Oud: ndi chiyani, mbiri ya chida, kapangidwe, ntchito

Mmodzi mwa makolo a lute ku Ulaya ndi oud. Chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko achisilamu ndi achiarabu.

Ndi chiyani

Oud ndi chida choimbira cha zingwe. Kalasi - chordophone yodulira.

History

Chidachi chili ndi mbiri yakale. Zithunzi zoyamba za ma chordophones ofanana ndi zaka za m'ma 8 BC. Zithunzizo zidapezeka kudera la Iran yamakono.

M'nthawi ya Ufumu wa Sassanid, chida chofanana ndi lute barbat chinatchuka. Oud adachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa zomangamanga za barbat ndi barbiton yakale yachi Greek. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, dziko lachisilamu ku Iberia lidakhala lomwe limapanga chordophone.

Dzina lachiarabu la chida "al-udu" lili ndi matanthauzo awiri. Choyamba ndi chingwe, chachiwiri ndi khosi la swan. Anthu achiarabu amagwirizanitsa mawonekedwe a oud ndi khosi la swan.

Chida chipangizo

Kapangidwe ka ouds kumaphatikizapo magawo atatu: thupi, khosi, mutu. Kunja, thupi limafanana ndi peyala. Zopangira - mtedza, sandalwood, peyala.

Khosi limapangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo womwewo ndi thupi. Chodziwika bwino cha khosi ndikusowa kwa frets.

Mutu wamutu umamangirizidwa kumapeto kwa khosi. Ili ndi makina a msomali okhala ndi zingwe zomata. Chiwerengero cha zingwe zachi Azerbaijani chofala kwambiri ndi 6. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ulusi wa silika, nylon, matumbo a ng'ombe. Pamitundu ina ya chidacho, amaphatikizana.

Mitundu ya ku Armenia ya chordophone imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe mpaka 11. Baibulo la Persian lili ndi 12. Ku Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, chordophone ili ndi zingwe zochepa kwambiri - 5.

Mitundu ya Chiarabu ndi yayikulu kuposa yaku Turkey ndi Perisiya. Kutalika kwa sikelo ndi 61-62 cm, pomwe sikelo ya Turkey ndi 58.5 cm. Phokoso la Arabic oud limasiyana mozama chifukwa cha thupi lalikulu.

kugwiritsa

Oimba amaimba oud mofanana ndi gitala. Thupi limayikidwa pa bondo lamanja, mothandizidwa ndi mkono wakumanja. Dzanja lakumanzere limakankhira zokopa pakhosi lopanda fretless. Dzanja lamanja lili ndi plectrum, yomwe imatulutsa mawu kuchokera ku zingwe.

Kusintha kokhazikika kwa chordophone: D2-G2-A2-D3-G3-C4. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zophatikizika, dongosolo la zingwe zoyandikana limabwerezedwa. Zolemba zoyandikana nazo zimamveka chimodzimodzi, ndikupanga mawu omveka bwino.

The oud amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nyimbo zamtundu. Osewera osiyanasiyana nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito pazochita zawo. Farid al-Atrash, woyimba komanso wopeka wa ku Egypt, adagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ntchito yake. Nyimbo zotchuka za Farid: Rabeeh, Awal Hamsa, Hekayat Gharami, Wayak.