Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov (Konstantin Igumnov) |

Konstantin Igumnov

"Igumnov anali munthu wosowa chithumwa, kuphweka ndi olemekezeka. Palibe ulemu ndi ulemerero umene ukanagwedeza kudzichepetsa kwake kwakukulu. Panalibe mthunzi wa zachabechabe mwa iye, zomwe ojambula ena nthawi zina amavutika nazo. Izi ndi za munthu wa Igumnov. "Wojambula wowona mtima komanso wowona mtima, Igumnov anali mlendo wamtundu uliwonse wachikondi, mawonekedwe, gloss yakunja. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, chifukwa cha kukongola kwachiphamaso, sanaperekepo tanthauzo laluso ... Masewero ake anali osavuta komanso achidule. " Izi ndi za Igumnov wojambula.

"Pokhala wokhwima komanso wodzifunira yekha, Igumnov ankafunanso ophunzira ake. Wozindikira poyesa mphamvu zawo ndi kuthekera kwawo, nthawi zonse ankaphunzitsa chowonadi chaluso, kuphweka komanso kufotokoza mwachibadwa. Anaphunzitsa kudzichepetsa, kufanana ndi chuma m'njira zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Anaphunzitsa kulankhula momveka bwino, momveka bwino, momveka bwino, mofewa, kapulasitiki komanso kamvekedwe ka mawu. Anaphunzitsa "mpweya wamoyo" wa nyimbo. Izi ndi za Igumnov mphunzitsi.

"Chowonadi komanso chofunikira kwambiri, malingaliro a Igumnov ndi malingaliro ake okongoletsa adakhalabe, mwachiwonekere, okhazikika .... Chisoni chake monga wojambula komanso mphunzitsi chakhala nthawi yayitali kumbali ya nyimbo zomveka bwino, zomveka, zowonadi pamaziko ake (iye sanazindikire. wina), womasulira wake wa "credo" woimba nthawi zonse wakhala akudziwonetsera yekha kupyolera mu makhalidwe monga kuwonekera kwa chithunzithunzi, kulowetsa ndi kuchenjera kwa ndakatulo. Izi ndi za luso mfundo za Igumnov. Mawu omwe ali pamwambawa ndi a ophunzira a aphunzitsi apamwamba - J. Milshtein ndi J. Flier, omwe ankadziwa bwino Konstantin Nikolayevich kwa zaka zambiri. Powayerekeza, munthu amafika pamapeto pa kukhulupirika kodabwitsa kwa umunthu ndi luso la Igumnov. Muzonse adakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa iyemwini, pokhala umunthu ndi wojambula wozama kwambiri.

Adatengera miyambo yabwino kwambiri yaku Russia yochita komanso kupanga masukulu. Ku Moscow Conservatory, komwe anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1894, Igumnov adaphunzira piyano poyamba ndi AI Siloti ndipo kenako ndi PA Pabst. Apa iye anaphunzira nyimbo chiphunzitso ndi zikuchokera SI Taneyev, AS Arensky ndi MM Ippolitov-Ivanov ndi mu chipinda pamodzi ndi VI Safonov. Pa nthawi yomweyo (1892-1895) anaphunzira pa luso la History ndi Philology Moscow University. Muscovites anakumana ndi woyimba limba Igumnov mu 1895, ndipo posakhalitsa anatenga malo otchuka pakati oimba konsati Russian. M'zaka zake zocheperako, Igumnov adalemba njira zotsatirazi zakukula kwake kwa piyano: "Njira yanga yochitira masewero ndi yovuta komanso yovuta. Ndimagawaniza nthawi izi: 1895-1908 - nthawi yamaphunziro; 1908-1917 - nthawi ya kubadwa kwa kufufuza mothandizidwa ndi ojambula ndi olemba (Serov, Somov, Bryusov, etc.); 1917-1930 - nthawi yowunikiranso zikhalidwe zonse; chilakolako cha mtundu kuwononga rhythmic chitsanzo, nkhanza rubato; Zaka za 1930-1940 ndikupangika pang'onopang'ono kwa malingaliro anga apano. Komabe, ndidawazindikira bwino ndipo "ndinadzipeza ndekha" pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi… mkati "metamorphoses". Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku mfundo za kutanthauzira ndi zokonda za wojambula.

