Maria Malibran |

Maria Malibran

Malibran, coloratura mezzo-soprano, anali m'modzi mwa oyimba odziwika bwino m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Luso lochititsa chidwi la wojambulayo linawululidwa mokwanira mu magawo odzaza ndi malingaliro akuya, njira, ndi chilakolako. Kuchita kwake kumadziwika ndi ufulu wotukuka, luso komanso luso laukadaulo. Mawu a Malibran adasiyanitsidwa ndi kufotokozera kwake kwapadera komanso kukongola kwa timbre m'kaundula wapansi.

Phwando lirilonse lokonzedwa ndi iye lidapeza khalidwe lapadera, chifukwa kuti Malibran atenge gawo lofunikira kuti azikhala mu nyimbo ndi pa siteji. Ndicho chifukwa chake Desdemona, Rosina, Semiramide, Amina adadziwika.

Maria Felicita Malibran anabadwa pa Marichi 24, 1808 ku Paris. Maria ndi mwana wamkazi wa Tenor wotchuka Manuel Garcia, Spanish woimba, gitala, wopeka ndi mphunzitsi mawu, kholo la banja la oimba wotchuka. Kuwonjezera pa Maria, munalinso woimba wotchuka P. Viardo-Garcia ndi mphunzitsi-woimba M. Garcia Jr.

Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mtsikanayo anayamba kuchita nawo zisudzo ku Naples. Ali ndi zaka eyiti, Maria anayamba kuphunzira kuimba ku Paris motsogoleredwa ndi bambo ake. Manuel Garcia adaphunzitsa mwana wake wamkazi luso loyimba ndikuchita movutikira malire ndi nkhanza. Kenako ananena kuti Mariya anakakamizika kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo. Koma, atatha kulowetsa m'malire a luso lake, atate wake adapanga mwana wake wamkazi wojambula bwino kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1825, banja la Garcia linapita ku England ku nyengo ya opera ya ku Italy. Pa June 7, 1825, Maria wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la London Royal Theatre. Analowa m'malo mwa Giuditta Pasta wodwala. Ataimba pamaso pa anthu aku England monga Rosina ku Barber waku Seville, adaphunzira m'masiku awiri okha, woyimba wachinyamatayo adachita bwino kwambiri ndipo adachita chibwenzi ndi gululi nyengo isanathe.

Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, banja la a Garcia limanyamuka pa boti la New York kupita ku United States. M’masiku ochepa chabe, Manuel anasonkhanitsa gulu laling’ono la zisudzo, kuphatikizapo a m’banja lake.

Nyengoyi idatsegulidwa pa Novembara 29, 1825, ku Park tietre ndi Barber waku Seville; Kumapeto kwa chaka, Garcia adapanga opera yake The Daughter of Mars kwa Maria, ndipo pambuyo pake ma opera ena atatu: Cinderella, The Evil Lover ndi The Daughter of the Air. Masewerowa anali opambana mwaluso komanso azachuma.

Pa Marichi 2, 1826, pakuumirira kwa abambo ake, Maria anakwatira ku New York wamalonda wachikulire wa ku France, E. Malibran. Wotsirizirayo ankaonedwa kuti ndi munthu wolemera, koma posakhalitsa anasowa ndalama. Komabe, Maria sanasiye kukhalapo kwake m'maganizo ndipo adatsogolera kampani yatsopano ya opera ya ku Italy. Kuti anthu a ku America asangalale, woimbayo anapitiriza mndandanda wake wa zisudzo za opera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Maria anakhoza kubweza pang’ono ngongole za mwamuna wake kwa atate ake ndi amene anam’bwereketsa. Pambuyo pake, adasiyana ndi Malibran, ndipo mu 1827 adabwerera ku France. Mu 1828, woimbayo anaimba koyamba pa Grand Opera, Italy Opera ku Paris.

Inali siteji ya Opera ya ku Italy yomwe kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 inakhala bwalo la "nkhondo" zaluso zodziwika bwino pakati pa Maria Malibran ndi Henriette Sontag. M'ma opera komwe adawonekera limodzi, aliyense wa oimba adafuna kupitilira mdani wake.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, Manuel Garcia, amene anakangana ndi mwana wake wamkazi, anakana zoyesayesa zonse zoyanjanitsa, ngakhale kuti ankavutika. Koma nthawi zina ankayenera kukumana pa siteji ya Italy opera. Nthawi ina, monga Ernest Legouwe adakumbukira, adagwirizana mumasewero a Othello Rossini: bambo - mu udindo wa Othello, wokalamba ndi watsitsi, ndi mwana wamkazi - mu udindo wa Desdemona. Onse adasewera ndikuimba molimbikitsa kwambiri. Chotero pa siteji, kuombera m’manja kwa anthu, chiyanjanitso chawo chinachitika.

