Kodi kukhala ndi lingaliro la rhythm ana ndi akulu?

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti n'zosatheka kukulitsa chidziwitso cha nyimbo zoyimba pokhapokha pakuchita. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, muyenera kukulitsa mu maphunziro a nyimbo mothandizidwa ndi zochitika zapadera ndi njira, zomwe tidzakambirana pansipa.

Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti palinso zinthu zoterezi zomwe zimathandizira, ndiko kuti, zingathandize kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha rhythm, ngakhale kuti sizigwirizana mwachindunji ndi machitidwe oimba. Tidzawalingaliranso mosiyana.

Kukulitsa chidziwitso cha rhythm mu maphunziro a nyimbo

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zanyimbo zitha kulunjika pakuphunzitsa kumveka kwa nyimbo: kuphunzira maziko ongoyerekeza, kusewera chida ndi kuimba, kulembanso zolemba, kuchititsa, ndi zina zambiri. Tiyeni tiwone njira zazikulu zomwe zimaperekedwa ku vutoli.

CASE №1 "MAPHUNZIRO A UBONGO". Lingaliro la rhythm sikumverera kokha, komanso ndi njira ina ya kuganiza. Choncho, ndikofunika kwambiri kubweretsa mwanayo pang'onopang'ono (ndi wamkulu - kuti abwere yekha) kuti azindikire zochitika za rhythm kuchokera ku lingaliro la nyimbo. Kodi chofunika kwambiri apa n’chiyani? Lingaliro la kugunda, mita, siginecha ya nyimbo, chidziwitso cha nthawi ya zolemba ndi kuyimitsa ndizofunikira. Zida zotsatirazi zikuthandizani pomaliza ntchitoyi (dinani pa mayina - masamba atsopano atsegulidwa):

ZINDIKIRANI DURATION

IMANI KWA DURATION

PULSE NDI METER

KUSINTHA KWAYIYIMBO

ZIZINDIKIRO ZOCHULUKITSA NTHAWI YOLINGALIRA ZOYENERA NDIPOMAYIMITSA

MFUNDO №2 "KUWUTSA KWAMBIRI". Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi aphunzitsi a sukulu za nyimbo, poyambira komanso ndi ana akuluakulu. Kodi tanthauzo la njirayo ndi chiyani?

Wophunzirayo amawerengera kumenyedwa mokweza mogwirizana ndi kukula kwake. Ngati kukula kuli 2/4, ndiye kuti kuwerengera kumapita motere: "mmodzi-ndi-awiri-ndi." Ngati kukula kwake ndi 3/4, ndiye kuti, muyenera kuwerengera mpaka atatu: "mmodzi-ndi, awiri-ndi, atatu-ndi." Ngati siginecha ya nthawi yakhazikitsidwa ku 4/4, ndiye kuti timawerengera zinayi: "mmodzi-ndi, awiri-ndi, atatu-ndi, anayi-ndi".

Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthawi zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo ndi kupuma zimawerengedwa mofanana. Zonse zimawerengedwa ngati zinayi, theka lachidziwitso kapena kupuma kumatenga kumenyedwa kuwiri, kotala imodzi imatenga imodzi, yachisanu ndi chitatu imatenga theka la kugunda (ndiko kuti, ziwirizi zimatha kusewera pa kugunda: imodzi imaseweredwa, mwachitsanzo; pa “imodzi”, ndipo yachiwiri pa “ndi”) .

Ndipo potero, kuwerengera kofananako ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi zimaphatikizidwa. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito njirayi moyenera komanso moyenera pophunzira zidutswa, ndiye kuti wophunzirayo pang'onopang'ono adzazolowera kusewera monyinyirika. Nachi chitsanzo cha kuphatikiza koteroko:

NTCHITO №3 "RHYTHMOSLOGY". Njira imeneyi kukhala rhythmic kumverera ndi othandiza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ntchito 1-2 sukulu solfeggio maphunziro, koma inu mukhoza kuchita izo kunyumba pa msinkhu uliwonse. Amafotokozera anawo kuti m’nyimboyo muli mawu aatali ndi aafupi, omwe amasankhidwa masilabi anthawi yofanana.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene kotala ya noti ifika m'manotsi, amanenedwa kuti syllable "ta", pamene yachisanu ndi chitatu ndi syllable "ti", awiri asanu ndi atatu motsatana - "ti-ti". Theka la noti - timati syllable yotambasula "ta-am" (monga kusonyeza kuti cholembacho ndi chachitali ndipo chimakhala ndi magawo awiri). Ndizomasuka kwambiri!