Akatswiri onse amavomereza maganizo ena apadera a Igumnov ku chida, luso lake losowa la kulankhula ndi anthu mothandizidwa ndi limba. Mu 1933, mkulu wa panthaŵiyo wa Moscow Conservatory, B. Pshibyshevsky, analemba m’nyuzipepala ya Soviet Art kuti: “Monga woimba piyano, Igumnov ndi chinthu chapadera kwambiri. Zowona, iye sali m'banja la oimba piyano, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lawo lanzeru, phokoso lamphamvu, ndi kutanthauzira kwa okhestra. Igumnov ndi wa oimba piyano monga Field, Chopin, mwachitsanzo, kwa ambuye amene anafika pafupi ndi zenizeni za piyano, sanayang'ane zotsatira zoyimba zomwe zimachititsa kuti aziimba, koma anachotsamo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa pansi pa kulimba kwakunja kwa limba. phokoso - melodiousness. Piyano ya Igumnov imayimba, monga kawirikawiri pakati pa oimba piyano amakono. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, A. Alschwang akugwirizana ndi lingaliro ili: "Anatchuka chifukwa cha kuwona mtima kochititsa chidwi kwa kusewera kwake, kuyanjana ndi omvera komanso kutanthauzira bwino kwambiri za classics ... Ambiri amawona kulimba mtima kwa K. Igumnov. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phokoso la Igumnov limadziwika ndi kufewa, pafupi ndi nyimbo ya mawu. Kutanthauzira kwake kumasiyanitsidwa ndi moyo, kutsitsimuka kwa mitundu. Pulofesa J. Milshtein, yemwe anayamba monga wothandizira wa Igumnov ndipo anachita zambiri pophunzira cholowa cha mphunzitsi wake, ananena mobwerezabwereza zinthu zomwezi kuti: “Ndi anthu ochepa okha amene akanatha kupikisana ndi Igumnov pa kukongola kwa mawu, komwe kunali kosiyana ndi chuma chambiri. wa mtundu ndi melodiousness zodabwitsa. Pansi pa manja ake, piyano anapeza mphamvu ya mawu a munthu. Chifukwa cha kukhudza kwapadera, ngati kuphatikiza ndi kiyibodi (mwa kuvomereza kwake, mfundo ya kuphatikizika idagona pamtima pa kukhudza kwake), komanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mochenjera, mosiyanasiyana, mokweza, adatulutsa mawu. wa chithumwa chosowa. Ngakhale ndi nkhonya yamphamvu, mtembo wake sunataye chithumwa chake: unali wolemekezeka nthawi zonse. Igumnov ankakonda kusewera chete, koma osati "kufuula", osati kukakamiza phokoso la piyano, kuti asapitirire malire ake achilengedwe.

Kodi Igumnov adakwaniritsa bwanji mavumbulutso ake odabwitsa aluso? Sanatsogoleredwe kwa iwo osati ndi luso lachilengedwe laluso. Mosasamala mwachilengedwe, nthawi ina adatsegula "khomo" la labotale yake yolenga: "Ndikuganiza kuti nyimbo iliyonse ndi mawu amoyo, nkhani yogwirizana ... Koma kungonena sikukwanira. Ndikofunikira kuti nkhaniyo ikhale ndi zina zake komanso kuti woimbayo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chinachake chomwe chingamufikitse pafupi ndi izi. Ndipo pano sindingathe kuganiza za kuyimba kwanyimbo mwatsatanetsatane: Nthawi zonse ndimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafanizo atsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachidule, ndimajambula zomwe zili m'nkhaniyo kuchokera muzowonera zanga, kapena kuchokera ku chilengedwe, kapena kuchokera ku zaluso, kapena kuchokera kumalingaliro ena, kapena kuchokera kunthawi yakale. Kwa ine, palibe kukayikira kuti mu ntchito iliyonse yofunika imafufuzidwa chinachake chomwe chimagwirizanitsa woimbayo ndi moyo weniweni. Sindingathe kulingalira nyimbo chifukwa cha nyimbo, popanda zochitika zaumunthu ... Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti ntchito yochitidwayo ipeze yankho mu umunthu wa woimbayo, kuti likhale pafupi ndi iye. Mutha kubadwanso, koma nthawi zonse payenera kukhala ulusi wina wolumikizana. Sizinganenedwe kuti ndinangoganizira pulogalamu ya ntchitoyo. Ayi, zomwe ndikuganiza si pulogalamu. Izi ndi malingaliro, malingaliro, mafananidwe omwe amathandizira kudzutsa malingaliro ofanana ndi omwe ndikufuna kuwonetsa mukuchita kwanga. Izi, titero, mtundu wa "zongopeka zogwira ntchito", zomwe zimathandizira kumvetsetsa kwa lingaliro laukadaulo.

