Amayimba amuna ndi akazi

Mawu onse oimba amagawidwa m'Mawu akuluakulu achikazi ndi, ndipo mawu aamuna ambiri ndi.

Nyimbo zonse zomwe zimatha kuyimba kapena kuyimba pa chida choimbira ndi . Oimba akamalankhula za kamvekedwe ka mawu, amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa , kutanthauza magulu onse a mawu apamwamba, apakati kapena otsika.

Padziko lonse, mawu achikazi amaimba mawu a m’kaundula wapamwamba kapena “wapamwamba,” mawu a ana amaimba mawu a m’kaundula wapakati, ndipo mawu aamuna amaimba motsitsa kapena “pansi” kaundula. Koma izi ndi zoona pang'ono; kwenikweni, chirichonse ndi chidwi kwambiri. Mkati mwa gulu lirilonse la mawu, ndipo ngakhale mkati mwa liwu lililonse la munthu aliyense, palinso magawano kukhala apamwamba, apakati ndi otsika.

Mwachitsanzo, liwu lalitali lachimuna ndi tenoro, liwu lapakati ndi la baritone, ndipo liwu lotsika limakhala bass. Kapena, chitsanzo china, oimba ali ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri - soprano, mawu apakati a oimba ndi mezzo-soprano, ndipo mawu otsika ndi contralto. Kuti mumvetsetse kugawanika kwa amuna ndi akazi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mawu a ana kukhala apamwamba ndi otsika, piritsi ili lidzakuthandizani:

Ngati tilankhula za zolembera za mawu amodzi, ndiye kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mawu otsika komanso apamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, tenor imayimba zonse zomveka m'chifuwa ndi phokoso lapamwamba la falsetto, lomwe silingathe kufika kwa mabasi kapena baritones.

Mawu oimba achikazi

Chifukwa chake, mitundu yayikulu ya mawu oimba achikazi ndi soprano, mezzo-soprano ndi contralto. Amasiyana makamaka mumitundu, komanso mtundu wa timbre. Zida za Timbre zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kuwonekera, kupepuka kapena, mosiyana, machulukidwe, ndi mphamvu ya mawu.

woimba - liwu lalitali kwambiri loyimba lachikazi, mtundu wake wanthawi zonse ndi ma octave awiri (octave yoyamba ndi yachiwiri). M’maseŵero a zisudzo, maudindo a otchulidwa kwambiri nthaŵi zambiri amachitidwa ndi oimba okhala ndi mawu otero. Ngati tilankhula za zithunzi zaluso, ndiye kuti mawu okweza kwambiri amawonetsa mtsikana kapena munthu wosangalatsa (mwachitsanzo, nthano).

Sopranos, kutengera mtundu wa mawu awo, amagawidwa - inu nokha mungaganize mosavuta kuti mbali za msungwana wachifundo kwambiri ndi msungwana wokonda kwambiri sangathe kuchitidwa ndi woimba yemweyo. Ngati liwu limatha kuthana ndi ndime zofulumira komanso zokometsera m'kaundula wake wapamwamba, ndiye kuti soprano yotereyi imatchedwa.

Mezzo-soprano - liwu lachikazi lokhala ndi mawu okulirapo komanso amphamvu. Mitundu ya mawu awa ndi ma octave awiri (kuchokera ku A octave yaing'ono mpaka A sekondi). Mezzo-sopranos nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa udindo wa akazi okhwima, amphamvu komanso amphamvu-zofuna.

Contralto - zanenedwa kale kuti izi ndizotsika kwambiri za mawu a amayi, komanso, zokongola kwambiri, zowoneka bwino, komanso zosowa kwambiri (m'nyumba zina za opera mulibe contralto imodzi). Woimba yemwe ali ndi mawu otere m'zisudzo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa maudindo a anyamata.

Pansipa pali tebulo lomwe limatchula zitsanzo za maudindo a opera omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ndi mawu ena achikazi:

Tiyeni timve momwe mawu oimba a amayi amamvekera. Nazi zitsanzo zamavidiyo atatu kwa inu:

Soprano. Aria of the Queen of the Night kuchokera ku opera "The Magic Flute" ndi Mozart yochitidwa ndi Bela Rudenko

Mezzo-soprano. Habanera kuchokera ku opera ya Carmen ndi Bizet yoimba ndi woimba wotchuka Elena Obraztsova

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSJzsEfkwzA

Contralto. Ratmir aria kuchokera ku opera "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila" ndi Glinka, yoimba ndi Elizaveta Antonova.