Kodi ntchito ndi izo? Mwachitsanzo, timatengera nyimbo ya nyimbo yotchuka ya M. Karasev yakuti “Kumazizira m’nyengo yachisanu chifukwa cha mtengo wa Khirisimasi.” Mutha kutenga chitsanzo ndipo ndi chosavuta kapena chovutirapo, monga mukufunira. Kenako ntchitoyo imapangidwa motere:

1. Choyamba, timangoganizira zolemba za nyimbo, kudziwa nthawi yomwe ili nayo. Timabwereza - timatcha nthawi zonse "ma sillable" athu: kotala - "ta", eyiti - "ti", theka - "ta-am".

Kodi timapeza chiyani? Muyeso woyamba: ta, ti-ti. Muyeso wachiwiri: ta, ti-ti. Chachitatu: ti-ti, ti-ti. Chachinayi: ta-am. Tiyeni tipende nyimboyi motere mpaka kumapeto.

2. Chotsatira ndikulumikiza kanjedza! Manja athu adzawomba m'manja mwa rhythmic panthawi imodzimodziyo kutchula masilabi a rhythmic. Mukhoza, ndithudi, kuyambira nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kwa nthawi yoyamba.
3. Ngati mwanayo waloweza ndondomeko ya rhythmic, ndiye kuti mungathe kuchita izi: sinthani masilabi amtundu ndi mayina a zolembazo, ndipo mulole zikhatho zipitirire kugwedeza nyimboyo. Ndiko kuti, timawombera m'manja ndikuyitana zolembazo momveka bwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tikupopera, motero, luso la kuwerenga zolemba komanso kumveka kwa rhythm.
4. Timachita zonse mofanana, zolemba zokha sizimatchedwanso, koma zimayimbidwa. Lolani mphunzitsi kapena munthu wamkulu ayimbe nyimboyo. Ngati mukuphunzira nokha, ndiye mverani muzojambula zomvetsera (wosewera - pansipa), mukhoza kuimba limodzi ndi kumvetsera.

5. Pambuyo pa phunziro labwino chotero, kaŵirikaŵiri sikumakhala kovuta kwa mwana kuyandikira chidacho ndi kuimba nyimbo imodzimodziyo momvekera bwino.

Mwa njira, ngati mukufuna, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masilabi ena aliwonse oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, izi zikhoza kukhala phokoso la wotchi: "tic-tac" (zolemba ziwiri zisanu ndi zitatu), "tiki-taki" (zolemba zinayi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi), "bom" (kota kapena theka), ndi zina zotero.

Mlandu #4 "KUCHITA". Kuwongolera ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito poyimba nyimbo; mu nkhani iyi, izo m'malo akaunti mokweza. Koma mawonekedwe a kondakitala ali ndi mwayi umodzi wopitilira njira zina zachitukuko cha nyimbo: zimalumikizidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndikuyenda. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuchititsa kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri osati kwa omwe akuimba okha, komanso kwa omwe amasewera chida chilichonse, chifukwa chimabweretsa kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe kake ndi chifuniro.

Zowonadi, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mwana amamvetsetsa nyimbo ndi makutu ake, ndi malingaliro ake, ndi maso ake, koma sangathe kusewera bwino chifukwa chakuti kugwirizana pakati pa kumva ndi kuchitapo kanthu (kuyenda kwa manja poyimba chida) sikunachitike. zakonzedwa. Kulephera uku kumangokonzedwa mosavuta ndi chithandizo chakuchita.

