Kuphunzira zoyambira nyimbo notation

Zoyambira pazambiri za nyimbo ndipamene maphunziro akulu a nyimbo amayambira. Sipadzakhala chopanda kanthu munkhani yaifupi iyi, zoyambira zosavuta za nyimbo.

Pali zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha, mayina awo amadziwika kwa aliyense kuyambira ali mwana: . Mndandanda wa zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambira ukhoza kupitilizidwa mwa kubwereza mbali iliyonse - kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo. Kubwereza kwatsopano kulikonse kwa mndandandawu kudzatchedwa octave.

Mbali ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zomwe nyimbo zimakhalapo ndi . Izi ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muzolemba za nyimbo: gawo la danga - gawo la nthawi - .

Zolemba zimalembedwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera mu mawonekedwe a ellipses (ovals). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa mayendedwe woimba nyimbo: pamene cholembacho chikumveka bwino, ndipamwamba malo ake pa mizere (kapena pakati pa mizere) ya ogwira ntchito. Ogwira ntchitowa amakhala ndi , omwe amawerengedwa kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba.

Kuti mulembe kamvekedwe kake kamvekedwe kake, mawu amalembedwa Makhalidwe - zizindikiro zapadera zomwe zimasonyeza zizindikiro za ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:

Chiwombankhanga chachikulu zikutanthauza kuti malo ofotokozera ndi G note ya octave yoyamba, yomwe imakhala pamzere wachiwiri.

Bass clef zikutanthauza kuti cholemba F cha octave yaying'ono, yomwe yalembedwa pamzere wachinayi, imakhala malo ofotokozera.

Alto clef zikutanthauza kuti cholemba mpaka octave yoyamba chimalembedwa pamzere wachitatu.

Tenor clef zimasonyeza kuti cholembacho mpaka octave yoyamba chimalembedwa pamzere wachinayi.

Awa ndi ma clef omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzoimbaimba - si woimba aliyense amene angawerenge zolemba bwino m'mabala onsewa; nthawi zambiri, woimba wamba amadziwa makiyi awiri kapena atatu. Mutha kudziwa zambiri zamomwe mungakumbukire zolemba mu treble ndi bass clef kuchokera kumaphunziro apadera omwe amapereka zotsatira zowoneka mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Dinani apa kuti muwone.

Monga lamulo, zoyambira za nyimbo zoyimba zimafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha treble clef. Onani momwe zikuwonekera ndipo tiyeni tipitirire.

Nthawi mu nyimbo imayesedwa osati m'masekondi, koma mkati, koma ndi momwe amasinthira mofanana mumayendedwe awo, akhoza kufananizidwa ndi kudutsa kwa masekondi, ndi kumveka kwa yunifolomu ya kugunda kapena belu. Liwiro kapena kuchedwa kwa kugunda kusintha kumatsimikiziridwa ndi liwiro lonse la nyimbo, lotchedwa kuyenda. Kutalika kwa kugunda kulikonse pa sekondi iliyonse kumatha kuwerengedwa mozama pogwiritsa ntchito hourglass kapena stopwatch ndi metronome - chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimapereka chiwerengero chenicheni cha kumenyedwa kofanana pamphindi.

Kujambulitsa rhythm mu manotsi, nthawi zolemba zonse. Kuwonetseratu kwa nthawi yayitali kumatanthawuza kusintha kwa maonekedwe a chithunzi - chikhoza kujambulidwa kapena ayi, kukhala ndi tsinde (ndodo) kapena mchira. Nthawi iliyonse imakhala ndi magawo angapo kapena magawo awo:

Monga tanenera kale, kumenyedwa kumapanga nthawi yoimba, koma si ma beats onse omwe amagwira ntchito yofanana. M'lingaliro lalikulu, ma lobes amagawidwa kukhala (olemera) ndi (kuwala). Kugunda kwamphamvu kungayerekezedwe ndi kutsindika m'mawu, ndi kugunda kofooka, motsatana, ndi masilabulo osakhazikika. Ndipo ndizosangalatsa! Mu nyimbo, ma syllables opanikizika ndi osakanizidwa (beats) amasinthasintha mofanana ndi mamita a ndakatulo. Ndipo ngakhale kusinthasintha uku kumatchedwa kanthu kakang'ono kukula, Pokhapokha mu versification cell cell imatchedwa phazi, ndipo mu nyimbo - KUSAMALA.

kotero, KUSAMALA - Iyi ndi nthawi yochokera ku kutsika kumodzi kupita ku kutsika kwina. Kukula kwa muyeso kuli ndi mafotokozedwe a manambala, kukumbukira kachigawo kakang'ono, komwe "nambala" ndi "denominator" zidzasonyeza magawo a muyeso: nambala ndi kuchuluka kwa kumenyedwa, denominator ndi zomwe zolembazo zimatha kugunda. kuyezedwa.

Muyeso wa muyeso umasonyezedwa kamodzi kumayambiriro kwa chidutswa pambuyo pa makiyi. Pali misinkhu Mwachibadwa, amene ayamba kuphunzira zoyamba za nyimbo kuwerenga ndi kulemba, choyamba, kudziwa miyeso yosavuta. Miyeso yosavuta ndi yomwe ili ndi zingwe ziwiri ndi zitatu, zazikulu zovuta ndizomwe zimapangidwira (zopindika) ziwiri kapena zingapo zosavuta (mwachitsanzo, zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi).

Chofunika kumvetsa ndi chiyani? Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kukula kwake kumatsimikizira "gawo" lenileni la nyimbo zomwe zingathe "kuyikidwa" mu bar imodzi (oposa kapena zochepa). Ngati siginecha ya nthawi ndi 2/4, ndiye kuti zolemba ziwiri zokha ndizokwanira muyeso. Chinanso ndikuti zolemba za kotalazi zitha kugawidwa kukhala zolemba zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zolemba khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kapena kuphatikizidwa mu theka la nthawi (ndiyeno theka limodzi litenga muyeso wonse).

Chabwino, izo zakwanira kwa lero. Izi sizinthu zonse za nyimbo, koma ndi maziko abwino kwambiri. M'nkhani zotsatirazi muphunzira zinthu zambiri zatsopano, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimakhala zakuthwa komanso zosalala, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa nyimbo za mawu ndi zida, momwe nyimbo "zodziwika" Am ndi Em zimamasuliridwa, ndi zina zotero. , tsatirani zosintha, lembani mafunso anu m'mawu anu, gawani nkhanizo ndi anzanu polumikizana nawo (gwiritsani ntchito mabatani ochezera omwe ali pansi pa tsamba).