Amuna akuimba mawu

Pali mawu atatu okha aamuna - tenor, bass ndi baritone. Tenor Mwa awa, apamwamba kwambiri, mayendedwe ake ndi zolemba zazing'ono ndi zoyamba za octave. Poyerekeza ndi soprano timbre, oimba omwe ali ndi timbre iyi amagawidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina amatchula oimba osiyanasiyana ngati. "Khalidwe" limaperekedwa kwa izo ndi zotsatira za phonic - mwachitsanzo, silveriness kapena rattling. Tenor yodziwika bwino imakhala yosasinthika pomwe pakufunika kupanga chithunzi cha nkhalamba yaimvi kapena wochenjera.

Baritone - liwu ili limasiyanitsidwa ndi kufewa kwake, kachulukidwe ndi kamvekedwe ka velvety. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu omwe baritone amatha kuyimba amachokera ku A octave kupita ku A octave yoyamba. Oimba omwe ali ndi timbre yotere nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa maudindo olimba mtima a anthu otchulidwa m'masewero amphamvu kapena okonda dziko lawo, koma kufewa kwa mawu kumawathandiza kuti aziwonetsa zithunzi zachikondi ndi nyimbo.

Bass - liwu ndilotsika kwambiri, limatha kuyimba zomveka kuchokera ku F ya octave yayikulu mpaka F yoyamba. Mabasi ndi osiyana: ena akugudubuza, "droning", "bell-like", ena ndi ovuta komanso "ojambula" kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, magawo a otchulidwa a mabasi ndi osiyanasiyana: awa ndi olimba mtima, "abambo", komanso odziletsa, komanso zithunzi zoseketsa.

Mwinamwake muli ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa kuti ndi mawu ati oimba a amuna omwe ali otsika kwambiri? Izi basi profundo, nthawi zina oimba omwe ali ndi mawu oterowo amatchedwanso Octavists, popeza "amatenga" zolemba zochepa kuchokera ku counter-octave. Mwa njira, sitinatchulepo mawu apamwamba kwambiri aamuna - izi Tenor-altino or countertenor, amene amaimba modekha ndi mawu pafupifupi achikazi ndipo mosavuta kufika manotsi apamwamba a octave yachiwiri.

Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, mawu oimba achimuna okhala ndi zitsanzo za maudindo awo amawonetsedwa patebulo:

Tsopano mverani phokoso la mawu aamuna oimba. Nazi zitsanzo zina zitatu za kanema kwa inu.

Tenor. Nyimbo ya mlendo wa ku India kuchokera ku opera "Sadko" ndi Rimsky-Korsakov, yochitidwa ndi David Poslukhin.

Baritone. Chikondi cha Gliere "Sweetly sing the nightingale soul," yoyimba ndi Leonid Smetannikov

Bass. Prince Igor's aria kuchokera ku opera ya Borodin "Prince Igor" poyamba inalembedwa kwa baritone, koma mu nkhani iyi imayimbidwa ndi imodzi mwa nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za m'zaka za zana la 20 - Alexander Pirogov.

Kugwira ntchito kwa mawu a woyimba wophunzitsidwa mwaukadaulo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ma octave awiri pa avareji, ngakhale nthawi zina oimba ndi oimba amakhala ndi kuthekera kokulirapo. Kuti mumvetse bwino za testitura posankha zolemba kuti muyesere, ndikupangira kuti mudziwe bwino chithunzicho, chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino magawo ovomerezeka a liwu lililonse:

Ndisanamalize, ndikufuna ndikukondweretseni ndi piritsi linanso, lomwe mutha kudziwana ndi oimba omwe ali ndi mawu amodzi kapena ena. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mutha kupeza ndi kumvetsera zitsanzo zomveka za mawu a amuna ndi akazi oimba:

Ndizomwezo! Tidakambirana za mtundu wanji wa oimba omwe ali ndi mawu, tidazindikira zoyambira zamagulu awo, kukula kwa magawo awo, kuthekera kofotokozera kwa timbres, komanso kumvera zitsanzo za mawu a oimba otchuka. Ngati mumakonda zinthuzi, gawani patsamba lanu kapena patsamba lanu la Twitter. Pali mabatani apadera pansi pa nkhaniyi. Zabwino zonse!