ZAMBIRI ZOKHUDZA MAKHALIDWE - WERENGANI APA

CASE №5 "METRONOME". Metronome ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimamenya phokoso la nyimbo pa tempo yosankhidwa. Ma metronome ndi osiyana: abwino kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi mawotchi akale okhala ndi sikelo ndi kulemera. Pali ma analogues - ma metronome amagetsi kapena digito (mwanjira yofunsira foni yamakono kapena pulogalamu yapakompyuta).

The metronome ntchito pa magawo osiyanasiyana kuphunzira, koma makamaka ntchito ndi ana okulirapo ndi ophunzira. Kodi cholinga chake ndi chiyani? Metronome imatsegulidwa kuti wophunzira athe kumva bwino kugunda kwa mtima, komwe kumamupangitsa kuti azisewera nthawi zonse pa liwiro lofanana: osachifulumizitsa kapena kuchedwetsa.

Ndizoipa makamaka pamene wophunzira akuthamanga kwambiri (popanda metronome, sangamve izi). N'chifukwa chiyani zili zoipa? Chifukwa pamenepa, iye samasewera kumenyedwa kwina, samapirira kaye kaye, sapambana ma rhythmic manambala, amadya, amapunduka (makamaka zolemba khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi pa kumenyedwa komaliza kwa bar).

Chotsatira chake, ntchitoyo sikuti imasokonezedwa mwachidwi, koma ubwino wa ntchito zake umavutikanso - posapita nthawi, kuthamanga kumabweretsa kuti ntchitoyo "ikulankhula", kumveka kumatayika, ndipo zolakwika zaumisiri zimawonekera (imayimitsa). , ndime zalephera, ndi zina zotero). Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa, pothamanga, woimba salola kupuma bwinobwino, amakhazikika, manja ake amanjenjemera mopanda chifukwa, zomwe zimachititsa kuti awonongeke.

CASE No. 6 "SUBSTITUTION". Kuphunzira nyimbo ndi mawu kapena kusankha mawu, mawu a nyimbo ndi njira yabwino yopangira kusewera monyinyirika. Kumverera kwa rhythmic pano kumayamba chifukwa cha kufotokoza kwa mawu, komwe kulinso ndi rhythm. Komanso, kachulukidwe ka mawu ndi kodziwika bwino kwa anthu kuposa kamvekedwe ka nyimbo.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njirayi? Nthawi zambiri m'nyimbo, maimidwe pa manotsi aatali amapezeka nthawi yomweyo pamene kuyimitsidwa kotereku kumachitika m'mawu. Pali njira ziwiri, imodzi ndiyothandiza:

1. Phunzirani nyimbo yokhala ndi mawu musanayimbe pa piyano (ndiko kuti, imvani kayimbidwe koyambirira).
2. Onjezani nyimboyo ndi manotsi, ndiyeno kuti ikhale yolondola kwambiri - isewerani ndikuyimba ndi mawu (mawu amathandiza kuwongola kamvekedwe).

Kuphatikiza apo, mawu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amathandizira kudziwa ziwerengero zovuta, monga ma quintuplets. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi machitidwe achisanu ndi zina zachilendo zingapezeke m'nkhani yokhudzana ndi mitundu ya magawano a rhythmic.

MITUNDU YA MALO OGWIRITSIDWA NTCHITO - WERENGANI APA

Zochita kuti mukhale ndi chidwi cha rhythm

Monga taonera pamwambapa, ngati zinthu zotere sizikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyimbo, koma thandizani ana ndi akulu pakuphunzitsa kumveka kwa nyimbo. Zochita zoterezi ndi monga masamu, kuwerenga ndakatulo, masewera olimbitsa thupi, choreography. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino zimene tatchulazi.

MATEMATIKI. Masamu, monga mukudziwa, amathandizira kukulitsa malingaliro omveka. Ngakhale masamu osavuta omwe amachitidwa ndi ana m'makalasi 1-2 amawonjezera chidwi cha kuchuluka ndi kufanana. Ndipo tanena kale kuti kumverera uku kumathandiza kuti agwirizane ndi rhythm ndi malingaliro.