Pa December 3, 1947, Igumnov anakwera komaliza ku Nyumba Yaikulu ya Moscow Conservatory. Pulogalamu yamadzulo ano idaphatikizapo Beethoven's Seventh Sonata, Sonata ya Tchaikovsky, Chopin's B Minor Sonata, Lyadov's Variations on a Theme yolembedwa ndi Glinka, sewero la Tchaikovsky Passionate Confession, losadziwika kwa anthu onse. Rubinstein's Impromptu, Schubert's A Musical Moment mu C-sharp minor ndi Tchaikovsky-Pabst's Lullaby adachitidwa pa encore. Pulogalamu yotsazikanayi inaphatikizapo mayina a oimba omwe nyimbo zawo zakhala zikugwirizana ndi woyimba piyano. "Ngati mukuyang'anabe chomwe chili chachikulu, chosasinthika mu chithunzi cha Igumnov," adatero K. Grimikh mu 1933, "chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ulusi wambiri womwe umagwirizanitsa ntchito yake ndi masamba achikondi a luso la piyano ... Bach, osati ku Mozart, osati ku Prokofiev, osati ku Hindemith, koma ku Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, Chopin, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff - zabwino za machitidwe a Igumnov zimawululidwa mokhutiritsa: kuletsa komanso kufotokoza mochititsa chidwi. kumveka, kudziyimira pawokha komanso kumasulira kwatsopano.

Inde, Igumnov sanali, monga iwo amati, woimba omnivorous. Iye anakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa iyemwini: “Ngati wopeka ali wachilendo kwa ine ndipo zopeka zake sizindipatsa ine zinthu zochitira zaluso, sindingathe kumuphatikiza mu nyimbo zanga (mwachitsanzo, nyimbo za piyano za Balakirev, French impressionists, malemu Scriabin, ena. zidutswa za oimba a Soviet). Ndipo apa m'pofunika kuunikila pempho losalekeza woyimba piyano ku Russian limba classics, ndipo, choyamba, ku ntchito ya Tchaikovsky. Tinganene kuti anali Igumnov amene anatsitsimutsa ntchito zambiri za woimba wamkulu Russian pa siteji konsati.

Aliyense amene anamvetsera Igumnov adzavomerezana ndi mawu achangu a J. Milstein: “Palibe paliponse, ngakhale mu Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Igumnov wapadera, wodzaza kuphweka, ulemu ndi kudzichepetsa wodzisunga, amafotokozedwa bwino kwambiri monga m'mabuku a Tchaikovsky. . N'zosatheka kuganiza kuti kuchenjera kwa machitidwe kungabweretsedwe pamlingo wapamwamba wa ungwiro. Sizingatheke kulingalira kusalala kwakukulu ndi kulingalira kwa mawu omveka, kunena zoona komanso kuwona mtima kwakumverera. Kuchita kwa Igumnov kwa ntchitozi kumasiyana ndi ena, chifukwa chotsitsa chimasiyana ndi chosakaniza chosungunuka. Zowonadi, zonse zomwe zilimo ndizodabwitsa: malingaliro aliwonse apa ndi chitsanzo, sitiroko iliyonse ndi chinthu chosilira. Kuti tiyese ntchito ya maphunziro a Igumnov, ndikwanira kutchula ena mwa ophunzira: N. Orlov, I. Dobrovein, L. Oborin, J. Flier, A. Dyakov, M. Grinberg, I. Mikhnevsky, A. Ioheles, A. ndi M. Gottlieb, O. Boshnyakovich, N. Shtarkman. Onsewa ndi oimba piyano oimba nyimbo omwe atchuka kwambiri. Anayamba kuphunzitsa atangomaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory, kwa nthawi ndithu anali mphunzitsi pasukulu ya nyimbo ku Tbilisi (1898-1899), ndipo kuyambira 1899 anakhala pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory; mu 1924-1929 analinso mkulu wake. Polankhulana ndi ophunzira ake, Igumnov anali kutali ndi zikhulupiriro zamtundu uliwonse, phunziro lililonse la moyo wake ndi kulenga, kupeza chuma chosatha cha nyimbo. “Kuphunzitsa kwanga,” iye akutero, “kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kachitidwe kanga, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kusakhazikika m’mikhalidwe yanga ya kuphunzitsa.” Mwina izi zikufotokozera kusiyana kodabwitsa, nthawi zina kutsutsa kosiyana kwa ophunzira a Igumnov. Koma, mwinamwake, onsewo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lolemekeza nyimbo, lotengera kwa mphunzitsi. Kutsanzikana ndi mphunzitsi wake pa tsiku lachisoni la requiem. J. Flier anadziŵikitsa molondola “nkhani yaing’ono” ya malingaliro a kaphunzitsidwe a Igumnov: “Konstantin Nikolaevich ankakhoza kukhululukira wophunzira pa manotsi onama, koma sanakhululukire ndipo sakanatha kupirira malingaliro abodza.”

… Polankhula za umodzi wa misonkhano yake yomaliza ndi Igumnov, wophunzira wake Pulofesa K. Adzhemov anakumbukira kuti: “Madzulo a tsiku limenelo ndinaona ngati KN sanali wathanzi kwenikweni. Kuonjezera apo, adanena kuti madokotala sanamulole kuti azisewera. Koma kodi cholinga cha moyo wanga n'chiyani? Play…”

Lit.: Rabinovich D. Zithunzi za oimba piyano. M., 1970; Milshtein I, Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. M., 1975.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.