo mu ntchito 60 olemba.

Anachita bwino kwambiri pa Berlioz's Les Troyens (sewero loyamba ku La Scala) mu 1960. Mu 1962, adagwira nawo ntchito yotsanzikana ndi Maria Callas pa siteji ya Milan Theatre: inali Medea ya Cherubini, ndipo abwenzi akale analinso. pamodzi, Maria mu udindo wa Medea, Juliet mu udindo wa Neris. M'chaka chomwechi, Simionato adawonekera ngati Pirene mu Atlantis ya De Falla (adamufotokozera kuti ndi "wokhazikika komanso wosachita zisudzo"). Mu 1964, adayimba Azucena mu Il trovatore ku Covent Garden, sewero lopangidwa ndi Luchino Visconti. Kukumananso ndi Maria - nthawi ino ku Paris, mu 1965, ku Norma.

Mu January 1966, Giulietta Simionato anasiya siteji ya zisudzo. Kuchita kwake komaliza kunachitika mu gawo laling'ono la Servilia mu opera ya Mozart "Chifundo cha Titus" pa siteji ya Teatro Piccola Scala. Anali ndi zaka 56 zokha ndipo anali womveka bwino komanso womveka bwino. Ambiri mwa ogwira nawo ntchito analibe, analibe, ndipo analibe nzeru ndi ulemu kuti achitepo kanthu. Simionato ankafuna kuti fano lake likhalebe lokongola mu kukumbukira omvera, ndipo anakwaniritsa izi. Kuchoka kwake pa siteji kunagwirizana ndi chisankho chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake: adakwatiwa ndi dokotala wotchuka, dokotala wa opaleshoni wa Mussolini Cesare Frugoni, yemwe adamusamalira kwa zaka zambiri ndipo anali wamkulu zaka makumi atatu kuposa iye. Kumbuyo kwaukwati womaliza uwu kunali ukwati woyamba wa woimbayo ndi woyimba zeze Renato Carenzio (adasiyana kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940). Frugoni nayenso anali wokwatira. Kusudzulana kunalibe ku Italy panthawiyo. Ukwati wawo unatheka kokha pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake woyamba. Anayenera kukhalira limodzi kwa zaka 12. Frugoni anamwalira mu 1978. Simionato anakwatiranso, kugwirizanitsa moyo wake ndi bwenzi lake lakale, wochita mafakitale Florio De Angeli; adayenera kukhala ndi moyo kuposa iye: adamwalira mu 1996.

Zaka makumi anayi ndi zinayi kutali ndi siteji, kuwomba m'manja ndi mafani: Giulietta Simionato wakhala nthano pa moyo wake. Nthanoyi ndi yamoyo, yokongola komanso yochenjera. Kangapo iye anakhala pa oweruza mpikisano mawu. Pa konsati yolemekeza Carl Böhm pa Chikondwerero cha Salzburg mu 1979, adaimba nyimbo ya Cherubino "Voi che sapete" kuchokera ku Le nozze di Figaro ya Mozart. Mu 1992, pamene director Bruno Tosi adayambitsa Maria Callas Society, adakhala purezidenti wawo wolemekezeka. Mu 1995, adakondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa la 95 pa siteji ya La Scala Theatre. Ulendo womaliza womwe Simionato adapanga ali ndi zaka za 2005, mu XNUMX, adaperekedwa kwa Maria: sakanatha kuchitira ulemu ndi kukhalapo kwake mwambo wotsegulira njira yopita kuseri kwa zisudzo za La Fenice ku Venice polemekeza woyimba wamkulu. ndi bwenzi lakale.

“Sindilakalaka kapena ndikunong’oneza bondo. Ndinapereka zonse zomwe ndikanatha pa ntchito yanga. Chikumbumtima changa chili pamtendere.” Ichi chinali chimodzi mwa mawu ake omaliza kusindikizidwa. Giulietta Simionato anali mmodzi wa mezzo-sopranos ofunika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Anali wolowa m'malo mwa Catalan Conchita Supervia wosayerekezeka, yemwe amadziwika kuti adatsitsimutsanso nyimbo za Rossini chifukwa cha mawu otsika achikazi. Koma maudindo akuluakulu a Verdi adalowa m'malo mwa Simionato. Mawu ake sanali akulu kwambiri, koma owala, apadera mu timbre, momveka bwino ngakhale pamitundu yonse, ndipo adadziwa luso lopatsa munthu kukhudza kwa ntchito zonse zomwe adachita. Sukulu yayikulu, kulimba mtima kwamawu: Simionato adakumbukira momwe adakwera siteji kwa mausiku 13 otsatizana, ku Norma ku Milan ndi Barber waku Seville ku Rome. “Pamapeto pa sewerolo, ndinathamangira kusiteshoni, kumene anali kuyembekezera kuti ndipereke chizindikiro chakuti sitimayo inyamuka. Ndili pa sitima, ndinavula zopakapaka. Mkazi wokongola, munthu wamoyo, wabwino kwambiri, wochenjera, wochita zisudzo wachikazi wokhala ndi nthabwala zazikulu. Simionato ankadziwa kuvomereza zolakwa zake. Iye sanali wosasamala za kupambana kwake, kusonkhanitsa malaya a ubweya "monga akazi ena amasonkhanitsa zakale", m'mawu akeake, adavomereza kuti anali wansanje ndipo ankakonda miseche za tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa omenyana nawo. Sanamve chisoni kapena kumva chisoni. Chifukwa iye anatha kukhala moyo mokwanira ndi kukhalabe mu kukumbukira a m'nthawi yake ndi mbadwa monga kaso, zoseketsa, mafanizo a mgwirizano ndi nzeru.