Kobyz: kufotokoza kwa chida, zikuchokera, mbiri, nthano, ntchito

Kuyambira kale, asing’anga a ku Kazakhstan amatha kuimba chida chodabwitsa cha zingwe choweramira, chomwe chimawathandiza kulankhulana ndi mizimu ya makolo awo. Anthu wamba ankakhulupirira kuti kobyz inali yopatulika, m'manja mwa asing'anga amapeza mphamvu yapadera, nyimbo zake zimatha kukhudza tsogolo la munthu, kutulutsa mizimu yoipa, kuchiritsa matenda, ngakhale kutalikitsa moyo.

Chida chipangizo

Ngakhale kale, anthu a ku Kazakh anaphunzira kupanga kobyz pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo umodzi. Iwo anakumba dzenje la dziko lapansi mu chidutswa cha mapulo, paini kapena birch, chomwe mbali imodzi chimapitilizidwa ndi khosi lopindika ndi mutu wathyathyathya. Kumbali inayi, choyikapo chinapangidwa chomwe chinali choyimira panthawi ya Sewero.

Chidacho chinalibe bolodi lapamwamba. Kuti azisewera, uta ankagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maonekedwe ake amakumbukira uta, momwe tsitsi la akavalo limagwira ntchito ya uta. Kobyz ili ndi zingwe ziwiri zokha. Amapindika kuchokera kutsitsi la 60-100, omangidwa kumutu ndi ulusi wolimba wa ubweya wa ngamila. Chida chokhala ndi zingwe za ubweya wa akavalo chimatchedwa kyl-kobyz, ndipo ngati pagwiritsidwa ntchito ulusi wolimba wa ubweya wa ngamila, chimatchedwa nar-kobyz. Kutalika konse kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapeto kwa choyimilira sikuposa 75 centimita.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri zapitazi, chida choimbira cha dziko sichinasinthe kwambiri. Amapangidwanso kuchokera kumtengo, kukhulupirira kuti zidutswa zolimba zokha zingapulumutse moyo womwe ungathe kuimba ngati mphepo yaulere, kulira ngati nkhandwe, kapena kulira ngati muvi woponyedwa.

Pakatikati mwa zaka zapitazo, zingwe zina ziwiri zinawonjezeredwa kwa ziwiri zomwe zilipo kale. Izi zinapangitsa kuti oimbawo awonjezere phokoso la nyimbo, kusewera pa chida osati nyimbo zamitundu yakale, komanso ntchito zovuta za olemba Russian ndi European.

History

Wopanga nthano wa kobyz ndi Korkyt waku Turkic komanso wolemba nthano, yemwe amakhala m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Anthu okhala ku Kazakhstan amasunga mosamalitsa, akumadutsa pakamwa ndi pakamwa nthano za wopeka nyimbo wamtunduwu. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, chidacho chimatengedwa ngati chikhumbo cha onyamula chipembedzo cha Tengrian - ndalama.

Asilamu ankamuona ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa dziko la anthu ndi milungu. Anamanga zitsulo, zolendala za miyala, nthenga za kadzidzi kumutu kwa chidacho, ndi kuika galasi m’kati mwake. Pochita miyambo yawo yodabwitsa mu yurt yamdima wakuda, adafuula, kukakamiza anthu wamba kumvera chifuniro "chapamwamba".

Anthu osamukasamuka ankagwiritsa ntchito kobyz kuthetsa chisoni pa ulendo wautali. Luso loyimba chidaliroli linaperekedwa kuchokera kwa abambo kupita kwa ana. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, kuzunzidwa kwa a shaman kudayamba, chifukwa chake, miyambo yoyimba chida idasokonezedwa. Kobyz inatsala pang'ono kutaya tanthauzo lake la dziko ndi mbiri.

Kazakh wolemba Zhappas Kalambaev ndi mphunzitsi wa "Alma-Ata Conservatory Daulet Myktybaev" anatha kubwezera wowerengeka chida ndipo ngakhale kubweretsa pa siteji yaikulu.

Nthano yonena za kulengedwa kwa kobyz

M’nthaŵi zimene palibe amene akuzikumbukira, mnyamata wina wotchedwa Korkut anakhalako. Anayenera kufa ali ndi zaka 40 - kotero mkuluyo adalosera, yemwe adawonekera m'maloto. Posafuna kugonja ku tsoka lomvetsa chisoni, mnyamatayo anakonzekeretsa ngamila, anapita ulendo, kuyembekezera kupeza moyo wosakhoza kufa. Paulendo wake anakumana ndi anthu amene anamukumba manda. Mnyamatayo anazindikira kuti imfa inali yosapeŵeka.

Ndiyeno, mwachisoni, iye anapereka nsembe ya ngamila, n’kupanga kobyz pa tsinde la mtengo wakale, naphimba thupi lake ndi chikopa cha nyama. Ankaimba chida, ndipo zamoyo zonse zinkabwera mothamanga kudzamvetsera nyimbo zabwino kwambiri. Pamene zinkamveka, Imfa inalibe mphamvu. Koma nthawi ina Korkut anagona, ndipo analumidwa ndi njoka, imene Imfa inabadwanso. Atasiya dziko la amoyo, mnyamatayo anakhala wonyamula moyo wosakhoza kufa ndi moyo wosatha, woyang'anira shamans onse, mbuye wa Madzi Otsika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kobyz

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi pali zofanana ndi Kazakh chida. Ku Mongolia ndi morin-khuur, ku India ndi taus, ku Pakistan ndi sarangi. Analogue yaku Russia - violin, cello. Ku Kazakhstan, miyambo yosewera kobyz imagwirizanitsidwa osati ndi miyambo yamitundu yokha. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendayenda ndi zhyrau - alangizi a khans, omwe adayimba zochitika zawo. Masiku ano ndi membala wa ma ensembles ndi oimba a zida zamtundu wa anthu, amamveka payekha, akutulutsanso chikhalidwe cha kuis. Oimba a ku Kazakh amagwiritsa ntchito kobyz m'nyimbo za rock, nyimbo za pop komanso nyimbo zachikhalidwe.

Osewera Odziwika

Odziwika kwambiri a kobyzists:

• Korkyt ndi wolemba mochedwa IX-oyambirira X zaka mazana;
• Zhappas Kalambaev - virtuoso ndi wolemba nyimbo nyimbo;
• Fatima Balgayeva ndi woyimba payekha wa Kazakh Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments, mlembi wa njira yoyambira yoyimba kobyz.

Ku Kazakhstan, Layli Tazhibayeva ndi wotchuka - wosewera wotchuka wa kobyz, mkazi wapatsogolo wa gulu la Layla-Qobyz. Gululi limapanga ma ballads oyambirira a rock, momwe phokoso la kobyz limapereka kukoma kwapadera.