Zosangalatsa za Art

Art ndi gawo la chikhalidwe chauzimu cha munthu, mtundu wa ntchito zaluso za anthu, mafotokozedwe ophiphiritsa a zenizeni. Tiyeni tione mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri za luso.

Zochititsa chidwi: kujambula

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti zojambulajambula zinayambira nthawi ya anthu akale, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo omwe akudziwa izi sangaganize kuti caveman anali ndi zojambula za polychrome.

Wofukula wa ku Spain Marcelino Sanz de Sautola anapeza phanga lakale la Altamira mu 1879, lomwe linali ndi zojambula za polychrome. Palibe amene anakhulupirira Sautola, ndipo iye anaimbidwa mlandu wopeka zolengedwa za anthu osauka. Pambuyo pake mu 1940, phanga lakale kwambiri lokhala ndi zojambula zofanana linapezedwa - Lascaux ku France, linayamba zaka 17-15 BC. Kenako milandu yonse yolimbana ndi Sautole idathetsedwa, koma pambuyo pake.

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Raphael "Sistine Madonna"

Chithunzi chowona cha chojambula "Sistine Madonna" chomwe chinapangidwa ndi Raphael chikhoza kuwonedwa mwa kuyang'anitsitsa. Luso la wojambula limapusitsa wowonera. Kumbuyo mu mawonekedwe a mitambo kumabisa nkhope za angelo, ndipo kudzanja lamanja la St. Sixtus akuwonetsedwa ndi zala zisanu ndi chimodzi. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti dzina lake limatanthauza "zisanu ndi chimodzi" mu Chilatini.

Ndipo Malevich sanali wojambula woyamba kujambula "Black Square". Kale kwambiri asanakhalepo, Allie Alphonse, mwamuna wodziwika chifukwa cha zochitika zake zamatsenga, adawonetsa chilengedwe chake "The Battle of Negroes in a Cave in the Dead of Night," yomwe inali chinsalu chakuda kwambiri, ku Vinyen Gallery.

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Picasso "Dora Maar ndi mphaka"

Wojambula wotchuka Pablo Picasso anali ndi kupsa mtima. Chikondi chake kwa akazi chinali chankhanza, ambiri mwa okondedwa ake adadzipha kapena adapita kuchipatala cha anthu odwala matenda amisala. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Dora Maar, amene anavutika kupuma kovuta ndi Picasso ndipo kenako anakagonekedwa m'chipatala. Picasso adajambula chithunzi chake mu 1941, pomwe ubale wawo unasweka. Chithunzi "Dora Maar ndi mphaka" chinagulitsidwa ku New York mu 2006 kwa $ 95,2 miliyoni.

Pojambula “Mgonero Womaliza,” Leonardo da Vinci anaika chidwi kwambiri pa zithunzi za Kristu ndi Yudasi. Anakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri kufunafuna zitsanzo, chifukwa chake, chifaniziro cha Khristu Leonardo da Vinci adapeza munthu pakati pa oimba achichepere mu mpingo, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu adatha kupeza munthu wojambula chithunzicho. wa Yudasi. Anali chidakwa chomwe Leonardo adamupeza m'dzenje ndipo adamuyitanira ku malo odyera kuti ajambule chithunzi. Munthu uyu pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti adayimbapo kale wojambulayo kamodzi, zaka zingapo zapitazo, pamene adayimba mu kwaya ya tchalitchi. Zinapezeka kuti chifaniziro cha Khristu ndi Yudasi, mwangozi, chinajambulidwa kuchokera kwa munthu yemweyo.

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Zochititsa chidwi: zojambulajambula ndi zomangamanga