Ambiri, Maria anali inimitable Rossini Desdemona. Kuchita kwake kwa nyimbo yachisoni yokhudza msondodzi kudakhudza malingaliro a Alfred Musset. Anapereka zomwe adaziwona mu ndakatulo yolembedwa mu 1837:

Ndipo aria anali ngati kubuula, Chisoni chokha chingatuluke m'chifuwa, Kuitana kwakufa kwa moyo, komwe kuli chisoni ndi moyo. Choncho Desdemona anaimba komaliza asanagone ... Choyamba, phokoso lomveka bwino, lodzala ndi chikhumbo, Linakhudza pang'ono pansi pamtima, Monga ngati likukolezedwa ndi chifunga cha chifunga, Pakamwa pakuseka, koma maso ali ndi misozi. ... Nayi nyimbo yachisoni yomwe inayimbidwa komaliza, Moto unadutsa m'moyo, wopanda chimwemwe, kuwala, Zeze wachisoni, wosweka mtima, Mtsikana wowerama, wachisoni ndi wotumbululuka, Monga kuti ndazindikira kuti nyimbo ndi zapadziko lapansi. Osakhoza kusonyeza mzimu wa chikoka chake, Koma anapitiriza kuyimba, akufa ali kulira, Mu nthawi ya imfa yake anagwetsa zala zake pa zingwe.

Pa kupambana kwa Mary, mlongo wake wamng'ono Polina analiponso, amene mobwerezabwereza nawo zoimbaimba wake monga woimba piyano. Alongo - nyenyezi yeniyeni ndi yamtsogolo - sankawoneka ngati wina ndi mzake nkomwe. Maria wokongola, "gulugufe wonyezimira", m'mawu a L. Eritte-Viardot, sankatha kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, mwakhama. Polina wonyansa anasiyanitsidwa ndi maphunziro ake ndi kulimbikira ndi kupirira. Kusiyana kwa makhalidwe sikunasokoneze ubwenzi wawo.

Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake, Maria atachoka ku New York, pa msinkhu wa kutchuka kwake, woimbayo anakumana ndi woimba wotchuka wa ku Belgium Charles Berio. Kwa zaka zingapo, Manuel Garcia sanasangalale, iwo ankakhala mu ukwati wa boma. Iwo anakwatirana mwalamulo kokha mu 1835, pamene Mary anatha kusudzulana mwamuna wake.

Pa June 9, 1832, paulendo wodabwitsa wa Malibran ku Italy, atadwala kwakanthawi kochepa, Manuel Garcia anamwalira ku Paris. Pokhala wachisoni kwambiri, Mary anabwerera mofulumira kuchokera ku Roma kupita ku Paris ndipo, pamodzi ndi amayi ake, anayamba kukonza zinthu. Banja la ana amasiye - amayi, Maria ndi Polina - anasamukira ku Brussels, m'dera la Ixelles. Anakhazikika m'nyumba yomangidwa ndi mwamuna wa Maria Malibran, nyumba yokongola ya neoclassical, yokhala ndi ma medallions awiri pamwamba pa mizati ya semi-rotunda yomwe inali khomo. Tsopano msewu umene nyumbayi inalipo imatchedwa dzina la woimba wotchuka.

Mu 1834-1836, Malibran adachita bwino ku La Scala Theatre. Pa May 15, 1834, Norma wina wamkulu adawonekera ku La Scala - Malibran. Kuti achite izi mosinthana ndi pasitala wotchuka adawoneka wosamva kulimba mtima.

Yu.A. Volkov akulemba kuti: "Otsatira a Pasta adaneneratu mosapita m'mbali kulephera kwa woimbayo. Pasitala ankaonedwa kuti ndi "mulungu wamkazi". Ndipo komabe Malibran adagonjetsa Milanese. Masewera ake, opanda maphwando aliwonse ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe, yoperekedwa ndi chidziwitso chatsopano komanso chidziwitso chakuzama. Woimbayo, titero, adatsitsimutsidwa, adachotsa nyimbo ndi chifaniziro cha zonse zosafunikira, zopanga, ndipo, kulowa mkati mwa zinsinsi za nyimbo za Bellini, adapanganso chithunzithunzi chambiri, chamoyo, chokongola cha Norma, mwana wamkazi woyenera, bwenzi lokhulupirika ndi mayi wolimba mtima. Anthu a ku Milanzi anadabwa kwambiri. Popanda kunyenga zomwe amakonda, adapereka msonkho kwa Malibran.

Mu 1834, kuwonjezera pa Norma Malibran, adachita Desdemona ku Rossini's Otello, Romeo ku Capulets ndi Montagues, Amina ku La Sonnambula ya Bellini. Woimba wotchuka Lauri-Volpi adati: "Ku La Sonnambula, adachita chidwi ndi kuphatikizika kwa angelo a mawu, ndipo m'mawu odziwika a Norma akuti "Inu muli m'manja mwanga kuyambira pano" adadziwa kuyika mkwiyo waukulu wa munthu. mkango wovulazidwa.”