Ndiroleni ndipange lingaliro limodzi. Ngati mukuyesa mphamvu ya rhythm mwa mwana wanu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, ndipo zotsatira zake sizikhala zolimbikitsa, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chowakokera kusukulu ya nyimbo. Ndikofunikira kuti akule pang'ono, aphunzire kuwerenga, kulemba, kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa kusukulu, ndipo pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti, ali ndi zaka 8-9, abweretse mwanayo kusukulu ya nyimbo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kufooka kwa kayimbidwe kake kumapangidwa bwino m'malingaliro, kotero kuti kupambana kumafuna maphunziro oyambira masamu.

KUWERENGA ndakatulo. Kuwerenga ndakatulo momveka bwino ndikothandiza osati chifukwa kumalumikizidwanso ndi kutulutsa mawu, ngakhale mawu. Nyimbo nazonso, m'lingaliro lina, kulankhula ndi chinenero. Kusanthula zomwe zili m'malemba andakatulo ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri.

Ndipotu anthu ambiri amawerenga ndakatulo bwanji? Amangotenga nyimbo, koma samamvetsetsa zomwe akuwerengazo. Nthaŵi ina tinapezekapo pa phunziro la mabuku m’giredi 8. Anadutsa ndakatulo "Mtsyri" ndi M.Yu. Lermontov, ana ankawerenga pamtima nkhani za ndakatulo. Chinali chithunzi chomvetsa chisoni! Ophunzirawo anatchula mawuwo momveka bwino mzere ndi mzere, kunyalanyaza kotheratu zizindikiro zopumira (nthawi ndi koma) zomwe zingachitike pakati pa mzerewo, ndikunyalanyaza mfundo yoti sipangakhale zizindikiro zopumira kumapeto kwa mzerewo.

Tiyeni tione ndime imodzi. Izi ndi zomwe Lermontov analemba tanthauzo lake (osati mzere ndi mzere):

Mutanyamula mtsuko pamutu panu Munthu waku Georgia adatsika njira yopapatiza yopita kugombe. Nthawi zina ankazembera pakati pa miyalayo, Kumaseka kusautsika kwawo. Ndipo chovala chake chinali chosauka; Ndipo iye anayenda mosavuta Kubwerera anapinda zotchinga yaitali ataponyedwa mmbuyo. Kutentha kwachilimwe kunkachititsa mthunzi pankhope yake ndi pachifuwa chake; Ndipo kutentha kunatuluka m’milomo ndi m’masaya mwake.

Tsopano yerekezerani izi ndi zomwe zimanenedwa ndi ophunzira owerenga mzere ndi mzere (zitsanzo zingapo):

“Anatsikira kunyanja. Nthawi zina ”(Ndipo nthawi zina sanapite?) “Ndipo anayenda mosavuta, kubwerera” (Mtsikanayo anayatsa giya lakumbuyo, monga m’galimoto) “Kutaya. Chilimwe chimatentha ”(Anataya kutentha, khala kuzizira!)

Kodi malemba a akatswiri olemba nkhani amasiyana ndi malemba a Lermontov? Funso ndi losamveka. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kupenda zomwe zili mkati. Izi zimathandiza kusanthula nyimbo pambuyo pake mogwirizana ndi kalembedwe kake, mawu, osati kuyimba mosinthanitsa.

MAPHUNZIRO ATHUPI NDI MAVINSE. Njirazi zimakulolani kuti muphunzire nyimbo mothandizidwa ndi pulasitiki, mayendedwe. Ngati tikukamba za maphunziro a thupi, ndiye apa, choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa m'masukulu omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chabwino cha rhythmic. Pakukulitsa nyimbo, tenisi (mayankho a rhythmic) ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi (kunyimbo) atha kukhala othandiza.

Palibe chonena za kuvina. Choyamba, nthawi zambiri kuvina kumatsagana ndi nyimbo, zomwe wovina amazilowezanso momveka bwino. Ndipo, chachiwiri, mayendedwe ambiri amavina amaphunziridwa mpaka kugunda kwanyimbo.