Saz: kufotokozera kwa chida, kapangidwe, kupanga, mbiri, kusewera, kugwiritsa ntchito

Pakati pa zida zoimbira zochokera Kummawa, saz ili ndi udindo wofunikira. Mitundu yake imapezeka pafupifupi mayiko onse aku Asia - Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Afghanistan. Mu Russia, mlendo kum'mawa alipo mu chikhalidwe cha Chitata, Bashkirs.

Saz ndi chiyani

Dzina la chidacho limachokera ku chinenero cha Perisiya. Anali anthu a Perisiya, mwinamwake, omwe anali opanga chitsanzo choyamba. Wopangayo sanadziwike, saz imatengedwa kuti ndi yopangidwa ndi anthu.

Masiku ano "saz" ndi dzina la gulu lonse la zida zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana:

• thupi woboola pakati peyala voluminous;
• khosi lalitali lolunjika;
• mutu wokhala ndi ma frets;
• mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe.

Chidacho n’chogwirizana ndi zeze ndipo ndi cha banja la maseche. Mitundu yamitundu yamakono ndi pafupifupi 2 octaves. Phokoso ndi lodekha, lolira, losangalatsa.

kapangidwe

Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, kosasinthika pakadutsa zaka mazana ambiri kukhalapo kwa chida chazingwechi:

• galimotoyo. Zamatabwa, zakuya, zooneka ngati mapeyala, zokhala ndi kutsogolo kwafulati ndi kumbuyo kwake.
• Khosi (khosi). Gawo lomwe limatuluka mmwamba kuchokera ku thupi, lathyathyathya kapena lozungulira. Zingwe zimapachikidwa pambali pake. Chiwerengero cha zingwe zimasiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa chida: Armenian ili ndi zingwe 6-8, Turkish saz - 6-7 zingwe, Dagestan - 2 zingwe. Pali zitsanzo zokhala ndi zingwe 11, zingwe 4.
• mutu. Moyandikana kwambiri ndi khosi. Mbali yakutsogolo imakhala ndi ma frets omwe amawongolera chidacho. Kuchuluka kwa ma frets kumasiyanasiyana: pali zosinthika ndi 10, 13, 18 frets.

kupanga

Kupanga sikophweka, kovutirapo kwambiri. Chilichonse chimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matabwa. Kusiyanasiyana kwa nkhuni kumapangitsa kuti akwaniritse phokoso langwiro, kuti apeze chida chenichenicho chomwe chimagwirizana ndi miyambo yakale ya kum'maŵa.

Masters amagwiritsa ntchito nkhuni za mtedza, nkhuni za mabulosi. Zinthuzo zimauma bwino zisanachitike, kukhalapo kwa chinyezi sikuvomerezeka. Thupi lopangidwa ndi mapeyala limaperekedwa mocheperako ndi grooving, nthawi zambiri ndi gluing, kulumikiza magawo amodzi. Zimatengera nambala yosamvetseka ya ma rivets ofanana (nthawi zambiri 9 amatengedwa) kuti apeze mawonekedwe omwe akufuna, kukula kwake.

Khosi limayikidwa kumbali yopapatiza ya thupi. Mutu umayikidwa pakhosi, pomwe zowawa zimakomedwa. Zimatsalira kuti zingwe zingwe - tsopano chida chakonzeka kumveka bwino.

Mbiri ya chida

Perisiya wakale amaonedwa kuti ndi kwawo. Chida chofananira chotchedwa tanbur chidafotokozedwa ndi woimba wakale Abdulgadir Maragi m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Chida chakum'maŵa chidayamba kufanana ndi mawonekedwe amakono a saz m'zaka za zana la XNUMX - awa ndi mawu omaliza omwe adapangidwa ndi katswiri waku Azerbaijani Mejun Karimov.

Saz ndi chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri za anthu aku Turkic. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsagana ndi oimba omwe amafotokoza zochitika zakale, nyimbo zachikondi, ma ballads.

Kupanga zitsanzo zakale kunali bizinesi yayitali kwambiri. Poyesera kubweretsa mtengowo mu mawonekedwe oyenera, zinthuzo zidawuma kwa zaka zingapo.

Saz ya Azerbaijani inali yofala kwambiri. Kwa anthu awa, lakhala chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri cha ashugs - oimba amtundu, olemba nkhani omwe amatsagana ndi kuyimba, nkhani za zochitika za ngwazi zokhala ndi mawu okoma a nyimbo.

Mitundu yoyamba ya saz inali yaying'ono mu kukula, inali ndi zingwe 2-3 zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa silika, mahatchi. Pambuyo pake, chitsanzocho chinawonjezeka kukula: thupi, khosi lalitali, chiwerengero cha frets ndi zingwe chinawonjezeka. Mtundu uliwonse unkafuna "kusintha" kamangidwe kake ka nyimbo zawo. Magawo osiyanasiyana adaphwanyidwa, kutambasulidwa, kufupikitsidwa, kuperekedwa ndi zina zowonjezera. Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya chida ichi.

Tatar Saz imaperekedwa kwa alendo odzaona malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Crimea Tatars (mzinda wa Simferopol). Mtundu wakale udayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Momwe mungasewere saz

Mitundu ya zingwe imaseweredwa m'njira ziwiri:

• kugwiritsa ntchito zala za manja awiri;
• kugwiritsa ntchito, kuwonjezera pa manja, zipangizo zapadera.

Oimba akatswiri amapanga phokoso ndi plectrum (kusankha) yopangidwa ndi mitundu yapadera yamatabwa. Kudulira zingwe ndi plectrum kumakupatsani mwayi wosewera njira ya tremolo. Pali plectrums opangidwa kuchokera chitumbuwa nkhuni.

Kuti woimbayo asatope kugwiritsa ntchito dzanja lake, thupi linali ndi lamba woletsa: kuponyedwa paphewa, zimakhala zosavuta kugwira dongosolo m'dera la chifuwa. Woimbayo amamva ufulu, amayang'ana kwambiri njira yosewera.

kugwiritsa

Oimba akale ankagwiritsa ntchito saz pafupifupi kulikonse:

• iwo anakweza mzimu wankhondo wa ankhondo, kuyembekezera nkhondo;
• kuchereza alendo paukwati, zikondwerero, maholide;
• limodzi ndi ndakatulo, nthano za oimba mumsewu;
• iye anali mnzake wofunika kwambiri wa abusa, sanawalole kuti atope panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Masiku ano ndi membala wofunikira kwambiri wa okhestra, omwe amaphatikiza nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu: Azerbaijani, Armenian, Tatar. Kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi chitoliro, zida zamphepo, zimatha kuthandizira nyimbo yayikulu kapena solo. Luso lake laukadaulo, luso laluso limatha kuwonetsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana, ndichifukwa chake olemba ambiri akum'mawa amalemba nyimbo za saz-mawu okoma.