Mu 1835, woimbayo adayimbanso mbali za Adina mu L'elisir d'amore ndi Mary Stuart mu opera ya Donizetti. Mu 1836, atayimba udindo wa Vaccai's Giovanna Grai, adatsanzikana ndi Milan ndipo adachita mwachidule m'malo owonetsera ku London.

Luso la Malibran linayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi olemba G. Verdi, F. Liszt, wolemba T. Gauthier. Ndipo woimba Vincenzo Bellini anakhala mmodzi wa mafani mtima wa woimbayo. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Italy adalankhula za msonkhano woyamba ndi Malibran pambuyo pa sewero lake La Sonnambula ku London m'kalata yopita kwa Florimo:

"Ndilibe mawu okwanira oti ndikufotokozereni momwe ndinazunzidwira, kuzunzidwa kapena, monga a Neapolitans amanenera," adandivula "nyimbo zanga zosauka ndi Angerezi, makamaka popeza adayimba m'chilankhulo cha mbalame, mwina zinkhwe, zomwe sindinathe kuzimvetsa mphamvu. Pokhapokha pomwe Malibran anayimba pomwe ndidazindikira chogona changa…

… Mu allegro wa chochitika chomaliza, kapena kani, m'mawu akuti "Ah, mabbraccia!" (“Ah, ndikumbatireni!”), Iye anaika malingaliro ochuluka kwambiri, anawalankhula moona mtima kotero kuti poyamba anandidabwitsa, ndiyeno anandipatsa chisangalalo chachikulu.

… Anthu omvera anandiuza kuti ndipite pa siteji popanda kulephera, kumene ndinatsala pang'ono kukokedwa ndi gulu la achinyamata omwe amadzitcha kuti okonda nyimbo zanga, koma omwe ndinalibe mwayi wodziwa.

Malibran anali patsogolo pa aliyense, adadziponyera pakhosi panga ndipo mokondwera kwambiri anaimba zolemba zanga zingapo "Ah, mabbraccia!". Sananenenso kanthu. Koma ngakhale moni wamphepo ndi wosayembekezerekawu unali wokwanira kupanga Bellini, wokondwa kale, wosalankhula. “Chisangalalo changa chafika polekezera. Sindinathe kutulutsa mawu ndipo ndinasokonezeka kwathunthu ...

Tinatuluka titagwirana manja: zina zonse mungaganizire nokha. Chomwe ndingakuuzeni n’chakuti sindidziŵa ngati ndidzakhala ndi chokumana nacho chachikulu m’moyo wanga.”

F. Pastura analemba kuti:

"Bellini adanyamulidwa ndi Malibran, ndipo chifukwa chake chinali moni womwe adayimba komanso kukumbatirana komwe adakumana naye kumbuyo kwa zisudzo. Kwa woimbayo, mokulirapo mwachilengedwe, zonse zidatha pamenepo, sakanatha kuwonjezera china chilichonse pazolemba zochepazo. Kwa Bellini, chikhalidwe choyaka moto, pambuyo pa msonkhano uno, zonse zidangoyamba: zomwe Malibran sanamuuze, adadzipeza yekha ...

... Anathandizidwa kuti abwerere m'maganizo ndi njira yotsimikizika ya Malibran, yemwe adakwanitsa kulimbikitsa munthu wachangu waku Catanian kuti chifukwa cha chikondi adasilira luso lake, lomwe silinapitirire paubwenzi.

Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, ubale pakati pa Bellini ndi Malibran wakhalabe wachikondi komanso wofunda. Woimbayo anali katswiri waluso. Anajambula chithunzi chaching'ono cha Bellini ndikumupatsa brooch ndi chithunzi chake. Woimbayo ankateteza mphatso zimenezi mwakhama.

Malibran sanangojambula bwino, adalemba nyimbo zingapo - ma nocturnes, zachikondi. Ambiri aiwo adachitidwa ndi mlongo wake Viardo-Garcia.

Kalanga, Malibran anamwalira ali wamng'ono. Imfa ya Mary chifukwa chogwa pahatchi pa September 23, 1836 ku Manchester inachititsa kuti anthu amve chisoni ku Ulaya konse. Pafupifupi zaka zana pambuyo pake, opera ya Bennett Maria Malibran inachitikira ku New York.

Pakati pa zithunzi za woimba wamkulu, wotchuka kwambiri ndi L. Pedrazzi. Ili ku La Scala Theatre Museum. Komabe, pali lingaliro lomveka bwino lomwe Pedrazzi adangopanga chojambula cha wojambula wamkulu waku Russia Karl Bryullov, wokonda talente ya Malibran. "Iye analankhula za ojambula akunja, anapereka zokonda kwa Akazi a Malibran ...", anakumbukira wojambula E. Makovsky.