Glissando |

Glissando (Italian glissando, kuchokera ku French glisser - to slide) ndi njira yapadera yosewera, yomwe imakhala ndi kulowetsa chala mofulumira pazingwe kapena makiyi a nyimbo. chida. Mosiyana ndi portamento, yomwe ndi njira yofotokozera. sewero, lomwe silinakhazikitsidwe ndi wolemba nyimbo ndipo nthawi zambiri molakwika limatchedwa G., kwenikweni G. imakhazikika mu mawu otuluka thukuta, kuyimira gawo lofunikira la nyimbo. Mu fp. Masewera a G. amatheka potsetsereka mbali yakunja ya msomali phalanx ya chala chachikulu kapena chala chachitatu (nthawi zambiri kudzanja lamanja) motsatira makiyi oyera kapena akuda. Popanga zida za kiyibodi G. imapezeka koyamba mu French. Wolemba JB Moreau m'gulu lake. "Buku loyamba la zidutswa za harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 3). Chatekinoloje yapadera. zovuta zimaperekedwa ndi kuphedwa pa fp. G. yotsatizana ngati sikelo ya zolemba ziwiri (zachitatu, zisanu ndi chimodzi, octave) ndi dzanja limodzi (ndi malo ake okhazikika), zomwe zimafuna kutsetsereka kwa zala ziwiri pamakiyi (mtundu uwu wa G. umapangidwanso ndi manja awiri) .

G. imachitidwa mosavuta pa piyano. mapangidwe akale okhala ndi zosinthika kwambiri, zotchedwa. Viennese mechanics. Mwina ndichifukwa chake G. mu magawo asanu ndi limodzi ofananira adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi WA ​​Mozart (zosiyana za "Lison dormant"). Mamba a Octave amapezeka ku L. Beethoven (Concerto mu C Major, Sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concertpiece", op. 79), G. mu magawo atatu ndi ma quarts ku M. Ravel ("Mirrors") ndi ena.

Ngati pazida za kiyibodi ndi dongosolo lawo laukali, mothandizidwa ndi G., sikelo yokhala ndi phula linalake imachotsedwa, ndiye pazida zoweramira, zomwe machitidwe aulere ali ndi mawonekedwe, kudzera mwa G., chromatic imachotsedwa. kutsatizana kwa phokoso, ndi phokoso, ntchito yeniyeni ya semitones sikofunikira (njira ya zala siziyenera kusakanikirana ndi g. pa zida zoweramira - ntchito ya chromatic scale poyendetsa chala). Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa g. poyimba zida zoweramira Ch. ayi. mu coloristic zotsatira. G. kachitidwe ka ndime zina pazida zoweramira, kupatula chromatic. sikelo, imatheka posewera ndi ma harmonics. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zakale kwambiri za G. pa zida zoweramira chiri mu Chitaliyana. wolemba K. Farina (mu "An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, skr. solo), pogwiritsa ntchito G. monga chilengedwe. kulandira mawu. M'gulu lachikale la G. silipezeka mu nyimbo za zida zoweramira (zosowa za G. kukwera chromatic motsatizana ndi octaves mu code ya 1st gawo la concerto kwa A. Dvorak). Monga njira yosewera mwaluso, zigawenga zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabuku olembedwa ndi oimba nyimbo zachikondi komanso oimba nyimbo zama cell. mayendedwe (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, ndi ena). G. imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana makamaka ngati utoto wa timbre mu nyimbo. zolemba m'zaka za zana la 20 za zida zoweramira komanso ngati wojambula. phwando mu kuyimba (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo kuchokera 1st concerto kwa violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos ndi zidutswa za violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" kwa violin; Z. Kodaly - G. chords mu sonata kwa solo, G. . violin ndi mabasi awiri mu "Spanish Rhapsody" lolemba Ravel). Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za G. vlch. ili mu gawo lachiwiri la sonata la VC. ndi fp. DD Shostakovich. Njira yapadera ndi G. flageolets, mwachitsanzo. cellos ndi NA Rimsky-Korsakov ("Usiku Usanafike Khrisimasi"), VV Shcherbachev (2nd symphony), Ravel ("Daphnis ndi Chloe"), violas ndi akuluakulu. MO Steinberg ("Metamorphoses") ndi ena.

G. ndi njira yofala kwambiri pakuyimba zeze, komwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kwambiri (m'zolemba za oimba a theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 1, mawu achitaliyana akuti sdrucciolando nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito). Apfic G. nthawi zambiri imamangidwa pamawu a zotengera zachisanu ndi chiwiri (kuphatikiza zocheperako; nthawi zambiri zimangomveka pamawu osagwirizana). Mukamaimba G., zingwe zonse za zeze, mothandizidwa ndi kukonzanso kwa otd. amamveka, perekani mawu a manotsi okhawo omwe akuphatikizidwa mu nyimbo yoperekedwa. Ndi kuyenda pansi, G. pa zeze amachitidwa ndi chala choyamba chopindika pang'ono, ndi kukwera - ndi chachiwiri (dzanja limodzi kapena awiri mu kutembenuka, kupatukana ndi kuwoloka kayendedwe ka manja). G. amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pamatsatidwe ngati a gamma.

G. amagwiritsidwa ntchito posewera mizimu yamkuwa. zida - pa trombone mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka backstage (mwachitsanzo, trombone solo mu "Pulcinella" ndi IF Stravinsky), lipenga, pa zida zoimbira (mwachitsanzo, G. pedal timpani mu "Nyimbo za zida zoweramira, kugwedeza ndi celesta” B . Bartok).

G. imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu folk instr. adapachika. (Kalembedwe ka Verbunkosh), rum. ndi nkhungu. nyimbo, komanso jazi. M'mawu a nyimbo a G., mawu oyamba ndi omaliza a ndimeyi nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa, mawu apakati amasinthidwa ndi mzere kapena mzere wa wavy.