• Poyamba, wojambula wosadziwika sanagwire ntchito pa fano lodziwika bwino la David, lomwe linapangidwa ndi Michelangelo, koma sanathe kumaliza ntchitoyi ndikusiya.
• Kaŵirikaŵiri palibe amene amadabwapo za malo a miyendo pa chosema cha equestrian. Zikuoneka kuti ngati kavalo wayima pamiyendo yakumbuyo, ndiye kuti wokwera wake wafa pankhondo, ngati chiboda chimodzi chakwezedwa, ndiye kuti wokwerayo adafa ndi mabala ankhondo, ndipo ngati kavalo wayima ndi miyendo inayi, ndiye kuti wokwerayo wafa imfa yachibadwa. .
• Matani 225 amkuwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifanizo chodziwika bwino cha Gustov Eiffel - Statue of Liberty. Ndipo kulemera kwa fano lodziwika bwino ku Rio de Janeiro - fano la Khristu Muomboli, lopangidwa ndi konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi sopo, limafikira matani 635.
• Eiffel Tower idapangidwa ngati chiwonetsero chakanthawi chokumbukira zaka 100 za Revolution ya France. Eiffel sanayembekezere kuti nsanjayo ikhalepo kwa zaka zoposa 20.
• Tsamba lenileni la mausoleum a ku India a Taj Mahal adamangidwa ku Bangladesh ndi wopanga makanema mamiliyoni ambiri Asanullah Moni, zomwe zidapangitsa kusakhutira kwakukulu pakati pa anthu aku India.
• Nyumba yodziwika bwino ya Leaning Tower ya Pisa, yomwe inamangidwa kuyambira 1173 mpaka 1360, idayamba kutsamira ngakhale pakumanga chifukwa cha maziko ang'onoang'ono ndi kukokoloka kwa madzi apansi panthaka. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi matani 14453. Kulira kwa belu nsanja ya Leaning Tower ya Pisa ndi imodzi mwa zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi mapangidwe oyambirira, nsanjayo inkayenera kukhala mamita 98, koma inali kotheka kuimanga mamita 56 okha.

Zosangalatsa: kujambula

• Joseph Niepce anapanga chithunzi choyamba padziko lonse mu 1826. Patadutsa zaka 35, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi wa ku England dzina lake James Maxwell anajambula chithunzi choyamba cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Wojambula Oscar Gustaf Reilander adagwiritsa ntchito mphaka wake kuwongolera kuyatsa mu studio. Pa nthawiyo kunalibe chopangidwa ngati chowonetsera mita, kotero wojambula zithunzi ankayang'ana ana a mphaka; ngati iwo anali opapatiza, iye anaika lalifupi shutter liwiro, ndipo ngati ophunzira dilated, iye anawonjezera shutter liwiro.
• Woimba wotchuka wa ku France Edith Piaf nthawi zambiri ankaimba nyimbo m'misasa ya asilikali pa nthawi ya ntchitoyo. Makonsati atatha, anajambula zithunzi ndi akaidi ankhondo, amene nkhope zawo zinadulidwa pazithunzizo n’kuziika m’mapasipoti onama, amene Edith anapereka kwa akaidiwo paulendo wobwereza. Choncho akaidi ambiri anatha kuthawa pogwiritsa ntchito zikalata zabodza.

Zosangalatsa za zojambulajambula zamakono

Sue Webster ndi Tim Noble

Ojambula a ku Britain Sue Webster ndi Tim Noble adapanga chiwonetsero chonse cha ziboliboli zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala. Mukangoyang'ana chosemacho, mumangowona mulu wa zinyalala, koma chosemacho chikawunikiridwa mwanjira inayake, mawonedwe osiyanasiyana amapangidwa, okhala ndi zithunzi zosiyanasiyana.

Rashad Alakbarov

Wojambula wa ku Azerbaijan Rashad Alakbarov amagwiritsa ntchito mithunzi kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apange zojambula zake. Amakonza zinthu mwanjira inayake, amawongolera kuunikira kofunikira kwa iwo, motero amapanga mthunzi, womwe chithunzi chimapangidwa pambuyo pake.

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kujambula kwazithunzi zitatu

Njira ina yachilendo yopangira zojambula inapangidwa ndi wojambula Ioan Ward, yemwe amapanga zojambula zake pazinsalu zamatabwa pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi osungunuka.

Posachedwapa, lingaliro la kujambula kwazithunzi zitatu linawonekera. Popanga chojambula chamagulu atatu, chigawo chilichonse chimadzazidwa ndi utomoni, ndipo mbali yosiyana ya zojambulazo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu uliwonse wa utomoni. Choncho, zotsatira zake ndi chithunzi chachilengedwe, chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala chovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chithunzi cha chamoyo.