Guqin: kufotokoza kwa chida, momwe chimagwirira ntchito, phokoso, kusewera

Qixianqin ndi chida choimbira cha China. Amadziwika chifukwa cha luso lake lapamwamba losewera komanso mbiri yakale. Dzina lina ndi guqin. Zida zapadziko lapansi zogwirizana: kayagym, yatyg, gusli, zeze.

Guqin ndi chiyani

Mtundu wa chida - chingwe chordophone. Banja ndi zither. Guqin wakhala akusewera kuyambira kalekale. Chiyambireni kupangidwa kwake, yakhala ikulemekezedwa kwambiri ndi andale ndi akatswiri amaphunziro monga chida chapamwamba kwambiri ndi kutsogola. Anthu a ku China amatcha guqin "tate wa nyimbo za ku China" ndi "chida cha anzeru".

Qixianqin ndi chida chodekha. Mtunduwu umangokhala ma octave anayi. Zingwe zotseguka zimayikidwa mu kaundula wa bass. Phokoso lochepa la 2 octave pansi pakatikati C. Zomveka zimapangidwira podula zingwe zotseguka, zingwe zoyimitsa ndi harmonica.

Momwe guqin imagwirira ntchito

Kupanga guqin ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, monga kupanga zida zina zoimbira. Qixianqin imayimira chizindikiro chake pakusankha zida zopangira.

Chipangizo chachikulu ndi kamera yamawu. Kutalika - 120 cm. Kutalika - 20 cm. Chipindacho chimapangidwa ndi matabwa awiri, opindika pamodzi. thabwa limodzi lili ndi chodulira mkati, chomwe chimapanga chipinda chopanda kanthu. Mabowo omveka amadulidwa kumbuyo kwa mlanduwo. Zingwe zimathandizidwa ndi korona ndi mlatho. Pakati pa pamwamba pamakhala ngati khosi. Khosi likupendekekera pa ngodya.

Chidacho chili ndi miyendo pansi. Cholinga sikutsekereza mabowo a mawu. Pansi pake pali njira yosinthira. Zingwezo nthawi zambiri zimakhala za silika. Pali amakono okhala ndi zokutira zitsulo.

Malinga ndi mwambo, guqin poyamba anali ndi zingwe zisanu. Chingwe chilichonse chinkaimira zinthu zachilengedwe: chitsulo, nkhuni, madzi, moto, dziko lapansi. M’nthaŵi ya Mzera wa Zhou, Wen-wang anawonjezera chingwe chachisanu ndi chimodzi monga chizindikiro cha chisoni cha mwana wake wakufa. Wolowa nyumba Wu Wang adawonjezera chachisanu ndi chiwiri kulimbikitsa asitikali pankhondo ya Shang.

Pali mitundu iwiri yotchuka yazaka za XXI. Woyamba ndi wachibale. Utali - 2 m. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga solo. Yachiwiri ndi Utali - 1 m. Chiwerengero cha zingwe - 2. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu orchestra.

Mamba otchuka: C, D, F, G, A, c, d ndi G, A, c, d, e, g, a. Poyimba duet, chida chachiwiri sichimaphimba guqin.

Mbiri ya chida

Nthano yachi China yomwe idaperekedwa ku mibadwomibadwo imati zida zambiri zaku China zidawoneka zaka 5000 zapitazo. Odziwika bwino Fu Xi, Shen Nong ndi Yellow Emperor adapanga guqin. Baibulo limeneli tsopano limatengedwa ngati nthano zopeka.

Malinga ndi ofufuza, mbiri yeniyeni ya qixianqin ili pafupi zaka 3000, ndi zolakwika za zaka zana. Katswiri wanyimbo Yang Yinglu amagawa mbiri ya guqin m'nthawi zitatu. Yoyamba isanayambike Mzera wa Qin. M'nthawi yoyamba, guqin adatchuka kwambiri m'gulu la oimba pabwalo.

M’nyengo yachiŵiri, chidacho chinasonkhezeredwa ndi malingaliro a Confucian ndi Taoism. Nyimbo zinafalikira m'mabanja a Sui ndi Tang. Munthawi yachiwiri, kuyesa kudapangidwa kuti alembe malamulo a Play, notation, ndi miyezo. Chitsanzo chakale kwambiri cha qixianqin ndi cha Tang Dynasty.

Nthawi yachitatu imadziwika ndi zovuta za nyimbo, kutuluka kwa njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka. The Song Dynasty ndi malo obadwirako nthawi yamtengo wapatali ya mbiri ya guqin. Pali ndakatulo ndi zolemba zambiri kuyambira nthawi yachitatu zomwe zidayenera kuseweredwa pa qixianqing.

kugwiritsa

Qixianqin idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira mu nyimbo zachi China. Mwachizoloŵezi, chidacho chinkayimbidwa m’chipinda chabata chokha kapena ndi mabwenzi angapo. Oimba amakono amasewera m'makonsati akuluakulu pogwiritsa ntchito makapu amagetsi kapena maikolofoni kuti akulitse mawuwo.

Nyimbo yotchuka yazaka za zana la XNUMX yotchedwa "Rokudan no Shirabe". Wolemba ndi wakhungu wopeka Yatsuhashi Kang.

Monga chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe chapamwamba, qixianqin imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama mu chikhalidwe chodziwika cha China. Chidacho chikuwoneka m'mafilimu. Ochita filimu alibe luso lochita zisudzo, choncho amawongolera. Nyimbo zomvera zojambulidwa za Katswiri Wosewerera zimayikidwa pamwamba pamatsatidwe amakanema.

Sewero la guqing lopangidwanso molondola likuwonekera mufilimu ya Zhang Yimou Hero. Khalidwe la Xu Kuang amasewera mtundu wakale wa guqin m'nyumba yachifumu pomwe Nameless One amalepheretsa kuukira kwa mdani.

Chidacho chidagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegulira masewera a Olimpiki achilimwe a 2008. Wopangidwa ndi Chen Leiji.

Kuimba

Njira yosewera guqin imatchedwa fingering. Nyimbo zomwe zimaseweredwa zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Yoyamba ndi kuyimba yin. Kutanthauzira kwenikweni ndi "mawu omwe amamveka osalumikizidwa pamodzi". Wotulutsidwa ndi chingwe chotseguka.
• Wachiwiri ndi Fang Yin. Tanthauzo lake ndi "maphokoso oyandama". Dzinali limachokera ku harmonica, pamene wosewera mpira amakhudza chingwe ndi chala chimodzi kapena ziwiri pamalo enaake. Phokoso lomveka bwino limapangidwa.
• Chachitatu ndi yin kapena "phokoso loyima". Kuti atulutse mawu, wosewerayo amakanikizira chingwecho ndi chala chake mpaka chikayima pathupi. Kenako dzanja la woimbayo limakwera ndi kutsika, n’kusintha kamvekedwe ka mawu. Njira yotulutsa mawu ikufanana ndi kusewera gitala. Njira ya guqin ndi yosiyana kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito dzanja lonse.

Malinga ndi buku la Cunjian Guqin Zhifa Puzi Jilan, pali njira 1070 zosewerera zala. Izi ndizoposa zida zina zakumadzulo kapena zaku China. Osewera amakono amagwiritsa ntchito njira pafupifupi 50. Kuphunzira kusewera qixianqing ndikovuta ndipo kumatenga nthawi yambiri. Sizingatheke kuphunzira njira zonse popanda mphunzitsi woyenerera.